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1、高考英语阜阳虚拟语气知识点易错题汇编及解析 一、选择题 1Tom had his hands full yesterday,otherwise he _ your graduation ceremony.Awill attend Bhad been attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended 2What do you think of the proposal that improvement _ in the type of vacuum cleaner?Abe made Bwill be made Cwould be made Dhas to b
2、e made 3With the help of the detective Sam,Justin was found,so Justins mother insisted an amount of money as a reward.Ato give Bon his giving Che was given Dhe be given 4I strongly suggest that the information _ in my report _ to Mr Brown without delay.Ato be referred to;to be e-mailed Breferring to
3、;e-mail Creferred to;be e-mailed Dbeing referred to;being e-mailed 5Where are the children?The dinners going to be complerely ruined.I wish they always late.Awerent Bhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been 6It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.Ais not star
4、ted Bwill not be started Cnot be started Dis not to be started 7-Are you happy now?-If only I _ slimmer,more beautiful,richer,more clever.Aam Bwere Chad been Dshould be 8They both look as if they _ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.Aare Bwere Chave been Dhad been 9Yesterday,Jane walked a
5、way from the heated discussion.Otherwise,she _ something arbitrary that she would regret forever.Amust have said Bsaid Cmight say Dmight have said 10He was very busy yesterday,otherwise he _ to the meeting.Awould come Bwould have come Ccame Dhad come 11Im sorry.I_to your birthday party if Forget it.
6、I know you were in Shanghai on business then.Ahad come Bwould have come Cneednt have come Dcame 12This winter vacation,my family are going to visit the Great Wall,but I would rather we _ to Shanghai Disneyland.Ago Bhad gone Cwould go Dwent 13Look at the trouble you are in!_your parents advice.AIf on
7、ly you would have followed BIf only you followed CIf only you would follow DIf only you had followed 14Sam insisted that he_the law and_.Adidnt break;mustnt be punished Bdoesnt break;shouldnt punish Chadnt broken;be not punished Dhadnt broken;not be punished 15fired,your health care and other benefi
8、ts will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BCould you be CShould you be DMight you be 16(2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.Ahad Bwill have Cwould have had Dhave had 17It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.Adid
9、I know Bhave I known Cdo I know Dhad I known 18Ms.Lin suggested that he the reading competition.Ahas taken part in Btake a part in Ctakes part in Dtake part in 19-I cant believe it Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your advice Awould he follow Bshould he follow Cdid he follow D
10、had he followed 20The order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.Athat;had to leave Bthat;should leave C/;must leave Dwhen;should leave 21Hes working hard for fear that he _.Ashould fall behind Bfell behind Cmay fall behind Dwould fallen behind 22Mable is very weak,so the doctor advi
11、sed that not only _ more flood,but she should also take more exercise.Ashould she have Bshe should have Cshe has Dhas she 23We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visited Cwould visit Dwould have visited 24Many things we benefit from now w
12、ouldnt be around _ Albert Einstein.Aaside from Bthanks to Cbut for Dregardless of 25In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it_dotted with shining diamonds.Ais Bwere Cwill be Dwould be 【参考答案】*试卷处理标记,请不要删除 一、选择题 1D 解析:D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:汤姆昨天一天都很忙,否则他就去参加你的毕业典礼了。without,otherwise,bu
13、t for 引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,通过介词短语来表示。使用到这些词组的句子中,虚拟语气的用法一般是:对现在的虚拟:would+do;对过去的虚拟:would(not)+have done。根据句意,这句话是对昨天的情况的虚拟,故选 D。【点睛】otherwise 表示“否则”“要不然”时,其后的句子是否用虚拟语气,与句子所表达的意思有关。由于“否则”“要不然”的意思就是“如果不就”,它隐含一种条件在里面,所以,如果根据句意,其中的“条件”是真实的,就用陈述语气;如果其中的“条件”是不真实的,就用虚拟语气。在本题中,根据句
14、意是对昨天的情况的假设,与昨天的实际情况并不相符合,所以应使用虚拟语气。同学们在解题时要注意区分这两种情况。2A 解析:A【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。句意:你认为改进这种吸尘器的建议怎么样?名词 proposal(建议)后面是 that引导的同位语从句,从句应该用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形,且从句主语 improvement和 make 之间是是被动关系,故答案为 A。【点睛】虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 在名词 advice,suggestion,order,proposal等后接的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,其形式为(should)+动词原形,说明“建议、劝告
