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1、本结构为商业住宅,采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,抗震等级为二级,抗震设防 烈度为7度,整个设计包括建筑设计和结构设计两部分。建筑设计部分,首先根据建筑的使用功能确定建筑的初步布局,包括建筑体 型及室内空间布置,然后确定具体尺寸和平、立面风格等。结构设计部分,首先根据建筑设计、工艺使用要求、材料供应情况及场地地 质条件等确定结构布置方案,然后选取一根典型框架进行设计计算。在明确计算 简图的前提下,进一步确定框架承受的荷载,包括恒载、屋(楼)面活载和风荷 载,在此基础上进行框架内力计算、内力组合、梁、柱和基础等构件的配筋计算。 除此之外,还进行了屋(楼)面板、楼梯等附属构件的设计计算。在上述工作的基础上
2、,制图软件Auto CAD 2007绘制了建筑施工图和结构施 工图。关键词:钢筋混凝土框架结构;建筑设计;结构设计图L3正立面图2结构说明2.1 结构设计选型及布置结构选型:该建筑为商业住宅楼一层为商场,二六层为住宅,为了满足一层 商店的大空间要求,并且要求自由分割,因此该建筑选用钢筋混凝土框架结构。结构布置:本商业住宅楼一层为商场,二六层为住宅,其结构采用钢筋混凝 土框架结构,其中跨度为6m、3/72 ,柱距为4.667.2m,采用主次梁结构。各层 层高由建筑层高确定,其中底层结构层高从基础顶面算起。结构梁柱布置图见结 构施工图。2.2 梁、板、柱截面尺寸选择1 .梁截面尺寸的确定:主梁截面
3、高度一般按跨度的(1/121/15)估算,梁截面高度可取梁高的1/21/3 故:主梁:L = 7.2m, /z = 1/15 x L 1/12 x L = 480 600mm,取力=500mm,取b = 1/2 1/3 /z Z? = 1/2 1/3 h,取Z? = 300mm次梁:L = 6m,/7 = l/18xL-l/12xL = 3334007nm,/z = 40077im,Z? = l/21/3/z,取 Z? = 200/71772 o由于该拟建结构为商业住宅楼,主次梁设置较复杂不再一一列出,见结构施 工图。2 .板截面尺寸的确定:现浇楼板厚取1/30板跨,即1/30x4600 =
4、150m加。现浇屋面板取1/30板跨,即0=1/30x3000 = 100加加。3 .柱截面尺寸的确定:框架柱截面尺寸根据柱的轴压比限制确定,可按下列公式计算:柱截面面积:AcNNc/Bn)式中:Un-轴压比限值fc碎轴心抗压强度设计值Nc-柱轴力设计值柱轴力设计值:Nc=25C/3Nb式中:N 一竖向荷载作用下柱轴力标准值(包含活载)。万一水平力作用对柱轴力的放大系数,七度抗震:夕= 1.05。C系数:中柱C = l、边柱C = l.l、角柱C = 1.2竖向荷载作用下柱轴力标准值:N = nAq式中:一柱承受楼层数A-柱子从属面积q-竖向荷载标准值(包含活载)对于框架结构:取4 = 101
5、2KN/ (轻质石专)取q = 1214KN/M (机制砖)该建筑高22.5 m ,框架结构查建筑抗震设计规范可确定本工程框架结构 的抗震等级为三级,框架柱的轴压比限值为0.85对于底层中柱:A = 0.5x(6+3)x6 = 271N = 6x7xl2 = 1944W=1.25x1.0x1.10xl944 = 2673X7V4 2673/()= 219909.55mm2对于底层边柱:A = 0.5x6x0.5x2 = 18m/7?2N=6X 18X 12=1296kNN0 =125x1.1xL1x1296 = 19602KNNc=1.25X1.1X 1.1X 1296=1960.2kNAc
6、= 0.5 x6x 0.5x6 = 9mm2对于底层角柱:A = 0.5 x 6 x 0.5 x 6 = 9m2N = 6x9xl2 = 648KNNr=L25xl.2xl.lx648 = 1069.2KN4 1069.2 /(0.8 x 14.3)= 94119.7W根据上述结果,综合考虑,取框架柱的截面尺寸为:600a?w2x600777mo2.3 基础形式根据地质条件可知,该工程地区地势平坦,土层分布比较规整,故采用柱下 独立基础。基础布置及配筋图见(结构施工图)2.4 楼梯形式楼梯段长度最大为3m,采用板式楼体满足要求,故用板式楼梯。2.5 其他构造柱:二六层房屋在填充墙内按规范设置构
