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1、UNIT 1 陌生人的善意迈克?麦金太尔1 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。2 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我
2、有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？3 我想到我此行的目的地新奥尔良。那里是田纳西?威廉姆斯的剧作欲望号街车的背景地。我回想起布兰奇?杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。”4 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？5 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？6 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？7 满 37
3、 岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是在这片金钱至上的土地上的一次身无分文的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。8 1994 年 9 月 6 日，我早早起床，背起一个50 磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。9 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上
4、前来问，“你这个 美利坚 ”在哪儿？”10 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了 82 次便车，行程4223 英里，穿越了14 个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。11 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12 “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里
5、前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼科医生的。13 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。”14 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。”15 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的
6、。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张贴了邮票的明信片：一张是让她知道我这趟旅行结果如何；另一张是要第二天寄出的，告诉她我在哪里，免得她为我担心。16 听说我没钱，又不愿意接受钱，每个州的人们都会给我买食物或者和我分享他们手头有的东西。在加州的尤凯亚，一位国家公园管理员给了我一些胡萝卜，一名大学生给了我几大袋有机西红柿和瓜类。艾奥瓦州的一名妇女给了我两大包全麦饼干，两罐果汁汽水、两个金枪鱼罐头、两个苹果和两块鸡肉。17 拥有最少的人往往给予的最多。在俄勒冈一个叫迈克的房屋油漆工注意到天气十分寒冷，就问我有没有外套。我回答
7、说“有件薄的”，他开车带我去他家，翻遍了车库，递给我一件肥大的绿色军大衣。18 在俄勒冈的另一个地方，一个叫蒂姆的锯木厂工人邀请我去他们破旧的家里和他家人一起吃了顿简单的晚餐。他给了我一本圣经，然后又要把家里的帐篷给我。我拒绝了，因为我知道那极有可能是这家人最值钱的一样东西了。然而蒂姆执意让我接受，所以最后我只好同意。19 我感激我所遇到的所有人，感谢他们让我搭车，给我食物，给我提供住处，送我礼物。但最友善的举动是，他们是那么自然真诚。20 有一天，我走进了田纳西州的詹姆斯敦一家当地商会。在这座古老建筑里一个男人从他凌乱的桌子旁站起身。“请进，”59岁的巴克斯特?威尔逊说。他是那儿的执行会长。
8、21 我向他打听在当地露营的事。他递给我一本当地露营地的小册子。“需要我帮你打电话吗？”他问。22 我一看露营得花12 美元，就回答，“不用了，没事。我也不知道我该怎么做。”23 这时他看见了我的背包。“这里差不多每个人都会让你在他们的地里支帐篷的，如果那是你所想要的话。”他说。24 这话就对了，我想。“有没具体的方位？”我问。25 “跟你说吧，我有个大农场，在从这儿往南大概10 英里。要是你五点半能在这儿，我可以开车带你去。”26 我接受了，于是我们开车去了一幢华丽的乡村住宅。突然，我意识到他是邀请了我到他家过夜。27 我们走进厨房时，他的妻子卡萝尔正在炖牛肉块。她是一名七年级的科学老师，简
9、直就是南方魅力的化身。28 巴克斯特解释说，当地人是“不爱外出的山里人”，他觉得自己也是这么一个人。“我们很少在家里招待客人，”他说，“招待的话，一般是亲戚。”他的这番透露让我那一夜变得更加不同寻常。29 第二天我下楼时，卡萝尔问我愿不愿意去学校跟她班上的孩子们谈谈我的旅行。我告诉她我可不想怂恿一帮七年级的孩子去搭便车游遍美国，但卡萝尔说孩子们应该接触到外面的世界是什么样子包括好的一面和坏的一面。“他们需要了解真相，”她说。30 我同意了。没过多久，我就被安排给学校每个班讲话。所有的孩子都彬彬有礼而且聚精会神。他们的问题不断冒出来：哪儿的人们最友善？我穿坏过多少双鞋？有没有人试图轧死我？别的地
10、方的猪脚也有这么好吗？我有没有爱上过谁？我最害怕的是什么？31 尽管我并没有打算这么做，我发现爱国主义的语调贯穿了那天下午的讲话。我告诉学生们，我对美利坚的信念如何重新燃起了。我告诉他们，生活在一个人们仍然愿意帮助陌生人的国度里，我有多么自豪。我告诉他们，我当初计划这次旅行时脑子里的问题已经得到明确的解答。的确，不管你是谁，你仍然可以依赖陌生人的善意。Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main Ideas1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences a
11、ccording to the information contained in the listening passage.1 Before graduating from college,the speaker was asked to _.A)make a piece of cake for the classB)write down people s response to her smileC)observe how people smile at each otherD)act kindly to someone2 While waiting for her turn to get
12、 her breakfast at the local McDonalds,the speaker _.A)was ready to serve the two poor homeless men who smelledB)saw a terrible dirty man standing in the lineC)found that a short gentleman was waiting for his mealD)noticed that a homeless man was smiling at her3 The two poor homeless men went to the
13、local McDonalds to _.A)warm themselves B)have their breakfastC)wait for someone D)search for a friendly smile4 At the sight of the two homeless men,the speaker _.A)turned away from them to join her familyB)ordered for them two cups of hot coffeeC)bought them two breakfast mealsD)asked them what they
14、 wanted to eat5 After the speaker turned in her“project,”the speaker s professor and her classmates _.A)had a heated discussion about smileB)exchanged their unusual experiencesC)were deeply touched by her smileD)were greatly moved by her storyTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording
15、 carefully and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1 The speaker is a mother of three and has recently completed her college degree.The last project the professor assigned her to do was to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction.2 Soon after she wa
16、s assigned the project,she went with her family to the local McDonalds on a cold March morning.Just when they were standing in line,waiting to be served,she smelled a horrible“dirty body”smell.Two poor homeless men were also standing in line.They just wanted to sit in the restaurant and warm up,so t
17、hey only asked for coffee.Obviously,it was all they could afford.3 Then she was suddenly filled with sympathy.All eyes in the restaurant were set on her,judging her every action.She smiled and bought the two homeless men two breakfast meals.4 She returned to college,with this story in hand.She turne
