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1、The Seven WondersSelected by the Ancient GreeksWhentheancientGreeksdecidedtoselectsevenwondersfromthemanyimpressivestructuresthathadbeenconstructedthroughouthistory,therewasalotofargumentaboutwhichstructurestoselect.Overtheyears,manydifferentlistswerecreated.Finally,alistwaspresentedthatmostGreeksag
2、reedincludedthesevenmostwondrouswonders,eachauniqueachievement.Visit the Seven Wonders of Visit the Seven Wonders of the Ancient Worldthe Ancient WorldGreat Pyramid at Giza Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes
3、 Lighthouse at Alexandria The Great Pyramid at GizaTheGreatPyramidofGizaisabout4,500yearsold,andistheonlyancientwonderstillstanding.The Great Pyramid at GizaUntiltheearly1800s,theGreatPyramidatGizawasthetallestbuildingintheworld!The Great Pyramid at GizaThe Great Pyramid at GizaTheGreatpyramidwasmad
4、ebyhand!Itisnearly800feetlong,450feethigh.Itwasbuiltwithovertwomillionofblocksofstone.Theaverageweightofeachstoneisabout2,500pounds-aroundthesameweightasacar!TheHanging Gardens of BabylonTherewaslittleargumentthattheHangingGardensofBabylonwouldbeincludedasaworldwonder.Itwasonnearlyeveryoneslist.The
5、Hanging GardensThethoughtofahugeandmagnificentgarden,towering300feetabovethedesertsands,appealedtotheGreekssenseoftheincredible.The Hanging GardensTheHangingGardensweresupposedlybuiltaround600BCE,alongthebanksoftheEuphratesRiverinBabylon.Constructedinsidethepalacewalls,thegardenswerebuiltinaseriesof
6、platforms,orterraces,thatcreatedastructure400feetlong,400feetwide,and380feethigh!The Hanging GardensWanderingpathsandaseriesofstepsconnectedthevariouslevels.Thegardenswereawonderlandofgreenery,floweringplants,andwaterfalls.ThatalonewouldhavegreatlyimpressedtheancientGreeks.Butalovestorywasattachedto
7、thegardensthatmadethemevenmoreinteresting.ItwasrumoredthatthekingKingNebuchadnezzar,orderedthegardensbuilttohonorhisqueen.The Hanging GardensThequeenwashomesickforherlandinthemountains.ThegardensweredesignedbythekingtomakehisqueenfeellovedandwelcomedinhernewlandofBabylon.Nooneknowsifthelovestorybehi
8、ndtheHangingGardensofBabylonistrue,orifthegardenseverreallyexisted.The Hanging GardensButitwasagreatstory,andtheGreekslovedstories,especiallystoriesaboutwarandlove.TheStatueof Zeusat OlympiaTherewasabsolutelynoargumentabouttheStatueofZeus.Itwasaworldwondereveryoneknewthat!The Statue of Zeus at Olymp
9、iaZeuswasthekingoftheancientGreekgods.OlympiawasthecitythathostedtheAncientGreekOlympicGames.Thestatuecouldhavebeenthesizeofapeanut,andstilltheAncientGreekswouldhaveselectedit.Butittrulywasamagnificentstructure.TheTempleofZeuswascompletedin456BCE.The Statue of Zeus at OlympiaLiketheParthenonandtheTe
10、mpleofArtemis,Doriccolumnswereusedtosupportthestructure.ItwasbuiltinOlympiatohonorZeusandtheGreekOlympicGames.The Statue of Zeus at OlympiaToday,littleremainsofthetempleortheoncemagnificentStatueofZeuswithinit.ButthespiritoftheOlympicGamesliveson!The Temple of Artemis at EphesusTheTempleofArtemiswas
11、firstbuiltaround800BCEintheancientGreekcityofEphesus,onthecoastofwhatisnowmoderndayTurkey.The Temple of Artemis at EphesusThetemplewasdestroyedandrebuiltseveraltimes.Eachtime,itwasrebuiltmoreimpressivelythanthetemplebeforeit.Thefirsttemplewasdestroyedaround550BCEinawar.Yearslater,thetemplewasburntdo
12、wnbyamanwhowantedtoberememberedforever.(Thetowncreatedalawthatsaidanyonewhomentionedhisnamewouldbeputtodeathimmediately.)The Temple of Artemis at EphesusThetemplewasunderconstruction(again)whensomeyearslaterAlexandertheGreatvisitedthetown.Alexanderhadseenmanybeautifulbuildingsinhistravels,butthistem
13、plewassobeautifulthatitimpressedevenAlexandertheGreat!Thetowndidnotwanttodothat,buttheydidthankAlexanderverynicely.(YouwouldtooifyouwerefacingAlexandersarmy!)Alexanderofferedtogivethetownenoughmoneytofinishingbuildingitifthetownspeoplewouldputhisnameonit.The Temple of Artemis at EphesusInAlexanderst