7、造柱,局压较大处应加设构造 柱。后浇带:由建筑设计可知该建筑物总长度75.8m ,建筑高差较大,应设置沉 降缝,但是由于结构特殊性,不设置沉降缝,采用后浇带施工方式。2.6 材料选择1混凝土:基础以及基础梁采用C30混凝土,底层框架柱、梁、现浇板采用C30混凝土, 垫层采用C10混凝土。2钢筋:梁纵向受力钢筋选用HRB400,箍筋选用HPB300;柱纵向受力钢筋选用 HRB400,箍筋选用HPB300;楼板钢筋均选用HPB300;基础钢筋梁选用HRB335。3墙体材料:该建筑墙体为填充墙采用加气混凝土砌块,采用混合砂浆M7.5砌筑。并且在 填充墙里根据规范设置构造柱以满足抗震要求。2.7 计算
8、见图确定图3.7结构计算简图2.8 结构计算手算:选取一品框架对地震荷载、风荷载、竖向荷载作用内力计算,并且进 行配筋计算。电算:采用中科院PKPM系列软件建模并计算,得到结构整体配筋。对比:将手算和PKPM软件计算结果进行比照对比。3荷载计算3.1 荷载取值屋面活载:28 KNI府(上人),0.5 KN/%/ (不上人)楼面活载:ZOKNIm1 (卧室、客厅、厨房、卫生间、楼梯)基本风压:G.4KN / m1基本雪压:2.4KNIm13.2 屋面荷载该工程采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,全部采用现浇施工。屋面分别为100厚不 上人屋面;150厚上人屋面。321现浇板屋面1 (150厚,上人屋面)40
9、厚细石混凝土保护层30厚挤塑板保温层20厚水泥砂浆找平层 SBS防水卷材防水层20厚水泥砂浆找平层 150厚钢筋混凝土板20厚石灰砂浆板底粉刷0.04x25=1 KN/疗OAKN/m20.02x20 = 0.43/疗G.2KN I 病0.02x20 = 0.4/QV/m20.15x25 = 3.75/V/m20.02x17 = 0.34/V/m2恒载标准值活载标准值KN/病l.OKN/m2322现浇屋面板2 (100厚,不上人屋面)40厚细石混凝土保护层30厚挤塑板保温层20厚水泥砂浆找平层SBS防水卷材防水层0.04x25=1 KN/m20.1 KN/m20.02 x 20=0.4 A7V/
10、m242KN / m10.02x20 = 0AKN/m20.1x25 = 2.5/V/m20.02x17 = O.347V/m2Z=4.9WV/OSKN/m2001x21 =0.21KN/疗0.02 x 20=0.4/GV/m20.02x20 = 0.47GV/m20.15x25 = 3.757GV/m2Z=4.76MV/m2ZOKN / R0.01x21 = 0.21/GV/m20.02x20 = 0.4XN/m20.020 x 20=0.4 7CN/m20.01 x 25=0.25 TV/m22=3.53/2.5KN /m120厚水泥砂浆找平层100厚钢筋混凝土板20厚石灰砂浆板底粉刷恒载
11、标准值活载标准值楼面荷载150厚楼面10厚铺地砖楼面,干水泥抹面20厚1:4干硬性水泥砂浆结合层20厚1:3水泥砂浆找平层150厚现浇钢筋混凝土楼板恒载标准值活载标准值阳台荷载(不临街,二七层)wo厚楼面10厚铺地砖楼面,干水泥抹面20厚1:4干硬性水泥砂浆结合层20厚1:3水泥砂浆找平层100厚现浇钢筋混凝土楼板恒载标准值活载标准值墙体永久荷载标准值该工程为钢筋混凝土框架结构,墙体均为填充墙,采用建起混凝土砌块砌筑,密度为7.8KN/毋,墙体抹灰密度20KN/m3。1、200厚外墙200 厚加气混凝土:0.2x 7.8(3 0.5) = 3.9KN/m2外墙面外抹灰:20厚水泥砂浆0.40心
12、,/加2外墙面内抹灰及内墙面抹灰:20厚石灰砂浆0.347GV/m2外墙体重量2=4.6及V/M2、200厚隔墙200 厚加气混凝土:0.2x7.8x (3-0.5) =3.9 KN/m2隔墙面内抹灰及内墙面抹灰(双面):20厚石灰砂浆0.68KN/4200隔墙体重量2=46 KN/3、100厚隔墙100 厚加气混凝土 :0.1X 7.8 X (3 0.5) = 2KN / m2隔墙面内抹灰及内墙面抹灰(双面):20厚石灰砂浆0.6SKN/U12100厚隔墙体重量Z=2.7KN/m23.6风荷载计算风压标准值:% = 0.4KN / mm2主体结构高度:H = 22.5006小于30根,故q=
13、1.0迎风面:月=。.8迎风面:(3S = -0.5迎风面(背风面)Zz = 22.500m,查表取=1.28迎风面风压:Wk = LOx 0.8x1.28 x 0,4 = 0.4MN/加之各层中荷载代表值计算4.1 梁、柱荷载表值计算表44各层梁柱重力何在代表值的计算层计算高度/加bl mhl m/3V / 777P容重单重数量总重/KN15.950.60.62.141.12553.5341819.023.000.60.61.081.125273491833.000.60.61.081.125273491843.000.60.61.081.125273491853.000.60.61.081
