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1、2018年浙江宁波大学基础英语考研真题I. Vocabulary (30 points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(120 points).1.Theinte
2、llectisalwaysheldinabeyancebythespiritofreasonableness,andstill more by thewritersartisticsensibility.A. suspension B. approval C. continuation D. antidote 2. She smiled thecreduloussmile of ignorant innocence and pulled the gate open.A. sophisticated B. naive C. deceiving D. guilty3.Wecantracetheru
3、dimentaryrootsofallourvaluesandlimitsbackinourchildhoodanecdotes.A. salient B. deep C. fundamental D. far-fetched 4. Alexanderenvisionedacosmopolitancultureinhisnewempire.A. local B. endemic C. provincial D. universal 5.Perhapsthefirstthinganycynicwillnoteaboutthesepledgesisthattheyaredevoidofanysel
4、f-sacrifice.A. realist B. faultfinder C. optimist D. pessimist 6.Whenthewindsblewthroughtheholes,therocksemittedaneeriekeeningsound,likeadirgeoflostsouls.A. elegy B. song C. eulogy D. tribute 7.Iamblessedwithabuoyanttemperamentandenjoythepleasuresofthisearth.A. lighthearted B. depressed C. dishearte
5、ned D. glad 8. Hesawthehideous,obscureshaperiseslowlytothesurface. A. beautiful B. unclear C. repulsive D. ambiguous 9.Jimlikestogloatoverallthesportsprizeshehasown,whichhekeepsinaglasscase.A. revel B. lament C. survey D. scan 10.Itwouldbeunwisetopretendthatitdoesnothappenanddishonesttodisavowitinan
6、y circumstances. A. claim B. renounce C. confess D. plead11. Hisrubicundfaceexpressedconsternationandfatigue. A. rough B. robust C. ruddy D. dark12.Goinghigher-endalsomeansMicrosoftwoulddodgeapotentialthreat toAmazonandGoogle.A. duck B. form C. propose D. profile 13 . Laughteristhetonic,therelief,th
7、esurceaseforpain.A . exhaustion B. regulator C. monitor D. refresher 14.WhenmyplaywaswiththeeIneverquestionedwhothouwert.Iknewnorshynessnorfear,mylifewasboisterousA. controllable B. disorderly C. wild D. unruly 15.Hehadplentyoffeedbackandplentyoftimetomitigatethisissue,buthecanbestubborn. A . allevi
8、ate B. shorten C. increase D. revise 16.Theeggsarepackedincartonslinedwithshockproofcorrugated paperboard. A. smooth B. horizontal C. silky D. ribbed17.IntheEasthesucceededinestablishingByzantinehegemonyoverthecrusadingstates.A. overthrow B. conquest C. supremacy D. subjugation 18.Artisthestoredhone
9、yofthehumansoul,gatheredonwingsofmiseryandtravail.A. labour B. journey C. pilgrimage D. wretchedness 19.Hewhowillnotreason,isabigot;hewhocannotisafool;andhewhodaresnotisaslave.A. cynic B. pessimist C. dogmatist D . fascist 20.OutofthecornerofmyeyeIsawablurofmovementontheothersideoftheglassA. clarity
10、 B. haziness C. shape D. transparency Section B There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences. You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (110 points).For example: Johnny Carson has much to do to keep
11、 up with great eloquenceAnswer: quick and witty tongue.1. Whilehisintentionsaretosavelivedandpreventinjuries,thismangerisperceivedasvindictive,uncaringandself-serving. 2. ItisnottoshameyouthatIwritethesethingsbuttoadmonishyouasmybelovedchildren.3. Allthepeopleinthepartyweredisgustedwithhisbawdyjokes
12、. 4. HisaestheticandideologyhaveseepedintotheveryfabricofAmericantheater.5. ThismagnifiesUSculturaladvantagesbecausethemarketintowhich artistsfromothercountriesmustsellisoftenabysmal. 6. ViolentstormswreakedhavocontheFrenchRiviera,leavingthree peopledeadanddozensinjured. 7.Iseemedtodiscernsomesignso
13、femotionuponthebutlerswhiteface. 8. Criticsoftheschemetakealessbenignview. 9.Thecruxofthematterisnotshortageoftime,butshortageofwork. 10.HespeaksmanylanguagesincludingArabic,sohewasassignedtodangerouscovertoperations. II. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage.
