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1、阅读 Passage 13 - 18第四次作业、第五次作业和第六次作业共有18篇文章，均为统考必考文章，你碰到原文的可能性 非常非常大，请务必认真完成。Passage 13 BBBDBIn the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having bIn social life, time plays a very important part
2、. In the guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because pl
3、ans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not
4、prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.译文：在美国，
5、人们通常不会在大清早给别人打电话。如果你清晨给某人打电话，而他正在刮胡子 或吃早餐，这时的电话就表明事情非常重要，需要立即采取行动。而在晚上11点后打电话，也表 示同样的意思。某人在睡觉时接到电话，他会认为事情处于生死存亡的关头。因此，打电话所选择 的时间表明了电话的重要性。在社会生活中，时间是很重要的一部分。在美国，如果在聚会前三四天才给客人发出邀请， 客人会感到没有受到高度重视。但在其他一些国家，情况并非如此。在世界其它一些地区，过早约 定时间也许会让人觉得很愚蠢。因此，提前一个多星期通知往往会被对方忘记。在世界不同地区， 时间的意义也不同。因此不同文化背景的人看待时间不同，而误会也就产生
6、了。例如，守时在美国 社会被给予高度的重视。谁不守时会被认为没有礼貌或没有责任感。在美国，没有人想让一位商业 合伙人等上一小时。那样就太不礼貌了。谁迟到5分钟，都会解释一下，尽管有时并没把解释的话 说完整。1. What is the main idea of this passage?（以下哪项表达了本文的中心思想？）A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in theB. The role of time in social Hfe over the world.（世界
7、各地时间在社会生活中扮演的角色。）C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in theD. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.2. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? （根据本文，如果你在某人睡觉时间打电话给他，意味着什么？）A. A matter
8、 of work.B. A matter of Ufe or death.（这是一件生死攸关的大事）C. You want to see him or her. D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.3. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? （如果你想约你的朋友，以下哪个时间是比较恰当的？）A. at 7:00 am B. at 4:00 pm （下午 4 点） C at the nig
9、ht D. at 4:00 amWhich of the following statement is true according to the passage?（根据本文，以下哪项陈述是正确的？）A. In the guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.B. There is no misunderstanding arising between peo
10、ple form different cultures about the concept of time.C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in theD. Promptness is valued highly in American hfe.（准时在美国社会是受到高度重视的。）From the passage we can safely infer that （从本文我们可以得出什么？） A. ifs a matter of life or death if you call so
11、meone in the day time.B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.（世界各地的时间观念是不同的。） C. it makes no difference in the whether you are early or late for a business party.D. if a person is late for a date, he neednt make some explanation.Passage 14 BDCCCThere are three kinds of goals:
12、 short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as building is no stronger than i
13、ts foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals build on the found
14、ation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce th
15、e belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to lim
16、it us or our course of action.译文：目标有三种：短期目标，中期目标和长期目标。短期目标是根据每日制定的为了处理当前事物的目标。短期目标可以以少于一个星期，一个 星期，两个星期，或者可能的话一个月来完成。我们必须记住，打地基比砌墙更需要坚实，长期目 标脱离了扎实的短期目标的实现是不能实现的。短期目标的实现是以以前完成的目标为前提的。中期目标是在短期目标的基础上指定的。可以以一个学期或整个学年为周期指定，或者延长 至几年。每次你根据目标前进了一步，都不要让自己感到没有信心或者压力重重。当你完成了一个 目标，你都会增加成功的信心。并且当你完成目标的日期越来越近，你的动力
17、和希望都会增加。长期目标可以和我们未来的梦想相关联。可以是五年或五年以上的目标。生活不是一成不变 的。我们不能让长期目标制约了我们或我们的行为。6. Our long-term goals mean a lot.（如果怎样，我们的长期目标将意义深远？）A. If we cannot reach solid short-term goalsB. If we complete the short-term goals （如果我们能完成各个短期目标）C. if we have dreams of the futureD. if we put forward some plansNew short-t
18、erm goals are built upon.（短期目标是以什么为前提的。）A. a daily basisB. your achievement in a weekC. current activitiesD, the goals that have been completed （前完成的目标）When we complete each step of our goals,.（每完成一个目标，将会怎样？）A. we will win final successB. we are overwhelmedC. we should build up confidence of success
