《英美文学选读简答题和话题讨论.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学选读简答题和话题讨论.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Chapter 2 The Neoclassic Period1. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movementin 18th century Europe.List at least 3 leading enlighteners in England.What are the important thing those enlighterners celebrated in this movement?启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一个进步的知识分子运动。在英国列出至少3个主要的启发者。在这场运动中，那些被照亮的人最重要的是 什
2、么？Daniel Defoe,Samual Richards on,Henry Fielding,Oliver Goldsmith.They are the prominent figures in developing the modern English movel,which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.This is the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English liter
3、ature in the 18th century.他们是发展现代英语语言的杰出人物，为普通英国人的生活提供了现实的展示。这是18世纪英国文学发展史上最重要的一种现象.2. What is the belieft of the neoclassicists about literature?新古典主义者关于文学的信仰是什么？According to the neoclassicists,all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classic works of the ancient Greeek and Roman writer
4、s and those of the contemporary French ones.They believed that the artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy,a nd that literature should be judged in terms of its service to huma nity根据新古典主义者的说法，所有的文学形式都是仿照古代希腊文和罗马作家的经典著作和同时代的法国作家的作品。他们认为艺术理想 应该是秩序，逻辑，克制的情感和准确性，文学应该根据对人性的
5、服务来判断.3. According to the neoclassicists,what are the standards for literature during the neoclassical period?根据新古典主义的说法，新古典主义时期文学的标准是什么？Neoclassicists had fixed rules for almost every genre of literature:Prose should be precise,direct,smooth and flexible;Poetry should be lyrical,epical,didactic,sat
6、iric or dramatic,and each class should be guided by its own principles;Drama should be written in the heroic couplets,the Three Unities should be strictly observed,regularity in con structi on should be adhereed to,a nd the typical characters rather than individuals should be represented.新占典主义者对几乎每种
7、文学体裁都有固定的规则：散文应该准确、直接、光滑和灵活，诗歌应该是抒情，英勇的，说教的，讽刺的或戏剧性的，和每一个类应该遵循自己的原贝U；戏剧应该 写在英雄的对联中，应该严格遵守三个原则，在建设中应遵循规律，典型的人物而非个人应该被描绘出来。4. As a rule,a n allegory is story in verse or prose with a double mea ning:a surface meaning,a nd an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory us
8、ually concerned with by its implied meaning?作为 一个规则，寓言是在诗或散文中有双重含义的故事:一个表面的意思，一个隐含的意思。列举两个作品作为寓言的例子。寓言通常指的 它的隐含意义是什么？John Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress and Spensers The Faerie Queene.B. For the benefifof exercise,Oliver was whipped every morning in a stone yard;for the pleasure of the society,he was
9、 carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged as a public warning and example to the boys;and as for the advantage of religious consolation,he was kicked into the apartment every evening at prayer time and listened to the boys Emily Bronte used a very complicated narrative technique in w
10、riting her novel Wuthering Heights.Try to tell Brontes way of narration briefly.Emily Bronte在她的小说呼啸山庄中使用了 一种非常复杂的叙事技巧。简单陈述她的叙述方式。A. Emily Bronte stars the story from towards the end when Heathcleff is master of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and little Cathy and Harenton are still in
11、his clutch,a nd the n goes back to the very beginning and moves back and forth as the occasion requires.B. Most of the story is told by Nelly,Catherines old nurse,to Mr. Lockwood,a temporary tenant at Thrushcross Gran ge-C. Part of it is told by Mr.Lockwood himself,and part through Catherines diary
12、and Isabellas letters to Nelly.A艾米莉勃朗特在希斯克利夫成为呼啸山庄和画眉田庄的主人后，小凯西哈利顿都还在他的山庄里的时候开始了这个故事， 然后又回到了开头，根据情节在这两个场合中来回切换。B大多数故事都是由凯瑟琳的老护士耐莉告诉洛克伍德先生的，他是画眉山庄的临时房客。 C一部分是洛克伍德先生自己写的，一部分是通过凯瑟琳的日记和伊莎贝拉写给耐莉的信。 pray to be guarded against his sins and vices.C. The ironic statement is,in fact,a bitter denunciation and
13、fierce attack at the brutal,inhuman treatment of the poor orphan by the workhouse authority.A这句话是讽刺的典型例子。狄更斯想说的只是句子字面意思的对立面。B锻炼的好处，是，奥利弗每天早上在石头院子里被鞭打；社会的快乐，是他每隔一天被拉进食堂鞭打作为其他男孩的公共警告和 反例;至于宗教慰藉的优势，每天晚上祈祷的时候，他被踢进公寓，听着男孩祈祷要提防他的罪恶。C讽刺的是，事实上，这是- 种激烈的谴责和猛烈的攻击，是由济贫院的权威对可怜的孤儿的残酷无情的对待。5J n Chapter 15 of Wuthe