14、.125273491863.000.60.61.081.125273491873.000.20.21.081.1253.3826.4表4-2梁重力荷载代表值计算层构件跨度bl mhl ma v /(3容单重数小计总重1ZL16.000.30.50.901.052523.6318425.251276.59ZL26.900.30.51.041.052527.174108.68ZL35.400.30.50.811.052521.26363.79ZL44.800.3().50.721.052518.90356.70ZL57.200.30.51.081.052528.354113.40ZL65.800.
15、30.50.871.052522.846137.03ZL73.900.30.50.591.052515.36461.43ZL82.400.30.50.361.05259.45218.90ZL94.200.30.50.631.052516.54116.54ZL103.600.30.50.541.052514.18114.18ZL114.600.30.50.691.052518.11236.23ZL123.000.30.50.451.052511.81894.50CL16.000.20.40.481.052512.60675.60CL24.800.20.350.341.05258.8218.82C
16、L35.400.20.350.381.05259.9219.92CL43.000.20.350.211.05255.51211.03CL52.800.20.350.201.05255.15210.29CL63.900.20.350.271.05257.17214.337ZL16.000.20.40.481.052512.60450.475.6ZL23.000.20.40.241.05256.30425.2填充墙荷载代表值计算表43各层墙体重力荷载代表值层次外横墙内横墙外纵墙内纵墙总重12191.17454.26876.22867.224389.8721231.35725.65345.00168
17、3.503987.5031231.35725.65345.001683.503988.5041231.35725.65345.001683.503989.5051231.35725.65345.001683.503990.5061231.35725.65345.001683.503991.507139.20.00278.400.00424.604.1.1 女儿墙荷载代表值计算墙重线荷载为:0.4x0.2x 10 + 0.2x0.2x25 = 1.8/GV/m门窗荷载代表值计算在墙体荷载的计算过程中对门窗窗洞口根据规范进行相应的折减,所以对于 门窗的和在不再单独计算。4.2 楼板荷载代表值计算各
18、层楼板的重力荷载代表值见下表4-4:第一层:建筑面积/加278.5x21 = 1519.8屋曲卸枳/加2994楼间卸枳加2597梁面总积/机2239.1屋面梁总面积/加2138.6楼面梁总面积/m2100.5楼梯间/加22.4x6x2 = 34.1房间板容重/ KN/m24.94屋面板容重/ KN / m24.76楼梯间容重KN/7.39总重/KN6776.41第二层:建筑面积/加239.8x15 = 597楼面梁总面积/机2100.5楼梯间/加?2.4x6x2 = 34.1屋面板容重/KN/m?4.76楼梯间/KN/相27.39总重/KN2704.7第七层ABSTRACT建筑面积/ m26x
19、2.4x2 = 28.8楼面梁总面积/m210.8屋面板容重/ KV/相24.76This structure for commercial housing, using reinforced concrete frame structure, the seismic grade for the second, seismic fortification intensity for 7 degrees, the whole design including building design and structure design two parts.Architecture design pa
20、rt, first of all, according to the use function of building the preliminary layout determined architecture, including the body shape and interior space layout, and then determine the detailed dimension peace, facade style, etc.Part of the structure design, architectural design, process first accordi