19、 （增加我们成功的信心。）D. we should have strong desire for setting new goalsWhat is the main idea of this passage?（这篇短文的中心思想是什么？）A. Life is a dynamic thing.B. we should set up long-term goals.C. Different kinds of goals is He.（目标的不同种类。）D. The limitation of long-term goals.7. Which of the following statements
20、is wrong according to the passage?（根据短文，下面哪种说法是错误的？）A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals.B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.C. Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to
21、limit us or our course of action.（生活是一成不变的，所以我们不能让长期目标制约我们的生活和我们的行为。）D. We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.Passage 15 DCDBAHow men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really known is that men, u
22、nlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions, and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Thos
23、e sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our
24、past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what w
25、e call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our spe
26、ech silly and vulgar.译文：人们最初是如何发明单词的不得而知，换句话说，语言的起源是个秘密。所有我们所知道的 只是，人，不同于动物，不知怎么发明了某些声音来表达思想、情感、行为和物质，以便相互交流; 后来统一了某些被称为字母的符号，这些字母可以连起来代表那些声音，可以写下来。我们把那些 声音叫做单词，不管他们是口语还是书面语。文字的力量在于其联想性一即文字可以使事物呈现在我们的脑海中。通过经历，单词对我们 充满了意义。我们活得越久，某些单词就越能使我们回忆起过去的喜怒哀乐；我们阅读和学习得越 多，有意义的单词数量就越增加。伟大的作家是那些不仅具有伟大思想而且能用词汇来表达这
27、些思想的人，他们的思想强烈地 震撼着我们的心灵和情感。对单词的这种美妙和具有影响力的使用，就是我们所谓的文学性。更重 要的是，真正的诗人是文字大师。他可以用音乐般的词汇来表达自己的意思，这些词汇凭借其所用 环境和联想性能让人感动得流泪。因此，我们应该学会仔细选择所用词汇并准确使用，否则会使我 们说的话可笑又粗俗。8. The origin of language is （语言的起源是什么？）A. a legend handed down from the past B. a matter that is hidden or secret.C. a question difficult to a
28、nswer.D, a problem not yet solved.（一个还未解决的问题）What is true about words?（关于语言哪一项是对的？）A. They are used t to express feelings only. B. They can not be written downC. They are simply sounds.他们就是声音D. They are mysterious.9. The real power of words lies in their.（文字的真正力量在于什么？）A. propertiesB. characteristics
29、C. peculiarityD. representative function （代表功能）By “association”, the author means.（作者用“联想性”这个词指什么？） A. a special qualityB. a joining of ideas in the mind.（头脑中思想的联接）C. an appearance which is puzzling. D. a strange feature.10. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?（关于真正的诗人下
30、列哪项不正确？）A, He is no more than a master of words.（他只不过是一个文字大师。）He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.B. He can move men to tears.C. His style is always charming.Passage 16 BABCBShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious
31、; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am / makina? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feeling must n
32、egatively affect people. A persons conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other peoples reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, having low self
33、-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.n Shy people are very sensitive to criticism: they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement li
34、ke this one: Youre just saying that to make me feel good. I know its not true/5 It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts
35、 in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths.Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the eas
36、ier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Lefs not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.译文：羞怯是许多人不快乐的原因。害羞的人焦虑不安，自我意识强，也就是说，他们过分在意自 己的形象和行为。焦虑时常萦绕在他们的脑海中：我给人留下了什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我让人觉 得很傻吗?我的穿着是否不吸引人？显而易见，这种不舒适的感觉必然给人们带来了不利的影响。一个人的自我意识反映在他或 她的行为上，而一个人的行为会影响他人的反应。一般而言，人们认
