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1、高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-1-江苏省南京市2019-2020 学年高二上学期期中英语试题选择题部分第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35 分）第一节（共10 小题：每小题2.5 分，满分25 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑AThe new wave ofplant-based“meat”isgoingmainstreamand straightintooneofAmericas most iconicchainfast-foodburgers,theWhiteCastleSlider.WhiteCastleannounce
2、d Thursdayitisintroducinga vegetarianfake-meatversionof itsfamous mini-burgers.The burgersis one of severalscientificallyengineeredproductsmade tomake plantingredients(成分)tastejustlikebeef.CalledtheImpossibleSlider,itwillbe firstsoldat 140 White Castleeateriesin the NewYork,NewJerseyand greaterChica
3、go areaswiththepotentialfora nationwidepromotion.The White CastleImpossibleSlider-madewithsmoked cheddar cheese,pickles,onionsand a bun-featuresa 2-ouncepattyand costs$1.99.Thatcompares to thechainstraditional0.9-ouncemini-cheeseburgeratabout94 cents.“Plant-basedproteinsare growing.Wefeltitwas a goo
4、d opportunityto testitwith our customers,”CEOLisaIngram said.“Wethinkitwillappeal to a broad range of customers-thosethatare meat caterswho want to trysomethingdifferentand non-meat eaterswho wantthis.”She alsosaidthenew slidersmightbringinnew customers,too.The ImpossibleSliderrepresentswhat few in
5、the traditionalbeef industrythoughtpossible-thatcowlessmeat wouldbe a hitina countryknown foritsmeat-and-potatoesdietand love of burgers.Plant-basedmeat alternativesare growingat rateof about l1%a year,accordingto the researchfirmAcosta.The market isn tjustvegetarians:Some71%of people who buy plant-
6、basedmeat alsoeat the realthing.“Interestinmeat alternativesseems tobe drivenby consumers atlarge,notjustthoselookingforvegetarianlifestyles,butlookingfordiversification(HF1c)oftastesand healthbenefits,”saidBillyRoberts,seniorfood and drinkanalystat the globalmarketresearchfirmMintel.“Our businessis
7、高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-2-a growthbusiness.Therellbe increaseddemands forproductsliketheImpossibleBurger,”ImpossibleFoods ChiefOperatingOfficerDavid Lee said.“Peopleareincreasinglyaskingabout what impactfood has on the environmentand our health.”1.What isthesellingpointoftheImpossibleSlider?A.Itslow price.
8、B.Itsgood taste.C.Itshightechnology.D.Itsplant-basedingredients.2.Accordingtothepassage,who may be attractedby theImpossibleSlider?Peoplelivinga vegetarianlife peoplelookingforvarioustastes peoplevaluinghealth peopledislikefast-foodA.B.C.D.3.What can be inferredfrom DavidLees words?A.Curiositydrives
9、more peopletobuy theImpossibleSlider.B.Peoples concernovertheenvironmentand healthmay helpthenew business.C.Peoples doubtabout foodimpactmay stopthe ImpossibleSlider s popularity.D.Eco-friendlypeopleplayan importantpartinpromotingtheImpossibleSlider.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了ImpossibleSlider一款素食
10、仿肉版的迷你汉堡，是以植物为基础的肉类替代品。可能会吸引各种各样有着不同饮食习惯的消费者。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中The burgersisone ofseveralscientificallyengineeredproductsmade tomake plantingredientstastejustlikebeef.（这种汉堡是几种科学工程产品中的一种，目的是让植物成分尝起来和牛肉一样。）可知 ImpossibleSlider的卖点是它的植物成分。故选D。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Interestinmeat alternativesseems tobe dr
11、ivenbyconsumers atlarge,notjustthoselookingforvegetarianlifestyles,butlookingfordiversification(HF1c)oftastesand healthbenefits,”（“对肉类替代品的兴趣高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-3-似乎是由广大消费者推动的，不仅是那些寻求素食生活方式的人，而且是那些寻求多样化(HF1c)口味和健康益处的人。”）可知素食者、寻求多样化口味以及重视健康的人们可能会被 ImpossibleSlider吸引。即选，故选C。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中ImpossibleF