14、 You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and
15、 grammar. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. （1x20 points）Shakespeares sonnets are very different from Shakespeares plays, but they do contain _1_elements and an overall sense of story. Each of the poems_2_with a highly personal theme, and each can be _3_ on its own or in relation to the
16、 poems around it. The sonnets have the feel of _4_ poems, but we dont know whether they deal with real events or not, because no one knows _5_ about Shakespeares life to say whether or not they deal with real events and feelings, so we tend to refer to the voice of the sonnets as “the speaker”as _6_
17、 he were a dramatic creation like Hamlet or King Lear. There are certainly a number of intriguing _7_ throughout the poems. The first 126 of the sonnets seem to be _8_ to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker loves very much; the rest of the poems (except for the last two, which seem generally
18、 unconnected to the _9_ of the sequence) seem to be addressed to a mysterious _10_ , whom the speaker loves, hates, and lusts for simultaneously. The two addressees of the sonnets are usually_11_ to as the “young man” and the “dark lady”; in summaries of individual poems, I have also called the youn
19、g man the “beloved” and the dark lady the “lover,” especially in cases where their _12_ can only be surmised. Within the two mini-sequences, there are a _13_ of other discernible elements of “plot”: the speaker _ 14_ the young man to have children; he is forced to _15_ a separation from him; he comp
20、etes with a_16_ poet for the young mans patronage and affection. At two points in the sequence, it seems that the young man and the_17_lady are actually lovers themselvesa state of affairs with which the speaker is none too _18_ . But while these continuities give the poems a narrative flow and a he
21、lpful frame of reference, they have been frustratingly_19_ for scholars and biographers to pin _20_ . In Shakespeares life, who were the young man and the dark lady? Prose by its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues 1 peculiar with it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal 2 vir
22、tue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is just;3 and, whereas love makes you act and speak in the spur of the 4 moment, justice needs inquiry, patient and a control even 5 of the noblest passions. To justice, here I do not mean justice 6 of ideas, but a habit of justice in all processes
23、 of thought, the style 7 only to particular people tranquillized and a form moulded to 8 that habit. The master of prose is not cold, and he will not let 9 any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant with his10 reject all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own 11 beauty out of
24、the purpose. Unhasting, unresting, he pursues them, 12 subduing all the riches of his mind on it, very accomplishment of it.13 out of the whole work and its proportions, so as you must read14 to the end before you know that it is beauty. But he has his reward, 15 for his is trusted and convinces, as
25、 those that are at the mercy of their16 own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for be 17 hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative and argument, 18 we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applauding the19 writer, or do we stop to question him. 20 IV. Rea
26、ding Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions. Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or fal
27、se. Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A. (10 points) Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand
28、yearsand why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own timesare questions which have interested the modern philosopher
29、 not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested develo
30、pment, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanati
31、on which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern sci
32、entific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance ofdeductionby steps which are indeed correlati
33、ve parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of
34、observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observationthese are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a
35、 greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”in the neglect among the ancients of the
36、 former, and their too exclusive attention to the latterproves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are factsa particular class of facts indeed, gen
37、erallycomplex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true meth
38、od. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the fu
39、ll characteristics of a fact.1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA. Philosophy of mathematics.B. The Recent Growth in Science.C. The Verification of Facts.D. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the da
40、ys of the ancient Greeks and in modern times isA. the similarity between the two periods.B. that it was an act of God.C. that both tried to develop the inductive method.D. due to the decline of the deductive method.3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”A. is that the latter needs confirmation
41、.B. rests on the simplicity of the former.C. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.D. helps us to understand the deductive method.4. According to the author, mathematics isA. an inductive science.B. in need of simple verification.C. a deductive science.D. based on fa
42、ct and theory.5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.A. a metaphor.B. a paradox.C. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.D. a pun. Section B. (10 points) What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child
43、by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock t
44、o the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mothers blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we cannot see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce
45、 a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It m
46、ay be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a pecu