37、识自己的方式对他们的生活的 方方面面有深远的影响。羞怯的人非常自卑，他们可能很被动，容易受他人的影响。他们需要得到他人的再次确认： 他们所做的是“正确的事情”。羞怯的人对批评很敏感，他们认为批评使得他们更低人一等。他们也 发现自己很难因为受到类似的表扬而高兴，如：你刚才所说的使我感觉很好。我知道那不是真的。 很明显，尽管具有自知之明是件好事，但过度自谦则是有害的。羞怯能根除吗？或至少能减少些吗?幸运的是，许多人能通过坚决而有耐心地建立自信来克服 羞怯。既然羞怯与自卑天生相伴，那么人们能看见他们的优缺点是很重要的。每一个人都是独一无二的，都有其价值所在。我们对我们自己个人的方式感兴趣。我们了解
38、自己越多，我们就越容易充分发挥自己的潜能。不要让羞怯妨碍我们实现富裕而有成效的人生。 16（作者在第一段通过引用“我给人留下了什么印象?”来试图说明什么？）A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.B. Peoples shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.（羞怯使他们过分关注他们的形象和行为。）C. Its natural that shy people dont believe others compliment
39、s.D. Shy people think they are different from others.17. According to the writer, self-awareness is.（根据作者的观点，自知之明是怎样的？）A. a good quahty （好事）B. the cause of unhappinessC. harmful to peopleD. a weak pointy of shy peopleWhen being praised, shy people feel that it is.（当被赞扬的时候，羞怯的人感到这是什么？）A. goodB. unrea
40、l （不真实的）C. very reasonableD. harmfulWhich of the following statements is true according to the passage?（根据文章含义，下列陈述哪一个是正确的？）A. Shyness helps us to develop our potential.B. Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better.C. Shyness cac block our chances for a rich Hfe.（羞怯能够阻碍我们实现富裕人生的机会。）D. Shyness
41、 has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem.18. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people.（从文章中可以推断出羞怯的人怎么样？）A. should find more of their weaknessB. should understand themselves is the right way （应当以正确的方式看待自己）C. had better ignore their weaknessD. can get rid of their shyness while maintain
42、ing low self-esteem.Passage 17 DCBBDWhen John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture. But they soon learned about a new system that more and more p
43、eople are using. The renting of home furnishings （bed, tables, dishes, and so on ） has become one of Americas fastest growing businesses.What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are international business or government officials, foreign students, airline w
44、orkers, young married couples-people whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another. They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time. They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes .Young people dont have much money and do
45、nt want to buy the cheap furniture, they wolud rather to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture they really like. Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy.One family, who now have a large, beautiful home of their own, liked their rented fu
46、rniture so much that they decided to keep renting it instead of buying new things. But usually people dont like to tell others about it. The idea of renting home furnishings is still quite new, and they are not sure what their neighbors might think.译文：当John和Victoria Falls到达纽约开始他们的一年生活时，他们没有随身带很多东西。他
47、们 计划要么住在装修好的公寓里，要么买些旧家具。但是他们很快了解到越来越多的人正在采用的一 种新的方式。租用家具（如窗，桌子，盘子等等）已经成为美国发展最快的行业之一。什么样的人是租用家具而不是买家具的呢？从事国际商务的人，政府官员，外国学生，航空 公司工作人员，刚结婚的年轻夫妇一那些由于工作而被迫频繁来往不同的城市的人。他们可以省 去每次搬家具的麻烦和费用。他们到一个新家的时候只要租新的家具好了。收入少的年轻人不想买 那些他们可能很快不喜欢的便宜家具。他们宁愿等到有钱时买他们真正喜欢的家具。同时，他们发 现他们可以租比他们买得起的质量更好的家具。有个家庭，他们有属于自己的大而漂亮的房子，可是
48、他们太喜欢租来的家具了以至于他们决 定继续租用而不买新的家具。但是人们通常不喜欢告诉别人这些。租家具的想法还是很新的，他们 不能确定邻居们对此会怎么想。19. Which of the following has become one of Americas fastest growing businesses?（以下哪个已成为美国发展最快的行业之一？）A. Selling home furnishings.B. Renting furnished apartments.C. Selling used furniture.D. Renting home furnishings.（租用家具）Wh
49、y do some people prefer to rent furniture?（为什么人们更喜欢租用家具？）A. Because the furniture they get in this way is new.B. Because it saves them a lot of money.C. Because it saves them much trouble and money.（因为这样可以省去很多麻烦和钱。）D. Because. They can always get better quality furniture in this way.20. What can you infer from the passage?（从这篇文章中能推断出什么？