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1、外文文献Abstract Climate conditions control emphases of automatic control greenhouses introduced from abroad are different from these in home and the introducing and production cost of them is so high ,so it is difficult to popularize and use cosmically .At present, in greenhouses designed and built in
2、home itself，the degree of environment control and modern management of most of them is so low ,so they cannot satisfy crops demand for high production and planting all the year; some can only carry out control on partial environment factors without considering mutual affect and coupling of them in t
3、he process of control; some still need manual control;so these factors greatly restrict exertion of economic benefit of greenhouses .Changing traditional modes of control; practicing computer monitoring and establishing greenhouse automatic monitoring system accord with the situation of China have i
4、mportant meaning for quickening modern degree of greenhouse production in our country and increasing benefit of greenhouses. Based on summarizing formers researches, the paper analyzes environmental parameters，the integrative control property of greenhouse systems and the control process which is a
5、nonlinear, delay and complicated system; Based on analyzing modes of current greenhouse monitoring systems and properties of single-chip microcomputers, a practical automatic monitoring system for greenhouse environment is designed which can realize the monitoring of every parameter in greenhouse en
6、vironment by synthetically using sensor technology, fuzzy control theory, communication technology and microcomputer technology The system hardware is composed of two parts: a lower-level and a higher-level computer. The higher-level computer is a PC microcomputer which is the headquarter of the sys
7、tem and finishes the unified management and control of a greenhouse by way of COM port RS-232 connecting with the lower-level computer. In monitoring environment, the system can finish monitoring for this nonlinear and delay system and realize crops demand for greenhouse environment by using fuzzy c
8、ontrol theory and technology .The central component of the lower-level computer is 8098 single-chip microcomputer of MCS-96 series, which is used to collect, retreat control and communicate with the higher-level computer. The system software consists of two parts .The higher-level software is develo
9、ped by VB and composed of seven modules of setting system parameters, demarcating sensors, ascertaining fuzzy control table, connecting and monitoring real-time data, recurring to history data and help, and each module has certain function and each other is independent from others. The lower-level s
10、oftware is developed by 8098 assemble language and composed of six modules of a main program, a sending and interrupting service program, a receiving and interrupting service program, ascertaining a sampling cycle, connecting data and pretreating data. Simulative experiment shows that the whole syst
11、em is convenient to operate，high efficient, easy to expand, has better adaptability and universal property and establishes certain base for realizing control system design with many factors in greenhouse environment.Key words: Automatic control, Greenhouse, Single-chip microcomputer, Computer monito
12、ring and controlling, Fuzzy control一 ForewordAlong with calculator technique of development, the calculator data collect a technique and control the system acquire in the production line automation Extensive of application, it is comprehensive the calculator, data collect, the process control, netwo
13、rk communication and sketch manifestation etc. technique, With the information obtain, processing, supervision with excellent turn a production line for purpose, have function strong, application vivid, operation squareThen etc. characteristics, have thus extensive of application foreground Gal. Be
14、close to more than ten in the last yearses, it F the beginning is to the agriculture research, produce to get The area permeate and promoted tradition agriculture production control mode to calculator imitate, auto control mode change.Especially establish Agriculture of rise and glasshouse cultivati
15、on technique of expansion, acceleration the calculator is on the agriculture of application stepatl Iasl fttl.Together Hour control theories also along with industry and modern science technique and fly of calculator soon development but experience fromclassic control Theoriesonemodern control theor
16、iesbig system theories andintelligence control theories onemisty control theories Of a few stage.Misty control theories along with calculator technique of progress and oneself theories of continuously development, at not line Of, complications of hard establishment precision mathematics model of in
17、the system get extensive of application。 Glasshouse supervision technique is with auto examination technique, intelligence control theories, calculator technique of development but development get up.70s, adoption imitate type unit combination the appearance collect the spot information, and with co
18、rrespond of imitate type equip carry on designation, Record and control.80s, adoption numeral type unit combination the appearance accept the spot information, and with correspond of numeral typeEquip to carry on manifestation, record and control.Along with the 4 C Commuputer. Communication, CRT, Co
19、ntrol Fly of technique soon development, 80s the end appeared a distribute type control system and pass monitor unit, control units etc. establish Have collect the spot information combine realization part control. The data of this system collect, communication, adjust the ability of control strong,
20、 make supervision The technique attain a new level.90s, creation the calculator data collect with control system, it have a distribute typeControl the system collect, saving, communication, processing function, again compensate distribute type system big, price Gao, application inconvenience Of shor
21、tage, so got in the work agriculture the automation extensive of application二 Domestic and international development circumstanceGlasshouse conduct and actions 1 kind is the farm crop growth create feat environment of agriculture facilities, can see into a half independence in nature Boundary the ha
22、lf of the big weather close type of artificial eco-system, it can avert from the external world various disadvantageous factor of influence, improvement or Create better environment weather. Along with calculator technique of progress and intelligence control theories of development, hundred years c
23、ome, The room is a facilities agriculture of importance constitute part, it auto control and management technique continuously can exaltation, in the world-wide locationsAll got a substantial development3.Especially 20 century ask of the fast fierce development and microcomputer of technique of the
24、7 0 age electronics A life time, more make the control technique of the glasshouse environment creation revolution variety. The glasshouse control mostly experienced” move one machine-Dispersion the electricity control system a multi-function concentration electronics control set one the tiny machin
25、e be comprehensive control” this several development stage, tradition of glasshouse Control method, all existence obvious of blemish, adoption these way, imitate complications the farm crop in the weather environment place of Partial environment almost and impossibly of, want a realization rightness