14、ring Heights,Heathcliff said to Catherine: why did you betray your own heart,Cathy?.You loved me-then what right have you t o leave me?. J have not broken your heart-you have broken it-and in breaking it.you have broken mine.”Taiki ng the whole no vel into con sideration,do you think Heathcliffs abo
15、ve accusati on of Catheri nes betryal can be justified?lf you think so,what reasons does Catherin have to betray Heathcliff and their love ?在呼啸山庄第十五章，希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳说：“你为什么要出卖自己的心呢，凯蒂？你爱我，那么你有什么权利离开我？我 没有伤你的心一一你把它打破了一一打破了它，你把我的心都碎了。把整木小说都考虑进去，你认为希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的贝特拉尔的指控是合理的吗？如果你认为是这样，那么卡瑟林为什么要背 叛希刺克厉夫和他们的爱呢？A. H
16、eathcliffs accusation can be justified.B. The reasons of her betrayal may be:a, The fancy she felt for Linton,that is,she was attracted by Lintons pleasant personality,his rich knowledge,and his elegant manners.b, Her vain glory made her desire a kind of upper-class life and social status.c, She was
17、 afraid that she might suffer poverty and be degraded if she had got married to Heathcliff.d, She fancied if she got married to Linton,she might have the means to helf Heathci 肝 in getting a good education and becoming a gentleman so that they could be united without being degraded.A希刺克厉夫的指控处有道理的。Bo
18、她背叛的原因可能是：a,她对林顿的喜欢，是被林顿愉她的性格、丰富的知识和文雅的风度所吸引。b,她的虚荣使她渴望一种上流社会的生活和社会地位。c,她害怕她会因为嫁给希刺克厉夫而遭受贫穷和降低身份。d,如果她嫁给了林顿，她可能会有办法让希斯克利夫接受良好的教育，使他成为一名绅士，这样他们就可以在身份不被贬低 的情况下在一起。6.Brownings style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets.His poetic style belongs to the 20th century rather than to the
19、Victorian age.What is the art of his poems?勃朗宁的风格与其他维多利亚时代的诗人截然不同。他的诗歌风格属于20世纪，而不是维多利亚时代。他诗歌的艺术是什么？A. In his poems,Browning choose a dramatic moment or a crisis,in which his characters are made to talk about their lives and about their minds and hearts.B. Brownings poetry is not easy to read.His rhy
20、thms are often too fast,too rough and unmusical.The syntax is usually clipped and highly compressed.The similes and il lust rati ons appear to profusely.C. The allusions and implications are sometimes odd and far-fetched.AII this makes up his obscurity.D. There are abundant metaphors in his poems.a在
21、他的诗歌中，勃朗宁选择r 个戏剧性的时刻或场危机，在这个过程中，他的角色被用来谈论他们的生活，以及他们的思 想和心灵。Bo勃朗宁的诗歌读起来不容易。他的节奏常常太快，太粗糙，不合调。语法通常是省略和高度压缩的。明喻和例证显得很丰富。C典故和暗示有时是古怪而牵强的。这一切都使他变得晦涩。D他的诗歌中有丰富的隐喻。7. The following quotation is the ending of a poem by Robert Browning:“Nay,well go/Together down.sir.Notice Neptune.though,/Taming a sea horse,t
22、hough a rarity,/Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!What is the title of the poem? Who is the speaker?What is the importance of the allusion Neptune./Taming a sea horse in the whole poem?下面的引文是罗伯特布朗宁的一首诗的结尾：“别客气，让我们一起下楼,先生。但请看这海神在驯服一匹海马，虽然这是罕见的收藏品，是克劳斯为我特别制造的青铜铸像。这首诗的标题是什么？说话的人是谁？“请注意看驯服海
23、马”在整首诗中，暗指的重点是什么？“My Last Duchess”我的前公爵夫人The Duke,or the the husband of the Duchess is the speaker.公爵是说话人Placed at the end of the poem,the allusion serves as the conclusion that tells the reader-listener that the speaker is a tyrant.说明他是个暴君。8. How are naturalism and criticism reflected in Hardys nov
24、els?在哈代的小说中，自然主义和批评主义是如何体现的？A, In Hardys works,man is shown inevitably bound by his own inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment.The outside nature-the natural environment or Nature her
25、self is shown as some mysterious super natural force.B, Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardys works,there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational,hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions,conventions and morals which stangle the
26、individual will and distroy natural human emotions and relationships.在哈代的作品中，人不可避免地受他自己的固有性质和遗传特征促使他去寻找一些特定的幸福或成功，让他在与环 境的冲突，自己 外面的自然，自然环境或自然显示为某种神秘的超自然的力量。B,虽然自然主义似乎在哈代的作品中扮演了重要的角色，但也有尖刻尖锐的批评，甚至是对非理性的、伪善的、不公平的维多利 亚时期的制度、习俗和道德的公开挑战，这些制度是对个人意志和对自然人类情感和关系的颠覆。Discussi on1. Based on Jane Eyre by Charlot
27、te Bronte,discuss the theme of her works.the image of woman protagonists and comprehensive sense for contemporary society.以熨洛蒂勃朗特的简爱为基础，探讨了她作品的主题、女性主人公的 形象以及对当代社会的全面意义。A. Chalotte Bronte n many of Hardys works,fatalism was widely used for the themes.Discuss how Hardy formed the thought of fatalism.
