备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题03非谓语动词.docx

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1、专题03非谓语动同备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测.班练目录一 考点解读、解题要领、六大考点二 作状语三 作定语四 作宾语五 作宾语补足语六. .作主语七. .表语八. .非谓语形式总结回顾十 真题练一练【考点解读非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点, 我们将其叫做非谓语动词。在历年高考中非谓语动词都是重点和必考点。无论是语法填 空还是短文改错和写作,熟悉非谓语动词的基本用法及作同种成分时的用法区别都是解题 的关键。【解题要领】1 .分析句子结构,区分“谓语与非谓语”2 .判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语,以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。非谓动词做定语时,其

2、逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。非谓语动作做状语时,其逻辑主语是句子主语。非谓语动作做宾补时,其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。3 .判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。【八大考点】1. 作状语2. 作定语3. 作宾语4. 作宾语补足语5. 作主语6. 作表语八真题练一练I.单句填空1 . (2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷语法填空)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protec

3、ted areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.2 . (2022 年全国甲卷短文改错)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late.3 . (2022 年全国甲卷语法填空)A visually-challenged man from Beijing rec

4、ently hiked (徒步)40 days to Xian, as a first step 61 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线)by foot. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 69 from Xi(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬

5、)to the ancient Silk Road. 7.(2021 年全国甲卷短文改错)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others (2021 年全国乙卷语法填空). Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of 67 (visit)the place.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for

6、 ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment. (2021 年 1 月浙江卷)Tn 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of thecountries 34. (study) had higher BMIs than m

7、en and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35. (sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36. (live) in the countryside, includingan to Kashgar on Sept. 20,70 (plan) to hikeback to Xian in five month

8、s.4 .(2022 年浙江卷 1 月)That approach brought Cobb*s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 45 (continue) the practice.5 .(2022 年北京卷)Fearful that he might have an intention 31(harm) her, Helen started torun.6 .(2022 全国甲卷inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation lower lev

9、els of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.10 (2021 年全国甲卷语法填空)It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.11 . (2020 年新课标 I 卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-466. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken

10、 basin.67. (2020 年新课标 I 卷)1 like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.68. (2020 年新课标 I 卷)My mom told me how to preparing it69. (2020 年新课标 II 卷)They represent the earth 63 .(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.70. (2020新课标 H 卷)They make great gi

11、fs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.71. (2020 年新课标 II 卷)They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents.72. (2020 年新课标 III 卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67. (find) the well-known painter.73. (2020 年新课标 III 卷)And when he

12、saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.74. (2020 年山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模 拟)and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43. (walk)through a

13、rainforest.75. (2020 年浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology60. (change)lives.1 .【答案】to increase【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中已经有一个谓语动词“will extend”,剩下的这个 “increase”作非谓语,由句意可知,increase在此处表示目的,应用动词的不定式的形式。本 句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区 纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。

14、故填to increase。2 .【答案】talk前面加to【解析】考查短语。句意:我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规 定。be willing to do意思为:愿意做,为固定短语。故在talk前面加to。3.61 .【答案】to journey【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一 带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行,step前面 有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。70 .【答案】planning【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外

15、的西安飞到了喀什,计划在 五个月内徒步返回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非 谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planningo 4.【答案】to continue【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式, plan to do sth计划做,故填 to continue o71 【答案】to harm【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结 构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意

16、为“有意向做某事,固定 搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。72 【答案】held【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发, 曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided, 所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作 后置定语,表被动。故填held。73 【答案】talk - talking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.,意为“不喜欢做某事,,doing为动名词作

17、宾语。故talk改为talking。74 【答案】67. visiting 70. to have【详解】67.考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of 可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。70.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境 影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在,目的是故填to have。75 【答案】 34studied 35. sharply 36. living34 .考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和 女性的BMIs高于农村地

18、区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study 用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。35 .考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分 析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharplyo故填sharplyo36 .考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低 的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子 己有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做

19、定语, 用现在分词形式,故填living。76 .【答案】to walk【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时 候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it+be+adj+to do sth.,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。77 .【答案】to find【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究 南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。78 .【答案】frying改为fried【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红

20、柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动 宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。79 .【答案】 preparing 改为 prepare。【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+ 不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。80 .【答案】coming【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓 语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所 以用现在分词作后置定

21、语。故填coming。81 .【答案】decorated【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好 运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分 词作宾语补足语故填decorated。82 .【答案】to care【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形 容词+ to do”结构。故填to careo83 .【答案】to find【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。 结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ou