26、 various mutually check and supervision, mutually influence of synthesize of environment factor control Also very difficulty.80s, change with each passing day along with the microcomputer of the progress and price be significant to descend, and to glasshouse The exaltation of environment request, ta
27、ke tiny machine as the glasshouse of core comprehensive environment control system, at Europe and America and Japan acquire substantial ofDevelopment, and exceed to turn intelligence to turn a stage into the network Abroad modernization glasshouse of inner part facilities already development to more
28、 complete extent, and formation certain of standard.Each environment factor in the glasshouse mostly from calculator concentration control, so the examination spread a feeling machine also more well-found, such as glasshouse inside Outside of the temperature, degree of humidity, light shine on degre
29、e, C density, nourishment liquid density.etc., from spreading the examination of feeling machine basically can realization To each performance organization of auto control, such as have no the class regulate of skylight well ventilated the reduce the heat of system, wet Lain and fan kit fasten All,
30、can auto accept to put of hide Yin act or cold yarn, constitute to from the hot water boiler or the hot breeze machine of heat system, can be in fixed time Spray to infuse or the drop infuse of irrigation system and carbon dioxide apply fertilizer system, some still have house noodles glass to flush
31、 system, machine Person auto results system, and be applicable to the farm machinery of glasshouse homework etc. .The calculator controls these systems F not BE simple, independence, static state of calculator direct numeral control, but according to the direct of the environment model control, And
32、according to the artificial intelligence control of expert system, this system can provide to include what farm crop plant for the glasshouse governor Economy analysis, plant diseases and insect pests prevention and cure, glasshouse at inside of management and decision system information Our country
33、 glasshouse facilities of usage opposite compare night, 60s only make use of simple type plastics big Peng to plant a vegetable.1966 The year Jilin provincial governor spring City construct our country a Pang with big plastics, the area be only 500 square mattresses, arrive 70s, economy energy type
34、Sunlight glasshouse beginning at our country application, and get more quick development, to 1981, basis 19 city, autonomous region all Account, the protection ground accumulate to 1. 60,000 hectare, share a vegetable to plant area of 4. 3596, among them, the glasshouse be only 1500 hectares and sha
35、re Vegetable plot area of 0. 496.July till 1994, whole country privately owned economy energy type the sunlight glasshouse be 1,150,000 acres, big Peng 40010000 acre, the total area reaches to 5,150,000 acres. But large glass structure the glasshouse is in the our country development always more slo
36、w, until the beginning of 80s,Just successively ushering in into a set a glasshouse equipments from Holland, the United States, Japan is more than 40, main distribute in Peking, Shanghai, Guangzhou Wait big city surroundings, our country oneself produce of glass glasshouse amount less, also because
37、of it inner part the facilities be more simple and crude and produce Quality quantity and use function all low outside the country a forerunner a product, influence domestic glasshouse of expansion and usage Our country for glasshouse control system of research comparison night, arrive 80s, just car
38、ry on to the artificial weather room Tiny machine control, such as heavy celebrate Gun Ji artificial weather room of list slice machine control system, and Shanghai plant to living of artificial weather Room. Afterward to calculator glasshouse control system of research hasnt been break off, go to 1
39、995, agriculture university in Peking grind Make into the achievements, type Tc-1 experiment glasshouse environment supervision calculator management system, this system belong to a small scaled distribute type data to adoptGather control system; Science and engineering university in Jiangsu develop
40、 success to control the plant factory that the machine carry on a management system with the work: industry in Jilin big The intelligence which learn to develop success to used for glasshouse spray water controller, can shine on a degree to come from according to the temperature, degree of humidity
41、in the glasshouse and the light Move to adjust to spray water quantity: farm machinery in China turn science institute for research to develop into new intelligence glasshouse, from big Pang essence, well ventilated decline The system, solar energy store to save the system, fuel hot breeze to heat s
42、ystem, irrigation system, calculator environment the parameter measure to control systemEtc. constitute;Return to have many Gao Deng3s college, research hospital to all be carry on glasshouse control system of related research, and many The unit all has already started to set up or will start to set
43、 up the total frame of glasshouse control system. Total top say, our country currently facilities cultivation comprehensive environment control the technique level be low and adjust the ability of control bad, and with listThe environment factor adjust to control an equipments for lord, take to have
44、 comprehensive environment auto control of high technology the glasshouse be main depend from abroad usher in.According to local existing facilities cultivation manufacturing foundation, its facilities frame and subsidiary facilities part basic ability satisfy request, leadThe key enter is control s
45、ystem and control management technique. From current of research circumstance to see, our country of glasshouse control system research the level heel abroad still have bigger margin, lord Want to express a few aspect in the following: One is didnt yet establishment glasshouse structure of nation st
46、andard, the researcher give of control the system be mostly stronger to aim at sex. Because glasshouse structure thousand bad ten thousand do not, performance the organization be not each homology, for control system of good and bad lack horizontally can ratio. Two is lack with our countrys weather
47、characteristics mutually orientation of glasshouse control software. The our country usher in glasshouse currently of control systemMostly investment big, circulate the expenses lead Goo, and control system in lay particular emphasis on consideration of environment parameter and our country of weath
48、er especially .Point existence antinomy, such as Holland because of temperature variety very small, so reduce the heat, well ventilated problem consideration few, but adopt light the problem testLye get more, if this kind of glasshouse application in region in our country Xinjiang, affirmation is an
49、 accommodation not, because of the difference in temperature of Xinjiang The variety is big. Three is an our country comprehensive environment control technique of research just start, still stay around research currently list environment factor Adjust a stage of control the technique, but actually, the day in the glasshouse shoot , air degree of humidity, soil degree of humidity of the