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1、4/3/2023Lecture 4Perceiving Nonverbal Communication(1)4/3/2023OUTLINEII.Cultural II.Cultural impact impact on on Body LanguageLanguage.I.I.TheThe Basics of of Nonverbal Nonverbal CommuniCommunication.cation.4/3/2023Attention!What do you know about him?1.1.One of the greatest directorsOne of the grea
2、test directors2.2.One of the funniest actorsOne of the funniest actors3.3.Capable of using Capable of using body languagebody language to create comic effect in to create comic effect in such silent films as such silent films as Little Trump,Modern TimesLittle Trump,Modern Times.4.4.(3 minutes).(3 m
3、inutes).4/3/2023DiscussionApart from Apart from verbal languageverbal languageverbal languageverbal language,what other,what other means of communication do you know?means of communication do you know?How do you use theHow do you use the nonverbal meansnonverbal meansnonverbal meansnonverbal means o
4、f of communication in everyday life?communication in everyday life?Facial expressions,Posture,Gesture,Silence,Facial expressions,Posture,Gesture,Silence,Eye contact,Body distance,Paralanguage Eye contact,Body distance,Paralanguage 4/3/2023Figure out a variety of FACIAL EXPRESSIONS.4/3/2023To communi
5、cate effectively in the Globe Village,you should be:4/3/20231.What is nonverbal communication?Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for
6、the source or receiver.-Samovar&Porterl l Simply speaking,Simply speaking,it refers to it refers to communication without the use of wordscommunication without the use of words.4/3/2023According to two different researches:According to two different researches:4/3/2023We make important judgments and
7、 decisions concerning We make important judgments and decisions concerning the internal states of others.the internal states of others.We use the actions of others to learn about their affective We use the actions of others to learn about their affective or emotional states.or emotional states.It is
8、 responsible for first impressions.It is responsible for first impressions.Many of our nonverbal actions are not easily controlled Many of our nonverbal actions are not easily controlled consciously.consciously.2.Why is nonverbal communication important?2.Why is nonverbal communication important?4/3
9、/20233.How does nonverbal communication function?3.How does nonverbal communication function?Replacing RegulatingConveyingModifyingRepeatingComplementingContradicting4/3/2023Body Language(Body Language(KinesicsKinesics)(I)(I)1.Posture2.Gesture4/3/20231.Posture1.PostureCrossing legs:Crossing legs:Cro
10、ssing legs:Crossing legs:U.S.:normal to cross legs while seated;women cross at the U.S.:normal to cross legs while seated;women cross at the ankle and men cross with ankle on the knee.ankle and men cross with ankle on the knee.Middle East:crossing the leg with ankle on the knee is Middle East:crossi
11、ng the leg with ankle on the knee is inappropriate.inappropriate.Ghana&Turkey:extremely offensive.Ghana&Turkey:extremely offensive.4/3/2023d.d.Thailand:the bottoms of the feet are the lowest part of the Thailand:the bottoms of the feet are the lowest part of the body,they should never be pointed in
12、the direction of body,they should never be pointed in the direction of another person.another person.e.e.U.S.&Britain:lean back in chairs and put feet on desk to U.S.&Britain:lean back in chairs and put feet on desk to convey a relaxed,informal attitude.convey a relaxed,informal attitude.f.f.Middle
13、East,Swiss and Germany:putting feet on desk is Middle East,Swiss and Germany:putting feet on desk is rude.rude.g.g.Japan:sit quietly.Japan:sit quietly.1.Posture1.Posture4/3/2023 Peoples social status,religious practices,feelings of Peoples social status,religious practices,feelings of submissiveness
14、,desires to maintain social distance.submissiveness,desires to maintain social distance.a.a.Confident people:relaxed posture,stand erect with Confident people:relaxed posture,stand erect with shoulders back and head up and walk with assurance.shoulders back and head up and walk with assurance.b.b.La
15、ck of assurance and confidence:walk with stooped Lack of assurance and confidence:walk with stooped shoulders and a slow,hesitating gait.shoulders and a slow,hesitating gait.c.c.Goal oriented:walking rapidly and swinging the arms.Goal oriented:walking rapidly and swinging the arms.d.d.A preoccupied
16、walk:hands clasped behind and head A preoccupied walk:hands clasped behind and head lowered,thoughtful.lowered,thoughtful.1.Posture1.Posture4/3/2023Bowing in Japan:The person who occupies the lower station begins the bow,and The person who occupies the lower station begins the bow,and the bow must b
17、e deeper than the other persons.the bow must be deeper than the other persons.The superior determines when the bowing is to end.The superior determines when the bowing is to end.People of equal rank begin the bow in the same manner and People of equal rank begin the bow in the same manner and end at
18、 the same time.end at the same time.1.Posture1.Posture4/3/2023TheThe German andand Japanese bow differ:bow differ:1.Posture1.Posture4/3/20232.Gestures2.GestureslHand gesturelHead movement lArm movement4/3/2023Hand gesture2.Gestures2.GesturesThe thumbs-up signCase Study“Good,great,well done”in Britai
19、n;Persian:discontent.Britain:also for hitch-hiking;Greece:an insult.4/3/2023Thumb down U.S.&Canada:disapproval.Greece:a rude sign.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023The OK sign/The ring gestureU.S.:“Everything is fine and going well”.Germany:“You asshole”.France:“A proposal is absolutely worthless,a zero”.