12、oods ChiefOperatingOfficerDavid Lee said.“Peopleare increasinglyaskingaboutwhat impactfood has on theenvironmentandour health.”（Impossible食品公司的首席运营官大卫李说。“人们越来越多地问，食品对环境和我们的健康有什么影响。”）可推知人们对环境和健康的关注可能有助于新产业的诞生。故选B。BYou may have heardtheexpression“buyingintothedip”.Weusuallythinkofthisintermsofnesting(
13、投资)-forexample,recessions(经济萧条)offeranopportunityto takeadvantageofbuyingcheap stocksthatwere once expensive.But tome,“buyingintothe dip”isa term which coversa lotmore than that.There are a few reasons thatI was able to“buyingintothe dip”and starta businessduringtheGreatRecession:ChopD had zeroupsta
14、rtcosts,withno need forany creditto getstarted.Noloans,just$10 forthe domain name.I pickeda servicethatonlyrequiredmy own timeand laborand that s basicallyit,Not needingcreditwas a bigdealforme,and I didn t even thinkaboutthisat thetime.I was alsosellinga servicethatwas pricedat justthe rightrock-bo
15、ttomlevelto filla need localsmallbusinessbadlyneeded more sales,sinceso many had cuttheirspendingdue to the recession.A websitecouldgivethese businessesa new waytoreachtheircustomers,new and old.From an economic standpoint,the GreatRecession was an opportunityto startifyou were sellingthe rightthing
16、at the rightcost.Duringrecessions,the pool getsway lesscrowded.Potentialcompetitorsbecome much more unwillingto risk,but forthose who have an in-demand service,and the meansto provideit,you are in business.Back in2009,websitedesignhad notyetbecome a commercialservice,Offeringweb designas a servicefo
17、rsmallbusinesseswas a novelidea,and many mom-and-popshops didn t know theyneeded ityet,which bringsme tothis:ifyou can solvea高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-4-fresh-out-of-the-recessionpain pointat the rightprice,you have a chance of buyingintothedipand helpinga lotofpeopleatthesame.4.What is“buyingintothedip”toth
18、eauthor?A.Sellingthingsatlow costs.B.Buyingcheap stocksintime.C.Offeringhelptosmallbusinesses.D.Startinga businesswiththeleastinvestment.5.What does theunderlinedword“novel”inParagraph5 mean?A.Familiar.B.Simple.C.Clear.D.New.6.What can be a suitabletitleforthepassage?A.Startsmall-verysmall.B.Keep an
19、 eye on what you may need.C.Serve right-quiteright.D.Adapt tochanges intheInternetservice.【答案】4.D5.D6.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“逢低买进”这种用最少的投资开始创业的方法，作者结合自身经历来说明如何运用这一方法。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中There are a few reasonsthatI was able to“buyingintothedip”and starta businessduringtheGreat Recession:ChopDhad zero
20、 upstartcosts,withno need forany credittogetstarted.（在经济大萧条时期，我能够“逢低买进”并开始创业，有以下几个原因:ChopD的初创成本为零，创业不需要任何信贷。）可知对作者来说“逢低买进”是指用最少的投资开始创业。故选D。【5 题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Back in2009,websitedesignhad notyetbecome a commercialservice,Offeringweb designas a serviceforsmallbusinesses可知早在2009 年,网站设计还没有成为一个商业服务,为中小企业提供
21、网站设计服务是一个新奇的想法。故划线单高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-5-词意思为“新的”。故选D。【6 题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段You mayhave heard the expression“buyingintothe dip”.We usuallythinkofthisintermsofnesting-forexample,recessionsofferanopportunityto takeadvantageof buyingcheap stocksthatwere once expensive.（你可能听过“逢低买进”这种说法。我们通常认为这是一种嵌套例如，经济衰退提供了
