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1、现在完成时专题 一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法 1）现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)I
2、 have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afte
3、rnoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与 for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately 等 例如:He has already obtained a scholarship.Have they found the missing child yet?I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.3.现在完成时常常与表示频
4、度的时间状语连用,如 ever,never,twice,several times 等:Have you ever been to Beijing.I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years,just,up to present(now),so far 等 Peter has written six papers so fa
5、r.Up to the present everything has been successful.5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.have been to 和 have gone to 的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在“不在美国”）have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your
6、mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去医院了。另外，注意 has been in 常表示“一直在某地”补充：1.since 和 for 的区别 since 后接过去的某个时间点（如 last term、the time I got there）或含一般过去时的从句 for 后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如 ten years,a while,two days 等。2.表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die,marry 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示
7、的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks.He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has died for 4 months.The old man has been dead for 4 months.They have left only for 5 minutes.They have been away only for 5 minutes.（1）常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（b
8、e not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10 openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或 be amember 18、becomebe（2）用 it issince结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：电影已经开映 5 分钟了。（两种方法）The film has been
9、 on for five minutes.或者 Its five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有 3 天了。（两种方法）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.或者 It is three days since he left Shanghai.巩固练习：一、用单词的适当形式填空 1.Shes _(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _(be)in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _(come)to
10、Hongkong ten days ago.4.Half an hour _(pass)since the train _(leave).5.Mary_(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?6._ you _(find)your watch yet?7.-Are you thirsty?-No I _just _(have)some orange.8.We already _(return)the book.9._ they _(build)a new school in the village?10.I _(not finish)my hom
11、ework.Can you help me?11.My father (read)the novel twice.12.I _(buy)a book just now.13.I _(lost)my watch yesterday.二、单选题 1.How long have you _ here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been 2.My grandpa died _.A.at the age of my 2 B.for 2 years C.when I was 2.D.my age was 6.3.Jane has _ to BeiJing.She will come
12、 back tomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.never been 4.It is ten years _ I last saw her.A.after B.since C.for D.that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will.I _ her several times.A.met B.have met C.had met D.will meet 6.-What a nice dress!How long _ you _ it?-Just 2 weeks.A.will,buy B.did,bu
13、y C.are,having D.have,had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes,She and I _ friends since we were very young.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned 8.The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A.has lived B.lived C.have been D.live 9.-Hello,this is Mr.Green speaking.Can I speak to Mr.Black?-Sorry.
14、He _ the Bainiao Park.A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.will go to 10.-_ you ever _ to the US?-Yes,twice.A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,going 三、句型转换 1、He has never surfed,_?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)_ have they been here?3、The old man _ last year.He _for a year
15、.(die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.
16、(同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.四、翻译 1.自从去年他回到家乡以来，他对写作科幻小说就感兴趣了。2.这位发明家已经去世半年了。3.你生病多久了呢？4.他去过北京许多次，但过去的几年一直在长沙。5.-我还没有吃早饭并且我儿子也没吃.答案 一、1.lived 2.have been 3.came 4.has passed,left 5.lost,have seen 6.Have,found 7.have,had 8.have,returned 9.Have,built 10.havent finished 11.has
17、read 12.bought 13.lost 二、1-5 DCBBB 1-6 DCCBB 三、1、has he?2、How long 3、died,has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is,since 四、1.Since he returned to the/his hometown，he has been interested in writing science fictions.2.The inventor has been dead for half a year.3.How long have you been ill?4.He has been to Beijing many times,but has always been in Changsha in the past/last few years.5.I havent had/eaten breakfast yet,and neither has my son.