《1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf（15页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、11994 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of English The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.In speaking,the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance.Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in the communication cycle.Too often,careless u
2、se of words _3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may _4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmission-reception system breaks down.6_,inaccurate or indefinite words may make _7 difficult for the listener
3、 to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.1.A of B at C for D on 2.A inaccessible B timely C likely D invalid 3.A encourages B prevents
4、C destroys D offers 4.A pass out B take away C back up D stir up 5.A who B as C which D what 6.A Moreover B However C Preliminarily D Unexpectedly 7.A that B it C so D this 8.A speech B sense C message D meaning 9.A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable 210.A case B means C method D way Section
5、Reading Comprehension Passage 1 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private busi
6、nessmen,striving to make profits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consume
7、rs,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands ca
8、n be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy,this mechanism is provided by a price system,a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.If the product is in short supply relative to the demand,the
9、 price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to 3increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the produ
10、ct.Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over natural resources,and produce goods and
11、services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.11.In Line 11,Para
12、1,“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”means_.A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B Americans tend to overstate their incomes C Americans want to have their incomes increased D Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 12.The first two sentences
13、in the second paragraph tell us that_.A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B consumers can express their demands through producers C producers decide the prices of products D supply and demand regulate prices 13.According to the passage,a private-enterprise economy is chara
14、cterized by_.4A private property and rights concerned B manpower and natural resources control C ownership of productive resources D free contracts and prices 14.The passage is mainly about_.A how American goods are produced B how American consumers buy their goods C how American economic system wor
15、ks D how American businessmen make their profits Passage 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.They give their owners automatic credit in stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services avai
16、lable as well.More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open.For many of us the“cashless society”is not on the horizonit s already here.While computers offer these conve
17、niences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range of records,including who sold what,when,5and to whom.This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing whic
18、h items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And the
19、y also identify preferred customers for promotional.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw mate
20、rials on hand,and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.15.According to the passage,the cre
21、dit card enables its owner to_.A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes B obtain more convenient services than other people do C enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper D cash money wherever he wishes to 16.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that _.A in the future all
22、 the Americans will use credit cards B credit cards are mainly used in the United States today C nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash 6D it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 17.The phrase ring up sales(Lin e 3,Para.2)most probably means“_”.A make an order of goods B record
23、 sales on a cash register C call the sales manager D keep track of the goods in stock 18.What is this passage mainly about?A Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B Conveniences brought about by computers in business.C Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D Advantages of cred
24、it cards in business.Passage 3 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children,we find oursel
25、ves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and de
26、velopment.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society s understandingthe knowledge,hopes,and fears that are passed on to the next generation.7Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that minor we can see the strengths,the weaknesses,the hopes,the preju
27、dices,and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilit
28、ies.“All men are created equal.”Weve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law,it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies
29、 educational opportunity for all childrenthe right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity,whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or notto an appropriate education,and have ordered that p
30、ublic schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response,schools are modifying their programs,adapting instruction to children who are exceptional,to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.19.In Paragraph 2,the author cites the example of the leading actor on
31、 the stage to show that _.A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are 8C exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society D the needs of the society weig
32、h much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 20.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_.A they are expected to be leaders of the society B they might become a burden of the society C they should fully develop their potentials D disabled chi
33、ldren deserve special consideration 21.This passage mainly deals with_.A the differences of children in their learning capabilities B the definition of exceptional children in modern society C the special educational programs for exceptional children D the necessity of adapting education to exceptio
34、nal children 22.From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _.A is now enjoying legal support B disagrees with the tradition of the country C was clearly stated by the country s founders D will exert great influence over court decisions Passage 4 9“I have great c
35、onfidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,”says microbiologist Robert Weinberg,an expert on cancer.“But,”he cautions,“Some people have the idea that once one understands the causes,the cure will rapidly follow.Consider Pasteur.He discovered the causes of
36、 many kinds of infections,but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year,50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years.In the year 2000,the National Cancer Institute estimates,that figure will be 75 percent.For some skin cancers,the
37、five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent.But other survival statistics are still discouraging 13 percent for lung cancer,and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas(胰腺).With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy.The researchers made great progress in the
38、 early 1970s,when they discovered that oncogenes,which are cancer-causing genes(基因),are inactive in normal cells.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.If several oncogenes are driven into action,the cell,unable to turn them off,becomes
39、 cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious,but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.“Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,”says oncologist William Haywar.Environmental factors can neve
40、r be totally eliminated;as Hayward points out,“We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”10The prospects for cure,though still distant,are brighter.First,we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself.Second,we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells w
41、hich are always responsible for at least part of the trouble.If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract its action.23.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to_.A.predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade B indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are b
42、right C prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years D warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered 24.The author implies that by the year 2000,_.A there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients B 90 percent of the skin-canc
43、er patients today will still be living C the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers D there won t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 25.Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_.A that are always in operation in a healthy person B which remai
44、n unharmful so long as they are not activated C that can be driven out of normal cells D which normal cells can t turn off 26.The word dormant in the third paragraph most probably means_.11A dead B ever-present C inactive D potential Passage 5 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by“unt
45、aught minds”to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.Sir Alexander Fleming did not,as legend would have it,look at the mold(霉)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his
46、discovery.Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error.Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at th
47、e goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach.Everybody gets ideas,but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.What ordinary people see as fanci
48、ful abstractions,professional innovators see as solid possibilities.Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,wrote Rudolph Flesch,a language authority.This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple inno
49、vations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:How come nobody thought of that before?12The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything.Faced with getting fr
50、om A to B,the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route.The innovator will search for alternate courses,which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individua