21、ng to use a requirement, material supply and the geological condition, determine the structure arrangement plan, then select a hinged frame of typical design calculation. In the clear simple plan calculation, under the premise of further define the load carried framework, including constant load, ho
22、use (floor) surface live load and wind load, and based on internal force calculation, internal force framework combination, beams and columns and foundation of the component such reinforcement calculation. In addition, but also for the house (floor) panel, stair subsidiary component design calculati
23、on.In the above work, and on the basis of the drawing software Auto CAD 2007 mapped the building construction drawing and structure construction drawing.Keywords: reinforced concrete frame structure; Architecture design; Structure design85.68总重/KN恒荷载汇总表4-5各层恒荷载汇总层梁/K7V板JKN小计/K7V柱JKN墙/KN小计/K7V11276.5
24、92704.703981.291819.04389.876208.8721276.592704.703981.299183987.504905.5031276.592704.703981.299183987.504905.5041276.592704.703981.299183987.504905.5051276.592704.703981.299183987.504905.5061276.592704.703981.299183987.504905.50775.6085.68161.2826.4424.60451.00注:计算墙体时,将女儿墙重量计入一层和六层墙重。4.3 活荷载汇总各层活荷
25、载见下表4-6:第一层:楼梯间/ 7储34.1房间、卫生间面积/563.9屋面面积/%994楼梯间、走廊均布活荷载/KN/22.5房间、卫生间均布活荷载/KN/m22.0屋面活荷载/KN/m20.5合重/KN1710.1给一日楼梯间/根234.1房间、卫生间面积/;?563.9楼梯间、走廊均布活荷载/KM/zt?2.5房间、卫生间均布活荷载/KM/%?2.0合重/KM1213.1注:第二层到第五层相同。第六层:楼梯间/加234.1房间、卫生间面积/加?563.9楼梯间、走廊均布活荷载/KM/?2.5上人屋面布活荷载/ KM / m22.0合重/MVZ1213.1第七层:楼梯间/加?34.1房间
26、、卫生间均布活荷载/KM/n?0.5合重/KN17.05表4-7活荷载汇总表层数1234567活荷载1710.11213.11213.11213.11213.11213.117.05合计7792.65计算各层和在代表值表4-8各层重力荷载代表值层次梁板恒载和/MV柱墙门窗恒载和/KN活荷载/K7V合计/K7V13981.296208.871710.111900.2623981.294905.501231.110117.8933981.294905.501231.110117.8943981.294905.501231.110117.8953981.294905.501231.110117.89
27、63981.294905.501231.110117.897161.28451.0017.05629.33则集中于各楼层标高处的重力荷载代表值G的计算结果如下图所示。no10117 89KN10117.89KN=noczzCnoC2 C2710117 89KNC7L-O图4.1重力荷载代表值。5地震荷载作用下框架分析5.1框架梁柱线刚度计算计算地震作用下结构的各项内力,采用底层剪力法,得出各层柱剪力,然后 根据剪力计算出各层梁、柱的弯矩、剪力、轴力。梁柱线刚度在计算梁线刚度时,考虑楼板对梁刚度的有利影响,即板作为翼缘工作。在 工程上,为简化计算,通常梁均先按矩形截面计算某惯性矩然后乘以增大系数