14、ime,theornatelydecoratedtemplewas425feetlong,225feetwide,and60feethigh.127columnssupportedtheroof.Aconstantstreamofvisitorscametoseethetemple.Thetownspeoplebuiltshopsaroundthetemple.Someshopssoldlittlereplicasofthetemplefortouriststotakehome.ThecityofEphesusboomedforawhile.Butitdidnotlast.Thetemplew
15、asdestroyed(again)around200CEbytheGoths.The Temple of Artemis at EphesusThistime,itwasnotrebuilt.Constructioncostshadincreasedconsiderably.Therewasnotenoughmoneyinthetowntreasurytorebuildthetempletoitsformermagnificence.Theremainingpiecesslowlysunkinthemarshyfielduntiltheruindisappearedfromsightalto
16、gether.The Temple of Artemis at EphesusHundredsofyearslater,inthe1800s,theBritishMuseumsentateamtosearchforthefabledTempleofArtemis.Noonehadanyideawherethetempleusedtostand.Shortofdiggingupthewholetownandthesurroundingcountryside,thefirstteamfoundthemselvesratherstuck.Anotherteam,sentoutafewyearslat
17、er,duguptheremainsof5temples,onebuiltontopoftheother.TheybelievedtheyhadfoundtheTempleofArtemis!The Temple of Artemis at EphesusToday,allthatremainsofthisincrediblestructureisasinglecolumninthemiddleofamarshyfieldthatmarksthespotwheretheTempleoncestood.TheMausoleumat HalicarnassusKingMausoluswasarul
18、erofasmallkingdominAsiaMinor.HewasmarriedtoArtemisia,wholovedhimdearly.The Mausoleum at HalicarnassusWhenthekingdied,hiswifedecidedtobuildherhusbandthemostmagnificenttombintheworld.ThetombwascalledtheMausoleumatHalicarnassus.The Mausoleum at HalicarnassusItwassosplendidthattheGreeksselectedthetombto
19、beoneofthesevenwondersoftheworld.Today,thereisnothingleftoftheMausoleumatHalicarnassusexceptastoryaboutaqueenwholovedherhusbanddearly.TheColossusofRhodesRhodesisanislandintheMediterraneanSea.Once,itwaspartofancientGreece.The Colossus of RhodesAlexandertheGreatconqueredRhodes.WhenAlexanderdied,hisgen
20、eralsfoughtforcontroloftheisland.Rhodeswasperfectlysituatedtobeacrossroadsoftrade.ThepeopleofRhodesdidsupportoneofthegenerals.ButthatgeneralwoncontrolofEgypt.AnothergeneralgainedcontrolofRhodes.Topunishthepeoplefornotsupportinghim,hesenthissontolevelRhodes.The Colossus of RhodesHelparrivedfromEgypt!
21、ThegeneraltheyhadsupportedsenttroopsfromEgypttohelpthepeopleofRhodesdrivethesonaway.WithEgyptshelp,thepeoplewon!Withjoy,theymelteddownthebronzearmorandwarmachineryleftbehindbytheson,andusedittobuildagiantstatueoftheirpatrongodHelios,tothankHeliosforhelpingthemsavetheircity.The Colossus of RhodesThes
22、tatuewas110feethighandstoodona50footbase.Eachmorning,thesunglitteredoffthebronzeplatesthatcoveredthestatue.Itwasquiteasight!The Colossus of RhodesOnly56yearsafterthestatuewasbuilt,itwastoppledbyanearthquake.Manypiecesfellintotheharbor.Somepiecesremainedonland,includingthestatuesthumb.Peopletraveledg
23、reatdistancestoseethehugethumb.Theytriedtoputtheirarmsaroundit.Thethumbwasbiggerthantheirarmscouldstretch.ThekingofEgyptofferedmoneytorebuildthestatue.ButthepeopleofRhodessaidno.TheybelievedtheirgodHelioswasunhappywiththestatue,andhadtosseditdowninafitofanger.Theyleftitalone.The Colossus of RhodesMa
24、nyyearslater,around600CE,ArabtradersfinallyremovedtheremainsoftheColossustouseasscrapmetal.Legend says.ittook900camelstoferrythepieceshome.AlthoughtheColossusisnolongerinexistence,anotherfamousworkofart,inspiredbytheColossus,isstillstanding.The Colossus of RhodesItiscalledTheStatueofLiberty!TheLight
25、house at AlexandriaNearlyalltheGreeksagreedthattheLighthouseshouldbeincludedasoneofthewondersoftheworld.The Lighthouse at AlexandriaItwasbuiltaround290BCEontheIslandofPharosintheharborofAlexandria,Egypt.The Lighthouse at AlexandriaItwasaworkinglighthousethathelpedshipsfindtheirwaysafelyintoharbor.It
26、wasalsoatouristattraction.Inancienttimes,visitorscouldbuyfoodattheobservationplatformonthefirstlevel.The Lighthouse at AlexandriaAnyonewhowishedtodocouldclimbnearlytothetop.Therewerenotmanyplacesintheancientworldthatvisitorscouldclimbaman-madestructure,300feetup,toviewthesea.The Lighthouse at AlexandriaTheLighthouseatAlexandriastoodforover1500years.ScientistsbelieveanearthquaketoppedtheLighthouseduringthe12thcenturyCE,about250yearsbeforeColumbusdiscoveredAmerica!