28、在哈代的许多作品中，宿命论被广泛用于主题。讨论哈代是如何形成宿命论的思想的。 Thomas Hardy read Darwins The Origin of Species and accepted the idea of survival of the fittesf.He was also in s works are all about the struggle of an in dividual con scious ness towards selfrealization,about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierc
29、e longing for love,understanding anda full,happy life.B. All her heroines highest joy arises from some sacrifice of self or some human weakness overcome.C. The image of woman protagonists in her works is mostly the life of the middle-class working women,particularly governesses.D. Her works prsent a
30、 vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty,hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes,a nd by showi ng the misery and sufferi ng of the poor.Especially in Jane Eyre, by her,she sharply criticizes the existing society,e.g. religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A
31、布朗2弟的作品都是关于个体意识到自我实现的斗争，关于一些孤独和被忽视的年轻女性，她们对爱、理解和充实、幸福的生 活有着强烈的渴望。B她所有女主人公最大的快乐都来自于一些自我牺牲或一些人类弱点的克服。C在她的作品中，女性主角的形象主要是中产阶级劳动妇女的生活，尤其是家庭教师。D她的作品通过揭露上层阶级的残酷、虚伪和其他邪恶，以及展示穷人的悲惨和苦难，给英国社会描绘了一幅生动逼真的画面。 尤其是在简爱中，她尖锐地批评了现有的社会，慈善机构的宗教伪善。flue need by Spencers The first Principle,which led him to the belief that
32、marts fate is predeterminedly tragic,driven by a combined force of nature”,both inside and outside n his wors.man is shown inevitably bound by his inheret nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environmen
33、t.The outside nature-the natural environment of n atu re herself-is show n as some mysterious super natural force .very powerful but half bitingjn pulsive and uncaring to the individuaPs will,hope,passion or suffering t Likes to play practical jokes upon human beings by producing a series of mistime
34、d actions and unfortunate coincidences.Man prove impotent before fate,however he tries.and he seldom escapes his ordained destiny.This pessimistic view of life played an important role in the English literature.托马斯哈代读过达尔文的物种起源，并接受了 “适者生存”的观点。他也受到斯宾塞的第一个原则的影响，这使他相信，人 的命运是由内在和外在的自然”力量共同推动的，注定是悲惨的。在他的作
35、品中，人类不可避免地被他的继承性和遗传特质所束 缚，这促使他去寻找某种特定的幸福或成功，并使他与环境发生冲突。大自然的自然环境一一自然的自然环境一一被表现为某种神 秘的超自然力量，非常强大，但却有一半是咬人的，是对人的意志、希望、激情或痛苦的不关心。它喜欢通过制作一系列错误的动 作和不幸的巧合来对人类进行恶作剧。人在命运面前被证明是无能为力的，然而他却尝试了，他很少逃脱他注定的命运。这种悲观 的人生观在英国文学中起着重要的作用。3. Thomas Hardyjiving at the turn of the century,is often regarded as a transitional
36、 writer.ln him we see the influence from both the past and the modern.Tess of the DUrbervilles is one of his greatest works.Try to discuss the fate of Tess in this work.生活在世纪之交的托马斯哈代常常被认为是一个过渡作家。在他身上，我们看到了过去和现代的影响。德伯家的苔丝是他最伟大 的作品之一。试着讨论一下苔丝在这部作品中的命运。Tess is a beautiful,innocent peasant girl.The pove
37、rty of the family forces her to claim kinship with the sham but rich DUrbervilles.Alex,the young master of the DUrbervilles,a dandy,suduces Tess and impregnates her.Tess finnaly kills him and she flees with An gel but is caught by the police and han ged.Tess is actually a victim of her society.Hardy
38、 created the heroine Tess in Tess of the DUrbervilles just to criticize the society in his time.Hardys works are known as “ novels of character and environment*.Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capital