22、一个机会，可以利用它购买曾经昂贵的廉价股票。）以及文章主要内容介绍了作者如何运用“逢低买进”用最少的投资开始创业的。故A选项“从小处着手非常小。”符合文章标题。故选 A。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用referto，be called或 that stosay，suchas 等。逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because 等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一
23、样、相反或是前因后果。语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第二小题，根据上文Back in2009,websitedesignhad notyetbecome a commercialservice,Offeringweb designas a se
24、rviceforsmallbusinesses可知早在 2009 年,网站设计还没有成为一个商业服务,为中小企业提供网站设计服务是一个新奇的想法。故划线单词意思为“新的”。故选D。CWhenI was 10 yearsold,I asked a neighborhoodkid who was olderthan me,“Whichcityis furtherwest:Reno.Nev.,or Los Angeles?”The correctanswer is Reno.Nevada.But he was convinceditwas theotherway around.高中学习讲义只要坚持梦
25、想终会实现-6-He was so convincedthatLos Angeleswas west ofReno thathe was willingto betme two dollars.So I went intothe house to getmy Rand McNallyMap.The kidlookedat themap and said.“The map isdrawn funny.”Itwasn t.Was hisargument thatthemap didn t preserveeast,west,northand south?What kindofmap would t
26、hatbe?I showed him ifyou tracedown the 120-degreewest lineof longitude(经度)-whichruns almost directlythroughReno,Nev.-you end up in the PacificOcean,somewherewest ofLos Angeles.He repliedthatlinesof longitudedont crosstheocean.What?I toldhim thatthe linesof longitudewere thereto show how farwest orea
27、stsome locationwas,regardlessofwhetheritwas on landor on sea.There was one problem,however.He was biggerthanme.I drew a number ofconclusionsfromthisstory.There issuch a thingas truth,but we oftentend toignoreit.Also,it s notjustthinkingsomethingthatmakes ittrue.Truthnot relative.It snot subjective.I
28、tmay be hidden.Peoplemay wishtoignoreit.But thereissuch a thingas truthand pursuit(追求)of truth:tryingtofigureoutwhat has reallyhappened,tryingtofigureouthow thingsreallyare.Almost15 yearsago,I came acrossa storyabout an innocentman,a man who hadbeen sentencedtodeath intheHuntsville,Texas,electriccha
29、ir.And throughhardwork and luck,I was abletomake themovie The ThinBlue Lineand to helpgethimoutofprison.What keptmegoingwas the beliefthattherehad to be answers to the questions.“Did he do it?”“Was he guiltyor innocent?”“Ifhe didn t do it,who did?”and thatIcouldfindan answer tothesequestionsthroughi
30、nvestigating(调查).It snot thatwe findtruthwithbig“T”.Weinvestigateand sometimes we findthingsout and sometimes dont.Theres no way to know inadvance.It s justthatwe have togo ahead as thoughthereareanswers toquestions.We must go ahead asthough,inprinciple,we can findthingsout-evenifwe cant.The alterna
31、tiveisunacceptable.I willnever knowwhether the neighborhoodkid reallydidn tunderstandthe logic高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-7-of myargument about Reno.Nev.Or whether he understooditcompletelyand justdidn twant to admitit.Or whetherhe understooditand justdidn t want to admitit.Orwhetherhe understooditand justdidn
32、 t want topay up.I llneverknow.AllIknow isInevergotmy two dollars.7.Why does theauthortellthestoryoftheneighborhoodboy?A.To recallhisgood olddays.B.To show hisgood sense ofdirection.C.To introducethetopicof findingtruth.D.To stresstheimportanceofgeography.8.Why didtheboy say“The map isdrawn funny.”i
33、nParagraph2?A.Because he had funreadingmaps.B.Because he refusedtoadmithismistake.C.Because themap was drawn ina differentway.D.Because therewere some mistakesinthemap.9.What encouragedtheauthortomake themovie The Thin blueLine?A.Hisdevotiontofilms.B.Hiswillingnesstohelp.C.Hisbeliefinfindinganswers.