28、。中框架梁I = 2.0/边框架梁/ = 1.5/。横向框架:中框架:AB边跨梁(6根):BC中跨梁(3根):AB边跨梁(3根):BC边跨梁(3根):梁采用 C30 混凝土,Ec =3.0x1 KN/mm2,c 3xlO73 o 4“入7, i = 2xL= 3A2xlO4KN/ m,c 3xl073 仆一i = 2xL= 3 .20 x 104 kn / 加3.3xlO73 皿打乙z = 1.5x= 2.34x10 KN / m6.3xl073 个,八1小 山“ =1.5 x= 2.40 xlO KN / m3CD、AB梁截面,跨度相同底层柱ABCD(5.95加):上部各层边柱(3加):CD
29、、AB梁截面,跨度相同底层柱ABCD(5.95加):上部各层边柱(3加):i = 3A2x04KN/m,3xl07xl/12x0.64 一 人i = 7.95x 04 KN / m5.95,=3x107 x1/12 x 0.64 =0 8xl()4 KN/ 3由以上计算可知,各楼层刚度均大于大于上层,故该框架为规则框架。1.1 2柱的侧移刚度D表51柱侧移刚度修正系数七位置边柱K中柱K见一般层认K _ 1 +1 + 4 + 4-2。KCL 2 + K底层固接K = K+l2 *0.5 +K a _c 2 + K较接lc* I,0.5 +kocc =_c 2 + KA、D轴为边柱;B、C轴为中柱
30、。表52框架柱的侧移刚度层类型根数L(mXKhx04kN / mK,x0&kN nKaDxlO4roxio4六 层中框边柱123.06.2410.800.28890.131.8276.92中柱123.012.6410.800.58520.233.26边框边柱43.04.6810.800.21670.101.41中柱43.09.4810.800.43890.182.59层中框边柱125.453.125.451.05050.511.3954.28中柱125.456.325.452.12790.641.74边框边柱45.452.345.450.78790.461.90中柱45.452.405.450
31、.95370.492.26= 54.28 776.92 = 0.706 0.7 满足要求。312323210.831210.83.210.83210.810.831210.83.210.83210.810.831210.83.210.83210.810.831210.83210.83210.810.831210.83210.83210.87.947.977.957.94/777777/777777f777777/777777图5.1梁柱线刚度简图1.2 水平地震力分析521框架水平地震作用记地震剪力计算表5-3楼层侧移计算层G,Eg力=),610117.8910117.897692000.01
32、30.316510117.8920235.787692000.026410117.8930353.67769200.039310117.8940471.567692000.053210117.8950589.457692000.066111900.2662489.715248000.1197; =1.7x% x国= L7xO.6x JQ316 =0.573s场地 II 类,T” 0.355 , 4口” = 008 ,4 = 0.05 7 = 0.9 %=1.0 , ,工 1.4Tg=0. 49s3n = 0.087; + 0.07 = 0.08 x 0.573+ 0.07 = 0.1156%
33、=(上丫%皿=(O.35/O.537)09 x 0.08 = 0.07Ge10.85XG = 0.85 x 62489.71 = 53116.2570Veq底部总剪力:Ffk = 6Z,G = 0.051X 53115.25 = 2657.928匕 K1 eqAFn = 6nFEK = 0.1156 x 2657.928 = 307.26与=要一%(1-服)j匕=+!,/=!j=i根据建筑抗震设计规范查的2 = 0.016 o表5-4水平地震作用下地震剪力质 上H,(m)Gj(KN)Fek(KN)3“F(KN)4(KN)Fek(KN)这 Gj(KN)620.4510117.892657.928
