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1、高考核心语法知识点精练16(英语句子成分)1 .has recently been done to provide more buses, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.A.ThatB.WhatC.In spite of whatD.Though what.The purpose of the research project has a more different meaning for them than.A.that for usB.it has for usC.it did for usD.it did
2、 for oursToscanini was born in Italy in 1867.A.He was a great conductorB.A great conductorC.A great conductor who wasD.Though a great conductor4 .The employee you had thought highlydishonest.A.of provingB.of provedC.of to proveD.of being proved.There. And here.A.goes the phone; she comes.B.is the ph
3、one going; is sheC.does the phone go; does she comeD.the phone goes; come she5 .General Eisenhower once told his soldiers that what not necessarily the size of the dog in thefight-its the size of the fight in the dog.A.is countedB.counts isC.is counted isD.to count is.His strong sense of humor was m
4、ake everyone in the room burst out laughing.A.so as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such that6 .1s this school we visited 3 years ago?选Ao6.B【解析】考查时态和句子成分。句意:Eisenhower将军曾经告诉他的士兵们,决定这仗输赢的 不一定是打仗的狗的块头,而是这一仗在它心中的份量。分析句子可知,狗的块头不重要,not necessarily已经有否认,横线处应该填“重要的/起作用的是,count意为“起作用的,并和what 为被动关系。what is counted为
5、主语从句。应选B项。7.B【解析】考查固定短语。句意:他如此幽默,全屋的人都被他逗乐了。此处在be动词后应是表 语,such as to do或者such as that“到如此程度,如此以至于(正式或文学用语)可以作 表语。A项so as to只能作目的状语,不能作表语;C/D项引导结果状语从句。应选B。【名师点睛】做此题时,要抓住横线后动词make是动词原型,而非句子,故可以排除C、D两项;so as to”为的 是;是为了;以便的意思,与其后的动词原形一起作目的状语,用来强调目的,故也可以排除。 such as to 的用法再举一例:His manner was such as to o
6、ffend nearly everyone he met.他的举止几乎冒 犯了所有他认识的人。8.D【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这所学校是我们三年前参观的那所吗?分析句子可知,主句中 缺少表语the school,故应用the one来代指。应选D。9.B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她的父亲以第一批孩子的名字给她和她的兄弟起名字,这加 剧了他们之间的紧张气氛。that引导同位语从句在名词fact之后解释说明fact一词。动名词短语 adding to the tension 作主语。应选 B。10C【解析】考查简单句和时态。句意:然后他把自己关在房间里,不让任何人靠近他,准备单独 工作。此处
7、let与上文shut和后文got构成并列谓语,且都为一般过去时,let的过去式为let。应选 Co11.B【解析】考查句子结构。句意:电报的创造使信息在几秒钟内传送到世界各地成为可能。分析 可知,句中缺少谓语和宾语补足语,句式结构应为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,因此原句应是: The invention of telegram made the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds possible.因本句中宾语连带它的修饰语较长,而宾补较短时,为了平衡句子结构,就把宾 补提到宾语之前,
8、从而构成位置变异句式:主语+谓语+宾补+宾语。应选B项。【点睛】 复合宾语的两个组成局部在意义上是一种逻辑上的“主谓关系,宾语补足语简称为宾补)说明 宾语所表示的人或物的属类、性质、状态等。宾补在句中的位置是相对固定的,单个跟在名词前, 多个放在句尾。但由于种种原因,宾补的这种相对固定的位置有时也会发生变异。例如此题属于宾 补的位置变异的句型结构:主语+谓语+宾补+宾语。即The invention of telegram made the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds possib
9、le.由于宾语的修饰语过长而将宾语放 在宾语补足语 possible 之后,从而变成:The invention of telegram made possible the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.12.B【解析】考查定语从句和代词用法。句意:金融危机以及它所带来的灾难对整个世界造成了很 大影响。整个句子的主语是the financial crisis and the suffering, the suffering后面引导一个定语从句。 定语从句先行词是the sufferi