22、t to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to findo 18.【答案】surrounding【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流 下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格 结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应 用现在分词。故填surrounding o19 .【答案】walking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生 活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫

23、步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine 的宾补,imagine sb doing sth.想象某人做某事。故填walking20 .【答案】to change【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句 子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示 目的。故填to change。II.语篇填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. (2022-2023学年广西9月联考英语试题)Shadow theater is a unique art form in China

24、. Thanks to the basic principle of light and shadow projected (投影)onto a screen, performers use puppets (玩偶)41(make) from animal skins to tell stories in a form of opera. Two thousand years ago, the sadness of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty over the death of his favorite lover was 42(full) re

25、lieved by theprojection of her figure through a game of lights.This started 43 is now known in China as the earliest form of shadow play.Among all the countrys branches, Beijing shadow theater stands out 44 its techniques and its specific tunes. It 45(experience) a long period of formation and nowfe

26、atures unique performance methods. Its vocal (声乐的)tone and actual puppets draw 46(inspire) from Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera.In the past, the shadow theater 47(perform) in the fields, with all performers hiddenbehind the scenes; some controlled the puppets and sang, while others managed the music. A

27、 performing group would consist of six or seven people and a box of puppets. When people put on48 play at a market, a light box and a curtain would be enough 49(start) the show.Requiring only a few things, the theater was characterized by its mobility, often 50(appear) at weddings, dinner parties an

28、d Chinese New Year celebrations.【答案】41 . made 42. fully 43. what 44. for 45. has experienced 46. inspiration 47. was performed 48. a 49. to start 50. Appearing【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国皮影戏的历史以及演出特点。42 .考查非谓语动词。句意:由于光影投射到屏幕上的基本原理,表演者用动物皮制成的木 偶以一种歌剧的形式讲故事。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑 主语puppets构成被动关系,故用过去分词

29、作定语。故填made。43 .考查副词。句意:两千年前,西汉武帝因心爱的情人去世而悲伤,通过一场灯光游戏投 射出她的身影,从而完全缓解了这种悲伤。修饰动词relieve应用副词fully,作状语。故填 fully o44 .考查宾语从句。句意:这就是现在中国所知的最早的皮影戏形式。引导宾语从句,从句 中缺少主语,指事物故用what。故填what。45 .考查介词。句意:在全国所有的分支中,北京皮影戏以其技术和特定的曲调而闻名。结 合句意表示“以而闻名“短语为stand out for。故填for。46 .考查时态。句意:它的形成经历了很长一段时间,现在具有独特的性能方法。根据后文“a long

30、 period of formation”可知应用现在完成时,主语为it,助动词用has。故填has experiencedo 46.考查名词。句意:它的唱腔和木偶的实际灵感来自昆曲和京剧。作宾语,表示“灵感”应 用名词 inspiration。故填 inspiration。47 .考查时态语态。句意:过去,皮影戏是在田野里表演的,所有的表演者都躲在幕后;一 些人控制木偶并唱歌,而另一些人则负责音乐。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文In the past 可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was performedo48 .考查冠词。句意:当人们在市场上演出时,一个灯箱和一个幕布就足以开始演出了

31、。play 为可数名词,此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。49 .考查非谓语动词。句意:当人们在市场上演出时,一个灯箱和一个幕布就足以开始演出 了。结合句意表示“足以做某事”短语为be enough to do sth.。故填to start。50 .考查非谓语动词。句意:剧院只需要几样东西,它的特点是流动性,经常出现在婚礼、 晚宴和中国新年的庆祝活动中。分析句子结构可知appear在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻 辑主语the theater构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填appearing051 (吉林省吉林市普通中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月第一次调研)Sh

32、aanxi kuaiban is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm of bamboo clappers. In June, it 37(recognize) as an intangible(非物质的)culturalheritage at the national level. It can be performed by a group or alone.The art form can date back to the late Qing Dynasty. Ac

33、cording to its performers, the art was 38(origin) used by farmers to share their knowledge and earn money.39 now, morepeople perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions-for example, at a great many festival 40(celebrate), parties and art shows.Yang Jinlong, 45, is an 41(experience) Shaanxi Kuaiba

34、n artist. He first learned the artat the age of 9. Before that, he often went with his father, an amateur performer,42(watch) kuaiban performances.“As a young boy, I was attached 43 the art form because many of the stories are aboutheroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it is