39、ism.So in a way.we say,Tess fate is decided by her society.苔丝是一个美丽天真的农家姑娘。家庭的贫困迫使她要求与虚假但富有的德伯家亲属关系密切。亚历克斯，年轻的德贝维尔大 师，一个花花公子，苔丝，让苔丝怀孕了。苔丝芬尼利杀死了他，她和安吉尔一起逃走了，但被警察抓住并被绞死。苔丝实际上是她社会的受害者。哈代在德伯家的苔丝中塑造了女主人公苔丝，只是为了批评他那个时代的社会。哈代的作品 被称为“人物与环境小说”。苔丝是一个悲剧性的人，仅仅因为她不被社会所接受，在这个社会里.，农业受到了侵略资本主义的威 胁。所以在某种程度上，我们说，苔丝的命运
40、是由她的社会决定的。Chapter 5 The Modern Period1. What are the characteristics of the British modernist literature?英国现代主义文学的特点是什么？ One characteristic of British Modernism is Hthe dehumanization of arf.The major themes of the British modernist literature are the distorted,alie nated and ill re I at io nships.T
41、he modernist writers are mainly concer ned with the inner being of an in dividual.The moder nist works are also characterized by a con scious rejecti on of established rules,traditions and conventions.英国现代主义的一个特点是“艺术的非人化”。英国现代主义文学的主要主题是扭曲的、异化的和病态的关系。现代主义作家主 要关注个人的内在。现代主义作品的特点是有意识地拒绝既定的规则、传统和习俗。2. Ga
42、lsworthy is a conventional and realistic writer.He is much concerned about the class contrast between the rich and the poor in his novels.What is the style of his writing?高尔斯华绥是一个传统和现实的作家。他非常关心 他小说中富人 与穷人的阶级对比。他写作的风格是什么？Galsworthy was a conventional writer,having inherited the fine traditions of the
43、 great Victorian novelists of the critical realism.With an objective observation and a naturalistic description,Galsworthy had tried his best to make an impartial presentation of the social life in a documentary precision.By emphasizing the critical element in his writing,he dauntlessly laid bare th
44、e true features of the good and the evil of the bourgeois society.He was also successful in his attempt to present satire and humor in his writing.He wrote in a clear and unpretentions style with a clear and straightforward language.高尔斯华绥是一位传统作家，继承了伟大的维多利亚时代小说家的优秀传统，批判现实主义。有了客观的观察和自然主义的描 述，高尔斯华绥尽其所能
45、，以纪录片的精确性，公正地展现了社会生活。在他的作品中强调批判的元素，他不假不意地揭露了资产 阶级社会的善与恶的真实特征。他还成功地在写作中表现出讽刺和幽默。他以清晰直白的语言写清晰而朴素的文体。3. What is the theme of The Man of Property?高尔斯华绥的财主主题是什么？The theme of this novel is that of the predominant possessive instinet of the Forsytes and its effects on the personal relationships of the fami
46、ly with the underlying assumption that human relationships of the contemporary En glish society are merely an exte nsion of property relati on ships.这部小说的主题是，福尔塞斯的主要占有欲及其对家庭的人际关系的影响，其隐含的设想是，当代英国社会的人际关系仅仅是财产 关系的延伸。4. James Joyce is a writer whose mastery of English language and style is always highly
47、 praised.What are the setting and the subject in almost all his works?What about Joyces most famous novel?ln what way is the novel unconventional?詹姆斯乔伊斯是一名作家，他对英语语言和风格的掌握总是受到高度赞扬。在他所有作品中，环境和主题是什 么？他最著名的小说呢？这本小说的非常规之处在哪里？Setting: Ireland,especially Dublin 爱尔兰，尤其是都柏林Subject: the Irish people and their
48、 lives 爱尔兰人民和他们的生活Most famous novel: Ulysses UlyssesThere is virtually no story ,no plot.almost no action,and little characterization in the usual sense.Joyce adopted stream-of-consciousness in his masterpiece.儿乎没有故事，没有情节，几乎没有行动，在通常意义上也没有什么人物特征。 乔伊斯在他的杰作中采用了意识流。Discussi on1. What are the main characteristics of Bernard Shaws plays?萧伯纳戏剧的主要特点是什么？A. He makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another.His characters are therepresentatives of ideas,points of view,that shift and alter during the play.B. Much of Shaws drama is constructed around the inversion of a c