10、ng,在定语从句里充当的是cause这个词的宾语,用which或that,可以 省略。而主语其实是the financial crisis,但是为了防止重复,在定语从句里用代词“it来替代“the financial crisiso所以整个定语从句真正缺少的是句子的主语“it,应选B。13 .C【解析】考查主谓一致和句型。句意:尤其是随着新电脑程序的开展,音乐的复制和盗版软件 更为普遍。本句是倒装句,the copying of music and the pirating of software是句子并列的两个主语, 根据Even more widespread可知,空格处用系动词,主语是复
11、数,所以用are,应选C。14 .C【解析】考查代词。句意:我的父亲声名在外,但又不是众所周知。这就是养育我的父亲。此 处是if引导的条件状语从句,主句缺少主语,所以空格处用that做整个主句的主语。应选C。15 .D【解析】考查倒装句。句意:进攻来得太突然,敌人来不及逃跑。在sothat结构中,有时 要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首,so后 面的句子要使用局部倒装。sudden是形容词,应该与be动词搭配使用,且时态为一般过去时,故 应将was提前。应选D。16 .D【解析】考查句子结构分析。句意:突然,一个驾着金色马车的高个子男人抓住女孩,
12、把她带 走,消失在树林里。主语是atallman, driving是现在分词作后置定语,所以后面缺谓语动词,且 空格处与took是并列的谓语动词,故用seized,排除A、C;这个男人抓走了女孩,随后消失在树 丛中。所以disappear是人消失在树丛中,是主动的,所以用disappearing表示伴随状态,排除B。 故答案为D。17 .C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:你告诉我们的事使我们感到很有趣。分析句子可知,by为介 词后接句子作宾语。宾语从句中what作told的直接宾语,所以连接词为whato应选C项。18 .C【解析】考查一般现在时。句意:因为它们都是手工制作的,每一个在形状上都稍有
13、不同。这 是一个由as引导的原因状语从句,分析主句可知,句子缺谓语动词,所以空格处应填动词。故排 除A (various不同的,形容词)与D fvariety不同种类,多种式样名词)。从句使用的一般现在 时,根据句意,空格处也应使用一般现在时。应选C。19 .D【解析】考查时态。句意:我的字典丢了。我到处找它,但仍然没找到。lose是个及物动词, 如果要表示某物丧失了,只能用被动语态。A项与C项使用的都是其主动形式。missing是形容词, 其词义是:lost; not to be found (丧失了的),据此,第一空缺处应填入is missing。根据语境,第二 个空缺处应填使用现在完成时
14、的否认形式,因为它可以表示目前还未发生的动作。应选D。20 .C【解析】考查并列句。句意:他深爱着他的父母,他们都对他很好。分析句子可知,这是and 并列的两个句子,故无需连词,且第二个句子中缺主语,应选C。21 .C【解析】考查句子结构。句意:告诉过他很屡次了,但他仍然不能理解它。根据语境中的连词 but可知,B项错误,因为在英语的表达习惯中,关联词不成对使用;同时根据并列连词but之后 的句子可知,前面是完整句子,排除非谓语动词A/D。应选C。22 .A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他是大家尊敬的人。分析句子可知,空格处作表语,后面是定 语从句,所以空格处是定语从句中的先行词,根据语境,指t
15、he person,其他词并不能作先行词, 先行词在从句中作宾语,关系词that可以省略,完整的句子为:He is the person that everyone respects.o 应选A项。23 .B【解析】考查时态。句意:国家女排在奥运会上夺得冠军的消息迅速传遍全国。分析句子可知, 国家女排赢得冠军发生在信息传播国内之前,消息传播word got round quickly用过去时,那么过去 的过去应用过去完成had done结构。应选B项。24.C【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我在课堂上提到的最有名的一章是?植物的奇异世界?。分析句 子结构可知,本空为句子主语,且表示“最有名的章节,
16、应选C。25.C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:现在越来越多的学生直接在网上学习,网络提供了不同类型的 课程。分析句子结构可知本句是一个定语从句,先行词是the Internet,后面的定语从句结构很完整, 使用关系副词where引导定语从句。所以判断划线局部是做定语成分,修饰Internet,所以选C项。26.C【解析】考查句子结构。句意:普通人会发现很难去想象米开朗基罗在四年内经历了什么困难 和孤独的工作。动词find后面有一个不定式短语to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard works
17、充当宾语,hard是宾语补足语,it作形式宾语,所以划线局部充当宾语 的成分。故C项正确。27.B【解析】考查句子成分。句意:你看别人的方式不会给他们留下好印象。分析句子结构可知, The way作主语,定语从句you look at people作定语修饰The way (the way作先行词在定语从句中 作状语时,引导词可以是that, in which或省略),doesnt give作谓语,them作间接宾语,a good impression作直接宾语,故D项正确。28.B【解析】考查形容词。句意:John给了 Mary许多新的书。修饰名词books,所以作定语,选 Bo.A【解析】
