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1、【专题五】动词和动词短语【考情分析】动词及短语动词在高考中的考查重点：1 .系动词的比较；2 .动词和短语动词的习惯用法和意义辨析（高考的重中之重）。【思想方法】通过研读历年考例，积累动词短语的用法。考点例析：2018 全国卷,347 William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to.A. disappear B. fallC. failD. damageK答案1cK考点/考查动词的辨析。K解析H disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail （指健康）衰
2、退，衰弱; damage损害，毁坏，加害于。句意为“William发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开 始衰退了。” “increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。2018 全国卷 H, 10 Mary, I John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. reminded C. warnedD. advisedK答案，BK考点考查动词的辨析。K解析II句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。 remindof 就 提醒（某人），使（某人）想起；warn含有警告的意思。2018 天津卷，63 I a bank a
3、ccount after I made $ 1, 000 by doing a part-timejob during the summer vacation.A. borrowedB.openedC.entered D. orderedK答案2 BK考点R考查动词的辨析。K解析彳句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了 1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户J open a bank account 在银行开帐户。2018 江苏卷，28Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I can t that her remarks hurt me.A. denyB. refuse
4、C. rejectD. declineK答案D AK考点/考查动词的辨析。K解析，句意为“一一你还生她的气吗？一一不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我deny 否认，否定；refuse, reject , decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。2018 福建卷,28 I d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A. show B. express C. pass D. reserveK答案DK考点考查动词的辨析。解析R句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。 reserve预订或保留（座 位、
5、住处等），推迟，留到以后，与后面的until相一致。2018 安徽卷,21 As the story, the truth about the strange figure is slowly- discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. developsK答案，DK考点1考查动词的辨析。解析F句意为“随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发，发展，把（主题或情节）逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。H2018 湖北卷，263 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to b
6、e successful, but they may also our thinking.A. directB. limitC. changeI）, improveK答案BK考点1考查动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的 思维。 direct指示,指引,导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）；limit限制；change 改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。2018 1胡1 匕卷,27 The minister said. We are ready for discussions with any legal par
7、ties, but we 11 never with criminals. ”A. negotiateB. quarrelC. argueD. consultK答案H AK考点考查动词的辨析。二解析. negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议，咨询。 句意为“部长说：我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。” 根据句意选Ao2018 湖北卷，28 Clinical evidence began to, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activ
8、ities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operateB. strenghtenC. approveD. accumulateK答案1DK考点考查动词的辨析。I解析R句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新 药具有更加广泛有用性。 operate手术，操作；strenghten力口强；approve赞成；accumulate 积累，（数量）逐渐增加。故选D。2018 辽宁卷，22 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You，re to be as
9、leep.,A. supposedB. knownC. thoughtD. consideredK答案 AK考点考查动词的辨析。解析X句意为“Tom,你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。 out of bed未上床，起床的 意思,be supposed to do 应当，应该。R2018 辽宁卷,241 You are old enough to your own living.A. winB. gainC. takeD. earnK答案H DK考点1考查动词的辨析。K解析U句意为“你长大了，可以自谋生路了。 earn one s living谋生，固定搭配。2018 全国卷,26_ I can
10、the house being untidy, but I hate it if it s notclean.A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D. stick toK答案H BK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。 come up with想出，提出； put up with 忍受，容忍；turn to转向，翻书到，求助于，（使）变成；stick to坚持， 紧跟，粘住，忠于。不整洁的;凌乱的2018 天津卷,8 She an old friend of hers yesterday while she
11、 was shoppingat the department store.A.turned down B.dealt with C. took after D. came acrossK答案1DK考点，考查短语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时，她遇上了她的老朋友。 turn down拒绝；deal with对付，处理；take after长得像，性格类似于，效仿；come across穿过，越过，偶 然遇见。.2018 山东卷，25一 They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic.A. put off B. spee
12、d up C. turn on D. work outK答案BK考点考查短语动词的辨析。解析：句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。 put off推迟；speed up加快；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），（使）感兴趣；（使）兴奋；work out算出，实现。 拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量，故选B。2018 江苏卷，30You look upset. What s the matter?I had my proposal again.A. turned over B. turned onC. turned offD. turned downK答案U DK考点1考查短语动
13、词的辨析。K解析1句意为“一一你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？一一我的建议又遭到拒绝了。 turnover 翻身，翻转，把移交；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），（使）感兴趣; （使）兴奋；turn off关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝。 根据句意选Do2018 福建卷,31 Born into a family with three brothers, David was to valuethe sense of sharing.A. brought up B. turned down C. looked after D.held backK
14、答案X AK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。K解析X句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭，David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。 bring up 教育,养育（孩子）,呕吐（食物）；turn down关小（音量等）,拒绝；look after照顾；hold back阻碍，抑制，隐瞒。（2018 安徽卷，342 If you faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shopassistant to reduce the price.A. come across B. care about C. look forD. focus uponK答案A考点X考查短
15、语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减 价。“come across 偶然遇到;care about 关心,在乎；look for 寻找;focus upon 专注 于。 、二2018 浙江卷，6. The school isn t the one I really wanted to go to , but I suppose I 11 just have to it,A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with K答案H aK考点考查短语
16、动词的辨析。K解析句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现车想尽量好好利用它了make the best of充分利用，尽量好好去做；get away from逃离；keep an eye on照看，留 心；注意；catch up with追上，赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化，选A。2018 浙江卷，12 He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ata hotel for the night.A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting u
17、pK答案H DK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。 put down放下，平定，镇压， 记下；put off推迟；put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加；put up举起，建立，张贴, 投宿。根据句意选D。12018 四川卷，73 To get a better grade, you should the notes again beforethe test.A. go overB. get overC. turn overD. take overK答案R AK考点考查短语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“为了获得好成绩，你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。
18、go over审查， 复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍；get over越过，完成，克服（困难），从（疾病、失望、震惊 等）中恢复过来；turn over翻身，翻转，把移交；take over接管；接替。一2018 四川卷，14一 I often the words I don t know in the dictionary or onthe Internet.A. look up B.look at C. look for D. look intoK答案H aK考点考查短语动词的辨析。K解析句意为“我经常在字典里或上查我所不懂的单词。 look up查（单词、电话号码 等）；look at看，注
19、视（某人或某物）；look for寻找；look into深入地检查，研究，调 查。2018 陕西卷，25一 Some insects the colour of their surroundings to protectthemselves.A. take in B. take offC. take on D. take outK答案2 cK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。解析：take in吸收，欺骗；take off拿走，取下，脱去（衣服等），起飞；take on承 担，呈现，雇用；take out把带出去，清除，除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己， 让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”（2
20、018 湖北卷，29 The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring down C. hand downD. tear downK答案I BK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。K解析1句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。 take down拆卸，记录，记下；bring down使（某物或某人）掉下倒下）， 击败，降（价）；hand down把传递下来，遗留；流传；tear down拆毁；拆卸
21、。根据后面的“保持市场的稳定” 选Bo12018 辽宁卷，261 The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put downB. put offC. put upI）, put awayK答案H CK考点1考查短语动词的辨析。K解析U句意为“考试结果将在星期五下午公布。 put down放下，平定，镇压，记下； put off推迟；put up举起，建立，张贴,投宿；put away放好，储存，抛弃。根据句意 选Co2018 江西卷 35 You can t predict everything. Often things don, t as youexpect.A. run outB. break outC. work outI） put out.K答案2 cK考点R考查短语动词的辨析。解析run out耗尽；break out打破；work out算出，实现；put out扑灭。句意为 “你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。