35、 easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme/9 Yang said. Since 2003, he 44(teach) the artform to young people.“Art education is playing 45 important role in students in China. Just as many studentslearn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people 46(learn)

36、 traditionalChinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban. Yang said.【答案】37 . was recognized 38. originally 39. But#Yet 40. celebrations 41. experienced 42. to watch 43. by 44. has been teaching#has taught 45. an 46. learning【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西快板这种艺术形式以及陕西快板艺术家杨锦 龙为推广这一艺术形式所做出的努力。38 .考查时态。句意:在6月,今年

37、6月,它被国家公认的非物质文化遗产。分析句子可知, recognize作谓语动词,根据上文In June可知为一般过去时,it指代上文提的Shaanxi kuaiban, 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,与recognize是被动关系。故填was recognized。39 .考查副词。句意:根据表演者的说法,这种艺术最初是农民用来分享知识和赚钱的。修 饰动词used用副词作状语,故填originally o40 .考查连词。句意:但是现在,越来越多的人在不同的场合表演陕西快板,例如在许多节 日庆祝活动、聚会和艺术表演上。根据语境可知,此处与上文“这种艺术最初是农民用来分享 知识和赚钱的。”是

38、转折关系,故用but或者yet,故填But/Yet。41 .考查名词。句意同上。many修饰可数名词复数,结合下文的parties and art shows可推断, 此处用celebration庆祝活动”符合语境,且用复数,故填celebrations。42 .考查形容词。句意:杨金龙,45岁,是一个有经验的陕西快板艺术家。修饰名词artist 用形容词作定语,experienced”有经验的”符合句意,故填experienced。43 .考查非谓语动词。句意:在那之前,他经常和他的父亲,一个业余演员,去观看表演。 分析句子可知,”(watch) kuaiban performances”作

39、目的状语,用不定式形式,故填to watch0 43.考查介词。句意:作为一个小男孩,我被这种艺术形式所吸引,因为许多故事都是关于 英雄的。be attracted by被吸引”是固定搭配,故填by。44 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自2003年以来,他一直教授年轻人这项艺术形式。由时间 状语和句意可知,句子用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时,主语he是第三人称单数,故谓语 动词用单数,故填 has been teaching/has taughto45 .考查冠词。句意:艺术教育在中国学生中扮演着重要的角色。play an important role in起 着重要作用,扮演着重要的角色,im

40、portant以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an,故填an。46 .考查非谓语动词。句意:就像许多学生学习西方乐器一样,也有很多人学习中国传统民 间艺术,包括陕西快板。分析句子可知,”(learn) traditional Chinese folk arts”作定语修饰people, people与learn之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故填learning。Hit boy(hwi$ there is niy best friend Tom. 1Moy1邸疝&done任去相)Hk woman inteniewed by the newsrepoi tei i(l she lil:e(l hei

41、, job.考点一作状语一 目的状语作目的状语时,用不定式典例剖析1. ( 2022 年全国乙卷语法填空)68(strengthen) the connection with young people, theevent included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.【答

42、案】To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系 列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根 据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填T。 strengthen。2. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 39 (se

43、e) them.【答案】to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了 过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该 使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用todo 不定式作目的状语。故填to see。二结果状语1 .作结果状语时,如果是出乎意料的结果需要用不定式。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到火车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。2 .作结果状语时,如果表示可想而知

44、或自然而然的结果需用现在分词。His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了,留下他成了一名孤儿。三伴随状语方式状语非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语时句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,即主 谓关系,则用现在分词;若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,即动宾关系,则用过去分词。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。典例剖析(2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷语法填空)The Chinese government recently finali

45、zed a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.【答案】Covering【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中以及有一谓语动词作非谓语“w川be”,且无连词,动 词cover需要用非谓语的形式。cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用

46、现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。本句句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍, 将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填Covering。注意:源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示主语所出于的一种状态,被动形式表达的 汉意易错点。Seated(坐着的),devoted(专注的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着)等。 Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注读书,没注意到我进入房间。考点二 作定语非谓语作定语时,非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词,为被动关系 时用过去分词

47、。注意:所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语,如to have done to have been done、 to have been doing having done 和 having been done。典例剖析1. (2022 年全国高考新高考 II 卷语法填空)Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (B日台),Henry ran one hundred metres, j

48、umped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 36 (fall) child.【答案】falling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了 100米,跳过了 1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词, 设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”,child和fall之间是主动 关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。2. (2022 年全国乙卷语法填空)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony. n. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) fut

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