18、句意:他在这个房间里工作。in the room在句子中作地点状语,所以选A。29 .D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:周四还是周五适合你? 任何一天都可以。fit主 要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合。suit那么主要指款式或花色等方面的适合,还可以用来谈 论某种安排和情况是否方便,故第一个空应用suit。do可用作不及物动词,意为“适宜。all right 和ok不能做谓语,要构成前面应有be动词。综上,D选项正确。30 .A【解析】试题分析:考查代词:这里sufferings后面的定语从句实际上把连接词省略了,如果 只填连接词,那么定语从句内部就没有了主语,这个句子实际缺的是定语从句的“
19、主语,句意: 永远不要忘记战争和战争给人们带来的痛苦。指代thewar,用it代替。选A。31 .A【解析】考查动词短语。句意:十年前建的桥连接大陆与岛屿。根据句子可知,句中缺少谓语 动词,connect sth to sth表示“把和连接起来“。应选A。32 .D【解析】试题分析:考查非谓语动词和谓语。句意:突然一个骑摩托车的人抓住这个女孩的包, 拿走,消失在黑夜中。根据句中前一空为谓语动词,故用过去时,后一空为非谓语动词,现在分词 与逻辑主语之间的关系为主动关系,应选D项。33 .D【解析】试题分析:句意:他病了好长时间,但他尽力赶上同学们。句中有but,所以前后句 意思是转折的,A、C不
20、能构成句子;B项中Though和后面的but是不能同时用的,应选D.35.B【解析】 试题分析:我们一直期待的聚会结果令人很失望。we had been looking forward to为定语局部,视 为插入语,不影响turn out的时态。turn out结果是,证明是。turn up调大,出现;应选B。36.A【解析】试题分析:考查句子结构。本句中动词open, hold和go是三个并列的动词,三个动 作相继发生,所以都使用一般过去时。句意:他翻开门,脱掉衣服,走进厨房。故A正确。37.A【解析】试题分析:句意:司机在事故中受伤非常严重,被立即送完往医院。So引导的倒装 句结构是:So
21、 +adj/adv+助动词+S。应选A项。38.A【解析】试题分析:句意:每个人都可以相信,有了这些可靠的措施这种事不会再发生了。句 中第一个it是形式宾语,that引导宾语从句后面是真正的宾语。应选A.39.B【解析】试题解析:分析句子结构,可知句子的空格中应填一个代词,应选B。句意:那个年轻的男人在公园里等而且在大约半个小时后那个女孩终于来了。40.B【解析】分析句子,第二个空格必定是要充当handbag的补足语;由于lie与handbag之间是 主动关系,故用lie的现在分词形式,可排除AC两项。与此同时,由于本句中有连词and,可知 第三个空格应该用谓语动词。综上所述,可知选B。句意:
22、听了这个消息,她毫不犹豫地冲了出去, 把她的手提袋放在沙发上,消失在远方了。41.B【解析】试题分析:考查代词用法。此题中的that指代上文出现的可数名词单数或者不可数名 词;此题指代可数名词单数dictionary,后面必须有定语修饰,表示特指;复数形式为those。句意: 这本字典至少是你从图书馆里借的字典的三倍厚。One指代可数名词单数形式,表示泛指;it指代 上文出现的同一事物。故B正确。42 .A【解析】试题分析:考查系表结构。固定系表结构fall silence陷入沉默。其中的fall是系动词。 句意:当观众等待喜剧演员登台的时候,他们陷入沉默。故A正确。43 .C【解析】试题分析
23、:考查代词。上句:你觉得我们食堂的饭菜和效劳怎么样?下句:它们比过 去的好。they指代食堂的饭菜,应选C。44 .A【解析】试题分析:考查定语从句。句意:实话实说,这次事故和造成的损失让我如此恐惧以 至于我几乎要从此放弃开车了。the damages是先行词,what不能引导定语从句;根据句意可知, 应该是事故造成了损失,caused后缺少宾语,即damages,说明定语从句需要用which或that作宾 语,且作宾语时可省略。这里省略了关系代词which或that,定语从句本身缺少主语,指代前面提到的accident用it,应选Ao45 .C【解析】试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。句意:
24、事实是他没有说任何令大家惊奇的事。整体是宾语从 句,用that引导,从句的过去完成时的否认形式,应选C。46 .C【解析】试题分析:考查分析句子。句意:随着时间的推移,被坚持的方案被证明相当实用。 此题为省略which/that的定语从句,proved是the plan的谓语,stick to的宾语是which/that, prove 在这里是证明是;结果是;事实说明”的意思,用作连系动词,主动表被动,选A.A【解析】试题分析:考查指示代词的选用。none前有并列连词but,不是考查定语从句,只能 用them指代前面的他们。句意:他们都对河边新建的公寓很感兴趣,但是目前还没有人想要去买。 根据
25、句意可判断其它3项与题意不符,应选A。47 .D【解析】试题解析:考察虚拟语气与it强调句型。在it强调句型中形式主语一定为it,故第一 空为it, suggestion建议,其后的宾语从句需要使用虚拟语气,肯定形式为should do/do,否认形式 should not do/not do,故此处应填should take或take;最后一空but引导的完整的句子缺乏主语, 故填it。应选D。48 .C【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:在公共图书馆里,人们可以接触到英国出现的任何一本书。分 析句子成分,whatever book in Britain是宾语从句,whatever book是从句主