34、0.1156307.26781.3281088.588161.886517.4510117.89666.7081755.296323.772414.4510117.89552.0882307.383485.658311.4510117.89437.4672744.851647.54528.4510117.89322.8473067.698809.43115.4511900.26244.9083312.606999.835水平地震作用下层间位移和顶点位移计算表5-5平地震作用下的层间位移和顶点位移计算层M(kn)ht (m)Z0(KN/m)Auei = VJ hjXlOAuei/h. xlO46
35、1088.5883.07692000.524.7251755.2963.07692000.817.6142307.3833.07692001.0610.0032744.8513.07692001.2511.8923067.6983.07692001.3913.2913312.6065.955248001.6910.61等幻=上 所以满足规范规定的弹性位移要求。 %550F6KN F5KNF4KNF3KN F2KN F1KN .1.3 水平地震作用下框架柱剪力和柱弯矩(D值法)1088.588KN_17S5,296KN307,383KNh744,851KNR067,698KN3312.606KN
36、单位:KN图5.2各层柱总剪力图尸(为+必+%+%)二独亍一反弯点到柱下端结点的距离,即反弯点高度。兀一标准反弯点高度比。片一上下横粱线刚度比对标准反弯点高度比打的修正系数。 内上层层高变化修正值。为一下层层高变化修正值。)。根据框架总层数,该柱所在层数和梁柱线刚度比R查表得。表5-6中框架边柱修正后反弯点高度比层K凡)1为%y63.00.28890.090000.0953.00.28890.250000.2543.00.28890.350000.3533.00.28890.400000.4023.01.05050.550000.5515.451.08900.600000.60表5-7中框架中
37、柱修正后反弯点高度比层h(m)KJo为%y63.00.58520.250000.2553.00.58520.350000.3543.00.58520.400000.4033.00.58520.450000.4523.00.58520.500000.5015.452.12790.550000.551.4 柱端弯矩表5-8中框架边柱剪力和弯矩层h(m)Dj(KN 1 m)D、KN / g川加MKN)yk(KN)y63.0769200182000.02371088.58825.7570.096.95470.31753.0769200182000.02371755.29641.5320.2531.14
38、993.44743.0769200182000.02372307.38354.5950.3557.325106.46033.0769200182000.02372744.85164.9460.4077.935116.90223.0769200182000.02373067.69872.5850.55119.76597.98915.95542800139000.02563312.60684.8290.60302.840201.893表5-9中框架中柱剪力和弯矩层/?(/?)ZO(X7V/,)D(KN / m)DlfQv;(KN)v;k(KN)y63.0769200326000.04241088.
39、58846.1360.2534.602103.80753.0769200326000.04241755.29674.3920.3578.112145.06543.0769200326000.04242307.38397.7910.40117.349176.02333.0769200326000.04242744.851116.3310.45157.047191.94723.0769200326000.04243067.698130.0140.50195.021195.02115.45542800174000.03213312.606106.1890.55347.503284.321下=/皿;M
40、AL=Vik(l-y)h1.5 水平地震作用下梁端弯矩按下式计算= K /(K +K2). MB = (c) x /BlNb2 KB2,(KBl +K2). Mb2 = (c上+江) 2 9表5-10水平地震作用下梁端弯矩层边轴中轴也上此下M BC此上小即2M BCCD670.3176.954170.317103.80734.6020.5060.49452.52651.281593.44731.1491100.401145.06578.1120.5060.49490.91288.7554106.46057.3251137.609176.023117.3490.5060.494128.592125.5433116.90277.9351174.