15、、命令”等的具体内容。如:The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。3D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:在萨姆警探的帮助下,贾斯汀被找到了,所以贾斯汀的母亲坚持要给他一笔钱作为奖励。insist on sbs doing sth.意为“坚持某人做某事“,所以 A和 B
16、 是错误的。Insist也可跟宾语从句,此时的宾语从句是用虚拟语气,should+动词原形,should也可省略。故 C 是错误的,分析句子 Justins mother insisted _an amount of money as a reward.可知,本句中的 should 省略了,故选 D。4C 解析:C【解析】试题分析:通过分析句子结构,可知这个句子中包含一个宾语从句。Refer 与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。表示“建议”的 suggest 之后的宾语从句用 should+动词原形,should 可以被省略的虚拟语气,故选 C。考点:非谓语动词的用法以及宾语从句的
17、虚拟语气 点评:非谓语动词的用法的解题思路,解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。这类动词包括:demand,suggest,order,insist,propose 等。这些动词后面的从句中用“should+动词原形”构成虚拟语气,其中“should”可以省略。例如:He insisted that all o
18、f us(should)be there on time by any means.The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the blackboard after class.注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest 表示“表明,暗示”时,其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。例如:The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.他的表情暗示出他对我为他所做的事非常满意。He insisted that he was
19、honest.他坚持认为自己是诚实的。5A 解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:孩子们在哪里?这顿饭就要被毁掉了。我希望他们不要总是迟到。动词 wish后面的从句要使用虚拟语气。对现在的情况的虚拟,使用一般过去时,根据Where are the children?可知是对现在的虚拟,故 A 正确。6C 解析:C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:建议在所有的准备工作完成之前不要开始这个项目。英语中表示建议、要求、命令的词与名词性从句连用,recommend 与名词性从句中连用时从句中的动词用should+动词原形,should 可以省略,本句动词 recommend 表示建议,
20、that 引导了主语从句,所以本题答案是 C。7B 解析:B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:你现在快乐吗?要是我更苗条、更漂亮、更富有、更聪明就好了。根据上文 now 以及 if only可知是表示与现在情况不同:if only从句主语动词过去式。故选 B。【点睛】If only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望,因为用于虚拟语句时和 wish 类似,表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式与 wish 相同。表示与将来情况不同:if only 从句主语would(could,might)+动词原形;eg:If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次 表
21、示与现在情况不同:if only从句主语动词过去式;eg:If only I wasnt going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦.表达与过去情况不同:if only从句主语would/could have/had过去分词。eg:If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。8B 解析:B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他们俩谈心之后,看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境,as if 引导的表语从句用虚拟语气,根据主句谓语动词 look 可知,是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选B。9D 解析:D【解析】【详解】考查
22、虚拟语气。句意:昨天 Jane 离开了那场热烈的讨论,否则她可能会说一些让她永远遗憾的武断的话。otherwise在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion,即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,所以主句要用 should/would/could/might+have done。故选 D。10B 解析:B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查隐含的虚拟语气。句意:昨天他很忙,否则他就会来参加会议了。这题考查虚拟语气的用法,这里的 otherwise是隐含的虚拟条件句,相当于:If he hadnt been busy yesterday,所以
23、主句用 would have done。选 B。11B 解析:B【解析】【详解】查虚拟语气。句意:我很抱歉。如果,我就来参加你的生日聚会了。不必在意。我知道你那时在上海出差。考此处表示对过去事实相反的假设,if后面省了过去完成时,补充完整应该是 if I had not been out on business,故主句中应该用 should/would/could/might have done结构,故选 B。【点睛】if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should ha
24、ve done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 有时假设的情况并不是以 if 引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有 with,without,but for,otherwise,or,even,in case of,what if(如果将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成 if引导的虚拟条件句
25、。分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是 if 引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为:If I had not had your recommendation,主句为:I would have missed it。故 C选项正确。12D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:这个寒假,我的家人要去参观长城,但是我宁愿去上海迪士尼乐园。would rather后接句子时,用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。故选 D。【点睛】would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:1一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望;2.用过去完成时表过去的愿望。本题考查 wou
26、ld rather 的虚拟语气,根据前句 This winter vocation,my family are going to visit the Great Wall 可以判断是表示将来的愿望,可知用一般过去时,从而得出答案。13D 解析:D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:看看你现在所处的困境。你要是听从你父母的建议多好啊!句意表达与事实相反的假设,要用虚拟语气。Look at the trouble I am in 提示现在已陷入困境,而现在的境况是过去不听从父母的建议导致的。if only“要是该多好啊”表示对过去事实的相反假设时,条件句中要用过去完成时态来表示。故选 D。【点睛】