26、语,此处作从句谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。whatever引导的是一个完整的从句;如 果把此处理解为定语从句,那么应该将whatever省去。应选C。49 .A【解析】试题分析:句意:亨利把所有可能的方案列了一个表,然而没有一个对解决现在的情 况有帮助。没有be动词不是定语从句,而且因为在后一句的末尾有连接词though,因此两句都是 完整的分句,不需要用从句形式。根据句意都没有用,应选A。50 .C【解析】试题分析:考查句子结构。句意:在开会期间,一个年轻人叫喊着把笔记本扔向主席, 这使屋子里面秩序混乱。根据前面的逗号,可以用定语从句,which来引导,或加连词 再加代
27、词, 应选C项。51 .B【解析】试题分析:考查主谓一致。句意:他们每个人都有一本新字典。each在此是they的 同位语,主语they表示复数,排除A、C;选D项的话,句子翻译为“它们都是一本新字典,主 语是复数,而表语是单数,语意不正确,排除D,应选B。53 .A【解析】试题分析:考查名词。句意:他对于知识的渴望十分的迫切。根据句意选A项。54 .B【解析】试题分析:考查并列句。关键的是连词but第一句有连词,所以后面也应该是一句完 整的话。句意:我父亲给我买了几本书,但没有一本有趣。故B正确。55 .D【解析】考查句式。该题将直接引语变成相应的间接引语。在将can, could等引导的表
28、示委 婉请求的疑问句变为间接引语时,应使用ask sb (not) to do sth.结构,而不应该按照一般疑问句的 变法来变间接引语。故该题的正确答案为D.56 .C【解析】试题分析:句意:我们永远不要忘记它给我们国家带来的和平和幸福。分析句子结构 可知, brought to our country为定语从句,修饰先行词happinesso先行词在定语从句中充当 brought的宾语。所以关系词可以用that、which,并且可以省略。从句还缺少主语,选项中能充当 主语的代词只有it。what作为连接代词用在名词性从句中。应选C。57 .C【解析】试题分析:考查从句和并列句。前句有主谓宾
29、,构成完整的句子,后句有谓语brought 故后句要么用连词构成并列句,要么用关联词领导从句。假设构成并列句,用and,另缺主语,用 that指代前面整个句子;假设构成非限制性定语从句,直接用which即可,句意:会中一位年轻男 人突然大叫并且把他的笔记本扔向马英九,这使得房间陷入混乱。应选C.C【解析】考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。do you suppose是插入语,who引导的是suppose的宾 语从句,who作宾语从句中wants的宾语,宾语从句缺少主语,所以用she作主语;cinema和build 之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词built作后置定语。所以选C。58 .A【解析】考察代词
30、。句意:买一个大包很明智,因为最终算下来大包廉价很多。It指代上文提 及的同一事物,this这个;one同类不同物,泛指一个;they他们。空白处所填词应指代上文中的 a large packeto 故 A 正确。59 .B【解析】试题分析:考查状语从句。这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句,因为有if引导从句, 后面应该是一个简单句做主句,不再需要连词,应选B。A.thatB.whereC.whichD.the one.that her father has named her and her brothers after his first set of children.A.To the t
31、ension is adding the factB.Adding to the tension is the factC.The fact is adding to the tensionD.Adding to the fact is the tension9 .He then shut himself up in the room,nobody come near him, and got ready to work alone.A.lettingB.to letC.letD.being let.The invention of telegram the transmission of m
32、essages to any part of the world within afew seconds.A.made it possibleB.made possibleC.made possibleD.made it possibly.The financial crisis(危机)and the suffering has caused have a great influence on the wholeworld.Even more widespread the copying of music and the pirating of software, especially wit
33、h thedevelopment of new computer programs.If its possible to be famous and yet not really well known,describes the father who raised me.o sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.A.the attack didB.did the attackC.the attack wasD.was the attackuddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl
34、 and took her away,into thewoods.A.seizing; disappearedB.seized; disappearedC.seizing; disappearingD.seized; disappearing17 .We were greatly amused by.A.what you have told usB.which you had told usC.what you told usD.that you told us18 .As theyre handmade, each one slightly in shape. My dictionary.
