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1、2022年北京网络职业学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【填句补文】its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age
2、and divorcing more often.A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays.B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C、 It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正确答案】B
3、【答案解析】前句中提至经济独立有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的 妇女有好的工作，增加了单身的人数与前句内容正好呼应。第2题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near th
4、e impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that is ball lightning.A、occurs most infrequentlyB、is shifted sideways by strong windsC is often hidden from our viewD、is estimated at 20 millions a yeardiseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency
5、 of.A、industrially polluted soilsB、the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第21题【单项选择题】【阅读
6、选择】Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the aft
7、ernoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharp hours.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will.A、help to keep your energy for the days workB、help you to control your temper early in the dayC、enable you to concentrate on your routine workD、keep your
8、energy cycle under control all day【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题问的是因果关系。回答这一问题的关键是看懂本段的第二句和 其他句子的联系。首先要注意这一段的第一句Get off to a slow start which saves your energy,也就是说早上慢慢起床可以节省能量。紧接该句的三个句子都是 慢慢起床的具体做法。因此选项A是正确答案。第22题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,10 research has thro
9、wn doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their
10、 school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Main Results of Recent ResearchesB、Popular Doubt about the New ViewC、Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD、Impact on Sc
11、hool Education【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段提出了一个新的对智力的认识，与过去一些年的传统的把智力 看做是一种不变的能力的这种理解不同，它主张智力和人的成长环境有关。因此 选择Co第23题【单项选择题】It is difficult to the implication between the lines.A、get toB get withC、get atD、get down【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查关于get的词组辨析。A开始，接触C找出，发现D下 来，写下来。第24题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】When I graduated from high school, my
12、 family had a business so I never thought about getting a college degree. I went straight from my high school11 graduation to work for my father. After 24 years of ups and downs （mostly downs）, I decided that I wanted to return to school and earn a degree in Business Administration.Why didnt the aut
13、hor go on with education after graduating from high school?A、 To help her father with business.B、 To escape from school life.C、 To experience social life early.D、To achieve her dream.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。该题目主要考查考生对文章主人公相关细 节的了解。根据题干内容，此细节定位于文章本段讲述自己高中毕业后经历的部 分。文中讲到当我高中毕业时，爸爸正在做生意。所以我压根没有考虑过继续 获得大
14、学学位的事情，毕业后直接转向为爸爸工作可判断A选项与原文句意 一致。第25题【单项选择题】【I阅读声U断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： ”How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选Co题目说的是
15、这五位百岁老人生活在一个非常友好的社 区”，文章开头局部提到了community（社区），但该句并没有说这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第26题【单项选择题】【I阅读芈U断】Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has12 been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.Q: The Riv
16、er Wensum flows by Norwich.A、TrueB、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。答题依据在第二句，Norwich是River Wensum旁边的一 个小村庄，就说明了 River Wensum流经Norwicho第27题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】As far as astronomers （天文学家）can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same
17、laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in di
18、fferent parts of the universeA、obeys different laws.B、obeys one common law.C、obeys the same laws.D、obeys no common law.【正确答案】c【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第二句。科学家没有理由怀疑宇宙中的物质遵循 同一法那么，即他们相信宇宙中不同地方的物质是遵循同一法那么的。第28题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion
19、of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as13 effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB、Accounting for the K
20、illing Power of Older EruptionsC、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD、A Mass Extinction【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段第一句话是说:Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes.； Wignall计算了这些火山的“灭绝效率 ；其中killing efficiency与 killing Power意思差不多，属于同义词转换，因此选择B或C,但是account for意 思是：（在数量方面）占；说明（原因
21、等）不符合句意，因此不选择B。第29题【单项选择题】2010.04 In order to follow fashions, the girl has to great discomforts.A、catch up withB、put up withC、keep up withD、fall in with【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。【译文】为了跟随时尚，这个女孩不得不忍受 极度地不舒适。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，赶上。keep up with： 和保持联系。fall in with：偶然遇到，赞同。第30题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The
22、modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label low IQ which must inevita
23、bly condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can14 teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph isA、Impact on School EducationB、A Changed View of Intelligenc
24、eC、Main Results of Recent ResearchesD、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题使用了同义词替换的选择技巧，段落中主要讲述的是智力本质 的现代简洁必定会对学校教育产生影响(bound to have some effect on our school system.),选项A中只是将名词effect换为impact。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. T
25、he more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out ju
26、dgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsi
27、ble for imposing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is.A、to control violence within a societyB、to protect the world from chaosC to free society from the idea of revengeD、to give the government absolute power【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段的第一句话 The violence within a society is contr
28、olled through15institutions of law是此题的答案。第32题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion （拥 挤）,gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.Q: Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given
29、【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。问题句说“爱尔兰的生活费用高。该段说“尽管气候恶劣， 健康机构混乱，交通拥挤，性别歧视仍然存在，生活费用高，爱尔兰所获得的分 数仍然给人留下了深刻的印象：总分值为十分，爱尔兰获得了 8.33分。根据这个 句子的内容可以知道“爱尔兰的生活费用高，因此问题句的说法与原文的说法一 致。第33题【单项选择题】2009.10 Poor speaker of English though he was at the time, he still managed to make himself.A、understandB、understoodC、understanding
30、D、to understand【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查语法。那个时候虽然他说英语说得不好，但仍然可以让别 人听懂。非谓语动词的选用。过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动以及动作的完成。第34题【单项选择题】162008.04 It has been found that a strong help overcome the effects of distraction.A、interruptionB motivationC、evaluationD、destination【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。A.打搅、中；断 B.动机、诱因；C. 评估、评价；D.目的地、终点。整句话
31、的意思是：人们发现一个很强的动机 可以帮助克服干扰物的影响。第35题【单项选择题】2010.04 By the end of next year the bridge.A、is to completeB、has been completedC、will be completedD、will have been completed【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】到明年年底之前，这座桥修建将完成。【试题分析】此题 考查语法。【详细解答】动词时态。by the end of至IJ时为止；在之前。将来 完成时态，用于表达在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作。第36题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】The ot
32、her side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply
33、 a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and17 supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance” is closest in meaning to.A、loyaltyB、objectiveC、survivalD、motive【正确答案】A【答案解析】解此题可用同类词关
34、系进行判断。在“allegiance前后的两个词分别 是commitment和sacrifice,应能判断出这三个词相对于国家而言是同一类词， 再利用排除法，不难选出正确答案A。第37题【单项选择题】2009.04 I/ve got the order from the boss that the work finished before5 p.m. today.A、would beB、beC、will have beenD、could be【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词从句中的虚拟语气。译文:我已经从老板那得到指令， 这项工作在今天下午五点钟之前要完成。详细解答：that引导同位语从
35、句，说明 order的内容。同时从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形的形式， should可以省略。第38题【单项选择题】the staff to work hard.2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed toA、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate18【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第39题【单项选择题】阅读选择In a special report on canc
36、er and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、 Greater probability of having other diseases.C、D
37、ifferences in the biology of the cancer.D、Early diagnosis.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, 与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。第40题【单项选择题】I should have preferred him to it in a different way.A、doB、doingC、 doneD、having done【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查prefer的用法。prefer sb to do sth：宁愿某人做某事
38、。第41题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother told us, My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate 19【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字与题目相关的句子是：Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball., 关键词
39、是 rarest （rare的最高级形式）与infrequently很少发生，少有表达相同的意思。第3题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.
40、m. made no diff ere nee.You are advised to read something before youA、find the topic sentencesB、find out the new wordsC、keep reading fastD、go to bed every day【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段提到一位著名的医生不管晚上睡得多晚，都要花15分钟读点 东西，那已经成为习惯。所以此题说在你干什么之前，建议你读点东西，从选 项中看只有D项合适。第4题【单项选择题】2009.04 When you know Bob better, you will l
41、ike him.A go toB、got toC、went toD、get to【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文：当你更加了解鲍勃时，你将会喜欢他的。试题分析：此题考 查主将从现。回详细解答：根据主将从现的原那么，主句用了一般将来时，时间状2school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning/ However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious
42、value of the food. She said JMy daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches/Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A、 Katz thinks chips are good for his kids.B、 Susans daugh
43、ter likes eating sandwiches.C、Cathy may have at least three children.D、 Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选Co细节查找并简单推断题。从本段，特别是I make 3 packed lunches every morning可知Cathy有三个孩子在上学，有没有不上学的孩子不得 而知，应选项C为最正确选项。其他三项均与原文意思不符。第42题【单项选择题】阅读选择But even if every large city purified and reused its w
44、ater, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh wat
45、er byA、 heating it up.B、treating it with chemicals.C、 taking salt out of it.D、 drying it up.【正确答案】c【答案解析】海水之所以不能饮用就是因为它是咸的。答题依据是本段的remove the salt 即 take salt out。20第43题【单项选择题】2010.04 Even after decades of the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、c
46、ommunication【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】尽管已经分别了几十年，这两兄弟都是立刻认出了对方。【试题分析】此题考查词汇。【详细解答】名词的词义选取。第44题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lyin
47、g coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.B What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?C Theyre like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D、 But life on the Caribbean
48、 Islands is not always paradise.【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西 洋的其他局部分开。答案是C,因为它的第一个词是They,该词指The Caribbean Islands；而且在语义上也有很好的衔接。第45题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown before running for the presidency.A、visibly21B、visuallyC、verticallyD、virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人士。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立