20、Japan:a commonly used symbol for MONEY.Tunisia:a threat of bodily harm:“Ill kill you.”Greece&Brazil:quite vulgar connotation.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023The V signPalm outward:victory(U.S.and many other countries).palm inward:A crude connotation(England and South Africa)Winston Churchills story2.Ges
21、tures2.Gestures4/3/2023The single finger beckonU.S.&Britain:summon someone to“Come here”;Yugoslavia&Malaysia:beckoning animals;Indonesia&Australia:beckoning prostitutes;China:beckoning gesture-the hand is extended toward the person,palm open and facing down,with all fingers crooked in a beckoning mo
22、tion.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/20232.Gestures2.GesturesThe vertical horns gestureA positive connotation associated with the University of Texas Longhorn football team.Italy:an insulting connotationBrazil&Venezuela:good luck.U.S.subcultures:devils horns.4/3/2023 Good luck sign Anglo-American cultures:t
23、o wish someone good luck.Germans wish others good luck by making two fists with thumbs inside and pounding them on an imaginary table.To wish someone good luck in Portugal,one would place the thumb between the index and third fingers.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023The middle fingerU.S.&most of Europe:a
24、 highly offensive gesture.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023The ear-tugIt means as many as four different things in different Mediterranean countries.In Spain it means someone is a sponger,i.e.using other peoples money and never spending his own.In Greece it is a warning.In Malta it says someone is a snea
25、k.In Italy it is used to call someone a homosexual.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023The eyelid-pullPulling down the lower lid of your eye with one finger is usually used to indicate alertness.In France,England and Greece it means much the same as“You cant fool me!”.In Spain and Italy it is also related t
26、o being alert.Used by a South American,it means he finds a woman very attractive.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Shoulder shrug Italy:Italy:you dont know or care about something.America:America:a reluctance to agree.France:France:something is ridiculous.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Arms foldedA sign of b
27、oredom or disapproval in U.S.In Finland it is a sign of arrogance.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Hands in pocket(s)Everywhere in Europe it is rude to talk with your hands in your pocket.It is something only a guilty child would do.In Japan and China,it is rude to stand with your hands thrust into your
28、pockets.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Hands on hipsIn Mexico it signals hostility.In Malaysia it shows anger.In U.S.it means impatience.In Argentina it indicates a challenge.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Nose blowingThe Chinese and the Japanese find blowing your nose in public extremely rude.In France,s
29、neezing in public is OK,but blowing your nose in public is the height of bad upbringing.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Snapping the fingers of both handsSnapping the fingers of both handsA vulgar gesture in France.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Head movement 1.Head movement conveys YES or NO differently:B
30、ulgaria:nod heads-No;shake heads-Yes.Greece:jerk heads back with eyes closed and eyebrows lifted-No.The Semang of Malaya:thrust heads forward Yes;cast their eyes down-No.Sicilians:raise chins-No.Guan:raise eyebrows once-Yes.2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023A lowered head:A lowered head:In Western culture
31、 can signify defeat or uncertainty.In Asian cultures may mean accepting ones place in the hierarchy.Tilting the head upward:In Western cultures is interpreted as being arrogant,as illustrated in the expression,“His nose was in the air.”2.Gestures2.Gestures4/3/2023Further Readings1.Samovar,L.A.,R.Porter&Lisa Stefani.2000.Communication Between Cultures(3rd edition,Chapter 6).Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.2.罗杰罗杰阿克斯特尔，阿克斯特尔，1998.身势语。上海：上海译身势语。上海：上海译文出版社。文出版社。3.毕继万，毕继万，1999。跨文化非语言交际。北京：外语。跨文化非语言交际。北京：外语教学与探讨出版社。教学与探讨出版社。4/3/2023Thank You!Thank You!