27、if only引导的虚拟语气的用法 If only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望,因为用于虚拟语句时和 wish 类似,表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式与 wish 相同。表示与将来情况不同:if only 从句主语would(could,might)+动词原形 eg:If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。表示与现在情况不同:if only从句主语动词过去式 eg:If only I wasnt going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦。表达与过去情况不同:if only从句主语would/could have/had过去分词
28、eg:If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。14D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:Sam坚持说他没有违法,也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查 insist用法,第一:当 insist译为“坚持认为”,从句使用陈述语气,该句中 insist使用一般过去时,故从句时态应为过去完成时(had+done);第二:当 insist译为“坚持要求”,从句使用虚拟语气,结构为:主语+should+动词原形,should 可以省略。该句第二个空中 punish与Sam之间构成被动关系,故填 should not be p
29、unished,should 可省略。故选 D 项。15C 解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟条件句。句意:如果你被解雇了,医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响。本句表示与将来事实相反的假设,所以从句为 sb shoud+动词原形。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should或 had时,可省略 if,再把 were,should或 had 移到从句的句首,实行部分倒装。故选 C项。16A 解析:A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有一次机会去更多的参与。本题考查 wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A。点睛:本
30、题考查 wish 引导的虚拟语气。由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:1用 wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用 were)。2用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would,could,might+动词原形。3wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或 could,would+have+done。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village 的时态是一般现在时,可以判断出此题 wish 用于
31、表示现在不可能实现的愿望。17D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟倒装句。句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved 可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用 if I had known 与主句保持一致。if 虚拟条件句中含有 had 时,可将 if 省去,同时将 had 提前构成倒装结构。故选 D 项。【点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时,可
32、以省略 if,而将 had,should 或 were 提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。18D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:林老师建议他参加阅读比赛。suggest 表示“建议”,引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。故应填(should)take part in,should可以省略。故选 D。【点睛】后接虚拟语气的常见词 1)在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request
33、,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令,决定,建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2)类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperati
34、ve,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词;decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3)请注意,当这些词语不
35、是用于表示“命令,决定,建议”的含义时,所引导从句不用虚拟语气。19D 解析:D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我真不敢相信,汤姆又考砸了!如果他听从你的建议,他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知,本句是对过去时间的虚拟,if 引导的条件句用过去完成时,if省略 had 提前,句子倒装,所以是 had he followed。故 D 选项正确。【点睛】if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)wou
36、ld/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟,if引导的条件句用过去完成时,if 省略 had 提前,句子倒装,所以是 had he followed。故 D 选项正确。20B 解析:B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查从句连词和虚拟语气。句意:士兵们第二天早上离开这个小村子这个命令传来。第一空为同位语从句,作 order的同位语,从句中不缺少成分,所以选择 that,order 后面的从句中要使用虚拟语气,即 sb s
37、hould do sth,所以选择 B。21A 解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他工作很努力,惟恐落后。在由“for fear that”引导的从句中,从句用“should+动词原形”。故选 A项。22A 解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查倒装句和虚拟语气。句意:马布尔现在很虚弱,因此医生建议她不仅应该多吃点,也应该多锻炼。advise 意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,常用“(should+)动词原形”虚拟结构;当 not only位于句首时,句中需要部分倒装,因此需要把助动词 should 提到主语 she的前面。故选 A。【点睛】部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词、情
38、态动词、系动词 be,移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面。当具有否定意义或半否定意义的词或短语、结构等放于句首时,句子需要部分倒装。23D 解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们在那个小村庄里迷了路,否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜古迹。由语境及 otherwise可知,逗号后的部分是一个含蓄条件句,由 lost可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,故用 would/could/should/might+have done 结构。故选 D。24C 解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有爱因斯坦,现在我们从中获益的很多东西都不会存在。A.aside from除之外;B.thanks to由于;C.but for如果没有;D.regardless of不管,不顾。分析句子可知,本句与现在事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气,用“如果没有”符合语境和语法,故选 C项。25B 解析:B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:在明亮的阳光下,湖面看起来好像点缀着闪闪发光的钻石。点缀着闪闪发光的钻石是不可能发生的事情,故 as if 用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词应使用一般过去式,be 动词常用 were。故选 B。