18、 d in her“project.”Her professor read it to the whole class.The whole class was touched.She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE.Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Te
19、xt A.1)Why didn t the author stop for the hitchhiker?He thought that someone else would stop for him.And he was afraid of a possible robbery.2)Did he feel guilty for not helping the young man?No.He didn t.But he was bothered by his easy and quick decision of leaving the young man stranded alone in t
20、he desert.3)Why did the author decide to start his journey across America pennilessly?He wanted to test if a person could still rely solely on the kindness of strangers or the good will of his fellow Americans these days.4)What did he discover as he travelled?He found out that others shared his fear
21、.Yet they still stubbornly helped strangers like him.5)What had happened to the trucker the author met on a rainy day?He was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker.6)What conclusion did the author draw from his experiences mentioned in Paras.15 18?He found that people were generally compassionate
22、.And those who had the least to give often gave the most.7)Why did Carol invite the author to talk to her class about his trip?She thought the children should be exposed to what else was out there the good and the bad.8)What conclusion did the author make about his trip when he talked to the student
23、s?He concluded that his faith in America had been renewed and that people could still depend on the kindness of strangers.2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s)of each part provided as follows.Write down the main idea of each part.Part:One;Paragraph(s):1 7;Main Idea:Be
24、cause of a past experience of neglecting a hitchhiker in need of help,the author decided to travel across America without any money to find out if one could still rely on the kindness of strangers these days.Part:Two;Paragraph(s):8 28;Main Idea:During his trip,he found out that people were generally
25、 compassionate and willing to help although they might have fears.Part:Three;Paragraph(s):29-31;Main Idea:He talked to school children and concluded in a patriotic manner that in America people could still depend on the kindness of strangers.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sente
26、nces carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicized parts.1)In the middle of the desert,I came upon a young man standing by the roadside.He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand.(Para.1)By doing so,the young man was telling the passing drivers that h
27、e wanted to hitchhike as his car had run out of gas.2)The week I turned 37,I realized I d never taken a gamble in my life.(Para.7)This week I would be 37 years old,yet I realized that I had always been very careful in my life and I had never taken a risk,for example,trusting on the kindness of other
28、s.3)It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar.(Para.7)The author is being a bit sarcastic here.He would take no money with him and travel across the US,where it is believed that money can do everything and anything.The phrase almighty dollar is a playful allusion to the
29、familiar term Almighty God4)Yet I was treated with kindness in every state I traveled.I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger,even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests.(Para.11)I was amazed by the continual show of kindness of my fellow Americans,e
30、ven though helping a stranger would mean taking a risk.5)I didn t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping.(Para.13)The author had mixed feelings:whether to kiss the two women for their kindness,or give them a lesson by cautioning them not to trust any stranger,for they could have run in
31、to a bad person instead of himself.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Choose the definition in Column B that best matches each italicized word in Column A.1)c2)d3)a4)j5)h6)b7)e8)i9)g10)f2 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word.An antonym is a word that
32、means the opposite of another word.Write S before each pair of synonyms and A before each pair of antonyms.The first word in each pair is taken from Text B and the corresponding paragraph number has been indicated for you.Example:S virtually,almost(Para.1)1)S govern,control(Para.3)2)S signal,sign(Pa
33、ra.4)3)S participate,join(Para.5)4)A heave,lower(Para.6)5)S collapse,fall(Para.7)6)S establish,found(Para.10)7)S locate,situate(Para.10)8)A occasional,frequent(Para.15)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1)What is the author and his wi
34、fe s opinion about becoming a true friend to someone whose name they don t know?The author and his wife used to think that it was virtually impossible to be a true friend to someone whose name they didn t know.But now they realize they w ere wrong.Years of Sunday-morning bus trip through the city wi