34、D.Hismercy fortheinnocentman.10.What can we learnfromthepassage?A.Greatminds thinkalike.B.It s nevertoolatetolearn.C.Truthneverfearsinvestigation.D.Honestyisthebestpolicy.【答案】7.C8.B9.C10.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候和邻家男孩的故事，让作者意识到认识到真理是存在的，但我们常常倾向于忽视它。以及后来作者因为对寻找答案的信念，促使他拍了TheThinblueLine 这部电影，作者想要告诉我们
35、事实真相从来不怕调查。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段第一句There is such a thingas truth,but weoftentend to ignoreit.（真理是存在的，但我们常常倾向于忽视它。）以及结合上文作者讲述的故事可知作者讲述了邻家男孩的故事，是为了引出寻找真理的话题。故选C。【8题详解】高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-8-细节理解题。根据第二段中Itwasn t.Was hisargument thatthe mapdidn t preserveeast,west,northand south?What kindofmap would thatbe?（它没
36、画错。他的论点是地图不存在东、西、北、南吗?那会是什么样的地图呢?）以及倒数第二段中Or whether heunderstooditcompletelyand justdidn t want to admitit.Or whetherhe understooditand justdidn t want toadmitit.Or whetherhe understooditand justdidn twant topay up.（或者他完全理解了，只是不想承认罢了。或者他理解了，只是不想承认。或者他理解了，只是不想付钱。）可知男孩在第2 段中说 地图画错了，是因为他拒绝承认自己的错误。故选B。
37、【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句What kept megoingwas the beliefthattherehad tobe answerstothequestions.（使我坚持下去的是一种信念，即问题必须有答案。）可知作者对寻找答案的信念促使作者拍了The Thin blueLine 这部电影。故选C。【10 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中Icouldfindan answer tothesequestionsthroughinvestigating.（通过调查，我可以找到这些问题的答案。）以及文章主要内容为作者从小时候的故事得到启发，认识到真理是存在的，但我们常常
38、倾向于忽视它。以及文章讲述了作者通过调查来寻求事实真相的故事，文章主要想要告诉我们事实从来不怕调查。故选C。第二节（共5 小题，每小题2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Going greenisa greatway to reduceyourenvironmentalfootprintand helptheplanet.Being green isallabout reducinghow many resourcesyou use,reusingitemswhen you can,and recyclingitemsthat
39、cant be reused._11_Carrya reusablewaterbottleso you willnotneed bottledwater._12_.Not only does itcreatetrash,but italso uses more resourcesbecauseit sshipped to the store.To be more eco-friendly,makeita habitto carrya reusablewater bottlewith you everywhereso thatyou can drinkwater on the go.Plasti
40、cbottlesareusuallythelightestand most convenient.Use reusablebags whileyoureshopping.Shopping bags make iteasy tocarryyouritemshome,buttheyalsopollutetheplanet.Skipthestore s shoppingbags and bringyourown instead,Use a backpack高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-9-thatyou alreadyown,or purchasea coupleofreusablebags f
41、romthecheckoutareaatyourlocalgrocerystore._13_._14_.Before you throw something away,look forways you might reuse it.Try re-purposingitemsor making green crafts.Thiswillhelpyou keep trashout of the landfill.Forexample,insteadof throwingaway a jar,you mightuse itas a glass,vase or storagecontainer.Red