35、I have looked for it everywhere but still it.A.has lost; do not findB.is missing ; do not findC.has lost; have not foundD.is missing ; have not found19 .He loves his parents deeply, and are very kind to him.A.both of whomB.both of whoC.both of themD.both of that.many times, but he still couldnt unde
36、rstand it.A.Having been toldB .Though he had been toldC.He had been toldD.Having told20 .He is everyone respects.Word got round quickly throughout the country that the national womens volleyball team the championship in the Olympic Games.A.will wonB.had wonC.wonD.has wonI referred to in class is the
37、 weird world of plants.A.Knowing to be the best chapterB.Known as the best chapterC.The best-known chapterD.To know it as the best chapter25 .Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied.What is the sentence elements(句子成分)of the un
38、derlined words?A.adverbial 状语B plement 补语C.attributive 定语D.appositive 同位语26 .Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four yeais of hard works.What is the sentence elements(句子成分)of the underlined words?A.subjects 主语B.predicate t胃语C.object 宾语D.pred
39、icative 表语1.1 1dentify sentence elements in the following sentences:The wayyou look at peopledoesnt givethema good impressionA.S. SC.V. O. OCB.S. Attr.V. Oi. OdC. S.SC.V. Oi. OdD.S. Attr. V. O. OC.John gave Mary many new books.A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补28 .He is working in the room.A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补29 .Will Th
40、ursday or Friday you ? Either will.A.fit; beB.fit; OKC.suit; all rightD.suit; do.Never should we forget the war and sufferings caused to the people.30 .The bridge built ten years ago the island the mainland.A.connects; toB.connecting; withC.is connected; toD.connected; by.Suddenly, a man driving a m
41、otor car the girls bag and took it away,into thedarkness.A.seizing , disappearedB.seized, disappearedC.seizing, disappearingD.seized, disappearing34 .for a long time, but he tried his best to catch up with his classmates.A.Having been illB.Though he was illC.Being illD.He was ill35 .The party we had
42、 been looking forward to to be a great disappointment.A.turned upB.turned outC.turning upD.turning out36 .He opened the door,off his coat and went into the kitchen.So seriously in the accident that the driver was sent to hospital at once.A.was he injuredB.he was injuredC.did he injureD.he did injure
43、38 .Everyone may depend on wont happen again with these reassuring measures.A.it that itB.that .The young man waited in the park and after seemed half an hour the girl finally came.40.On hearing the news, she rushed out without hesitation,her handbag on the sofaand in the distance.A.left; lied; disa
44、ppearedB.leaving; lying; disappearedC.leaving; laying; disappearedD.left; lying; disappearing41 .This dictionary is at least three times as thick asyou borrowed from the library.The audience as they waited for the comedian to come on the stage.A.fell silenceB.fell silentC.fall silentlyD.feel silent4
45、2 .-How do you like the food and service in our canteen?-Much better than used to be.To tell you the truth, the accident and the damages caused frightened me so much that I almostgave up driving ever since.The fact she had not said anything all of us.A.what; surprisedB.what; was surprisedC.that; sur
46、prisedD.that; was surprised44 . As time went by, the plan fairly practical.A.to provedB.to provingC.provedD.to be proved45 .They are all interested in the newly-built apartments along the river, but really want to buyany yet.A.none of themB.none of whatC.none of whomD.none of which46 .is our strong
47、suggestion that he a holiday, but doesnt help.A.As; takes; whichB.As; should take; itC.It; takes; whichD.lt; take; it47 .1n a public library one has access to whatever book in Britain.A.appearingB .having appearedC.appearsD.that appears.Henry made a list of all the possible solutions,helpful in hand
48、ling the present situation, though.A.none of themB.none of whichC.all of whichD.all of them50 .During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman, brought the room to disorder.A.itB.and whichC.and thatD.this.They each a new dictionary.for knowledge is very strong.A.His eagernessB.His eagerC.He is eagerD.That his being eager51 .My father bought me several books, but was interesting.A.most of themB.none of themC.none of whichD.neither of which52 .“Could you please show me how to send an e-mail? he asked.