35、th the same“nameless”people have completely changed their thinking.2)Why does the author say that taking the Sunday-morning bus trip requires teamwork though they don t know each other s names?There is always the same group of regular passengers.The bus driver and the passengers acted routinely with
36、 due care and attention,as if they were cooperating in a team.The driver should perform his duties well and the passengers should obey the written and unwritten rules.There should be no smoking,no littering,and everyone should behave in a polite and decent manner.Under such circumstances,names are n
37、o longer important.3)What can we learn about the silent woman from Para.5?The silent woman always sits up front and never responds to others greetings.Her worn clothing suggests that she is not rich.However,she is considerate enough to bring the bus driver a cup of coffee each time she takes the bus
38、 ride.4)Why does the factory security guard always slump down in his seat with his eyes closed?He has just come off a long night shift and he feels sleepy and tired.5)Why was the bus very late one Sunday morning?On that morning a regular passenger collapsed on the sidewalk as he was moving forward t
39、o board the bus.The other passengers tried to help him and waited with him for an ambulance to arrive.6)What do you know about the Mexican couple?The Mexican couple love each other very much.They always board the bus hand in hand and are still holding hands when they get off the bus.The woman was pr
40、egnant late last year and now they have a new baby.All the regular passengers feel happy for the young Mexican couple.7)Why do the passengers enjoy the company of a group of Haitians?The Haitians have a great sense of fun.The passengers are all delighted to have their company.They always chuckle and
41、 nod when the Haitians are all aboard.8)Why is the woman who sits up front always silent?She has a speech impediment.Talking is hard for her.9)What do you know about the silent woman s family life?She is a single mother with a disabled son who is receiving special care away from home.She lives alone
42、 and feels lonely and misses her son very much.The Sunday-morning bus ride is the best thing she does all week,and an occasional visit to the fish restaurant is almost as good as the second best thing.She rides the Sunday-morning bus simply for the companionship of the driver whose name she doesnt k
43、now,but who appreciates the hot coffee she brings.10)How did the author and his wife feel about the dinner with the silent woman?They all had a wonderful time.For the silent woman,an occasional visit to the fish restaurant was a pleasant experience and this time it was even better with the companion
44、ship of the author and his wife.The author and his wife also enjoyed the dinner and they felt that the fish had never tasted better.When they left the restaurant,they were already friends with each other.And they shared their names.2 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them
45、 is true or false based on the information contained in Text B.Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.1)T On Sundays the author and his wife take the bus to go to church regularly for years.2)F The bus driver is required to remember the stop of every regular pas
46、senger.(He is not required to do so.But he makes it his business to remember where every regular passenger should get off the bus.)3)F The silent woman always gets the driver a cup of coffee because she is well-off.(The worn clothing of the silent woman suggests she doesn t have much money to spare,
47、but she always clutches an extra cup of coffee for the driver.)4)F The driver has to wake up the factory security guard every time and reminds him of getting off the bus.(The security guard closes his eyes until the precise moment that the bus approaches his stop.Then,he opens his eyes and gets off
48、the bus.)5)T The rotund fellow is very grateful because other people have helped him.6)T The passengers enjoy their ride together and words or names are not necessary to them.7)F The author and his wife developed a good relationship with the silent woman after taking the same bus for some months.(Fo
49、r many months,the only sadness for the author and his wife is that they can t establish the same rapport with the silent woman.)8)F They found their fish tasted better because they shared a good dinner with the silent woman.(They found their fish tasted better because they had finally learned the st
50、ory of the silent woman and made friends with her.)Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit.Complete the following sentences with the words given.Change the form where necessary.1)My neighbo