42、uce theamount oftimeyou spend usingelectronics.Whileelectronicsarereallyfunand helpyou feelconnectedtoyourfriends,theyalsouse up a lotof energy.Schedulebreaksfrom yourelectronicsso you canuse them less.Duringyourbreaks,do somethingfunlikegoingfora walkplayinga game withyour friends,or pursuinga hobb
43、y._15_.For instance,insteadofplayingonlinevideogames together,go toa localpart.A.Glassbottleshave come a longway inrecentyears.B.Reuse itemstosave them fromthelandfill.C.You can use yourreusable,bags atmost stores.D.Bottledwaterisreallybad fortheenvironment.E.You probablyneed tochange yourpersonalha
44、bitsF.Inviteyourfriendtoconnectwithyou inreallife.G.You can findideasforgreen craftsby searchingonline.【答案】11.E12.D13.C14.B15.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。环保是减少你的环境足迹和帮助地球的好方法。环保就是减少你使用的资源，尽可能的重复利用物品，回收那些不能重复利用的物品。因此文章主要介绍了四点有助于环保的个人习惯。【11 题详解】本句为第一段最后一句，起到承上启下的作用。结合下文主要为说明一些环保的个人习惯，故 E选项“你可能需要改变你的个人习惯。”符合上下文语境
45、。故选E。【12 题详解】高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-10-结合下文Not onlydoes itcreatetrash,but italsouses more resourcesbecause it sshippedtothestore.To be more eco-friendly,make ita habittocarrya reusablewater bottlewithyou everywhereso thatyou can drinkwater on the go.Plasticbottlesareusuallythelightestand most convenient.（
46、它不仅会产生垃圾，还会消耗更多的资源，因为它被运到了商店。为了更环保，养成随身携带可重复使用的水瓶的习惯，这样你就可以在路上喝水了。塑料瓶通常是最轻和最方便的。）可知本段为建议随身带可重复使用的水瓶，而不要拿会产生垃圾和消耗资源的瓶装水。等故D选项“瓶装水真的对环境有害。”符合上下文语境。故选D。【13 题详解】结合上文Use a backpack thatyou alreadyown,or purchasea coupleofreusablebagsfromthecheckoutarea atyourlocalgrocerystore.（使用你已经拥有的袋子，或者在当地杂货店的收银台购买几个
47、可重复使用的袋子。）可知是在建议使用自己已经拥有的袋子，本句承接上文继续说明在哪里可以获得这些能重复使用的袋子。故C选项“你可以在大多数商店使用可重复使用的袋子。”符合上下文语境。故选C。【14 题详解】本句为本段小标题，结合下文中This willhelpyou keep trashout of the landfill.（这将帮助你不让垃圾进入垃圾填埋场。）中 landfill可知对应到B选项中 fromthelandfill，故 B选项“重复利用物品，把它们从垃圾填埋场中拯救出来。”符合上下文语境。故选B。【15 题详解】结合下文For instance,insteadof playin
48、gonlinevideogamestogether,go to a localpart.（例如，不要一起玩在线视频游戏，而是去当地的一个地方。）可知是在建议和朋友在现实生活中一起玩耍，而不是在网上。故F 选项“邀请你的朋友在现实生活中与你联系。”符合上下文语境。故选F。【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不
49、确定的题目。如第四小题，结合下文中Thiswillhelpyou keep trashoutofthe landfill.（这将帮助你不让垃圾进入垃圾填埋场。）中 landfill可知对应到B选项中 fromthelandfill，故B选项“重复利用物品，把它们从垃圾填埋场中拯救出来。”符合上下文高中学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现-11-语境。故选B。第三部分语言应用（共三节，满分50 分）第一节完形填空（共20 小题：每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。The schoolI att
50、endedcarriedout a traditionduringthe eighthgrade graduation.A scholarshipjacketwas _16_ to the studentwiththe highestgradesforeightyears.I had been a straightA studentsincethefirstgrade.The principlecalledmeintohisofficebefore_17_.“Martha,there s been a _18_ thisyearabout the scholarshipjacket.As yo