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1、2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷Section IStructure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSW
2、ER SHEET.1. Uncertainty about the economy is _ as serious unemployment takes place.A. limited B. anywhere C. decreased D. widespread2. Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harriss comments on some academic arguments can be rather _at times. A. harsh B. precise C. pleasant D. satiate 3.
3、In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.A worthy of B wordy of C remembered D recommenced4. Being late for an appointment is annoying.A. irrigating B. intriguing C. irritating D. intimidating5. The crimi
4、nal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.A. interview B. question C. investigation D. interrogation6. Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and experience for themselves the _ the lives of the rich and the poor.A. disparity of B. difference between C. disparity
5、between D. difference of 7. Ask anyonewhythereisanobesity_ andtheywilltellyouthatitsalldowntoeating toomuchandburningtoofewcalories.A. popularity B. currency C. present D. epidemic8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki_ oneof the worlds great violin teachers.A. knows
6、 that B. has been known as C. is well known of D. has been known for9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _.A. with pronunciations given B. that has pronunciations givenC. that have pronunc
7、iations given D. that do have pronunciations given10. Each night when_ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.A. the temperature fell B. that the temperature did fall C. the temperature fell down D. because the temperature fell11. With _spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.A the advent of B
8、 arriving at C is arrived in D advention of12. _the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.A. Little did he realize B. A little he realized C.He realized a little D. He did realize little13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, f
9、or example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _.A. have difficulty to follow B. have difficult following C. have difficulty following D. have difficulty of following14. Many people at that time believed that spices _ food; however, Hall found that many marketed spices were teeming wi
10、th bacteria, moulds and yeasts.A. helped preserve B. help preserve C. helps preserve D. help to preserve15. General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced with _.A. was as smart as B. was
11、so wise that C. was cleverer than D. was never so cunning asSection II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You sho
12、uld decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneI recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed
13、 the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations.The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained
14、 important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige.Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory own
15、ers built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to r
16、eflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire.Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass
17、 and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest- shopping.16. The authors approach to the topic can best b
18、e described asA. How people change their mind when paying a visitB. Tourists today are less historical-mindedC. A comparative look between the old and the modernD. Shopping is more significant than castle visits17. According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be reflect
19、ed through _.A. their lands B. their interests C. the plains that could be overlooked D. the way they make their buildings18. Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _.A. before the industrial revolution B. when tourists want to shop in them C. as merchants and governors like them to be D. beca
20、use they are imposing19. Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the passage?A. The castles and fortified houses. B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices. C. Building with glass and polished chrome. D. Town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildin
21、gs Passage TwoThe study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stability in the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventions in the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable.Similarly, human socie
22、ty in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clo
23、thes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no.Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new
24、 people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.20. According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes are _.A. the wishes of people around the world B. study of biology is of primary important C. of more demer
25、its than merits D. keeping the world stable21. The author implies that _.A. human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of species B. human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerability of ecosystemC. agricultural practices influence interaction be
26、tween species D. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem. 22. It is true, according to the passage, that _.A. if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorer B. traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than ever C. if we cannot see the diff
27、erences when traveling afar, whats the use of traveling? D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the same food and wear the same clothes23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean_.A. homo sapiens B. homosexuality C. sameness D. homeliness Passage ThreeSmiths
28、1776 work, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, also shortened as The Wealth of Nations, appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didnt invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publi
29、sh them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics.Other economists built on Smiths work to solidifyclassical economic theory,whi
30、ch would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage.
31、 In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire （自由放任）or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions.Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government inte
32、rvention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an invisible hand guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smiths writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best out
33、come for all. It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest, Smith wrote.24. In the 1st paragraph, the author says that _.A. ideas in “the Wealth of Nations”had never been known to ordinary readers
34、before Smith proposed them B. it was not until the publication of Smiths book did some of the ideas become popular C. these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into his writing D. Smith didnt invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first to know a
35、bout them. 25. In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _.A. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with property right B. two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of
36、feudal society and each is distinguished with fixed residence C. four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudal society and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and st
37、age of feudal society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property right26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?A. There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.B. Government should give the least intervention into the marke
38、t.C. Each person should work inadvertently on their own.D. A bakers interest may bring us the meal that we expect.27.“Invisible hand” in this context refers to _.A. demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its own B. governments role could be self-reduced through minimization C. bene
39、volence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seen D. ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and published Passage Four Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include
40、learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI includeexpert systems,speech recognitionandmachine vision.AI can be categorized as eitherweakorstrong
41、. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apples Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When
42、presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention.Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a S
43、ervice (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings includeAmazon AIservices,IBM Watson Assistant,Microsoft Cognitive ServicesandGoogle AIse
44、rvices.Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers
45、and marketers hope the labelaugmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.28. The machine that owns the processes to _could be called AI.A. learn, correct itself and re
46、cognize speech B. to see, learn by itself and recognize C. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its own D. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_.A. strong AI is based on more general cognit
47、ive ability than a weak oneB. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong oneC. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediatelyD. could be found in Apples Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms i
48、s allowed because_.A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensiveB. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is importantC. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford itD. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it 31. T