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1、2021全国各类成人高等学校考试英语（专升本）考试真题及答案1. 【语音知识】（江南博哥）选出下列选项中划线部分读音不同的选项（）A. cakeB. gasC. bagD. tax 正确答案：A2. 【语音知识】选出下列选项中划线部分读音不同的选项（）A. toughB. laughC. thoughD. cough 正确答案：C3. 【语音知识】选出下列选项中划线部分读音不同的选项（）A. pupilB. musicC. hugeD. lucky 正确答案：D4. 【语音知识】选出下列选项中划线部分读音不同的选项（）A. gestureB. matureC. mixtureD. struct
2、ure 正确答案：B5. 【语音知识】选出下列选项中划线部分读音不同的选项（）A. leaderB. pleasureC. leatherD. measure正确答案：A6. 【词汇与语法知识】-Did you find the film boring? -Not at all. It was_.A. terrificB. bitterC. horribleD. miserable 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：你觉得这部电影无聊吗?一点也不。这部电影非常棒。terrific意为“极好的”，bitter意为“令人悲痛的”，horrible意为“可怕的，讨厌的”，miserable意为“痛苦的”，
3、故选A。 7. 【词汇与语法知识】By the time he retires, Carl_president for 15 years at the university.A. would beB. will have beenC. will beD. has been 正确答案：B参考解析：句意：等到卡尔退休的时候，他已经在这所大学-3了l5年校长了。by the time引导状语从句时，从句如果用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句用将来完成时，故选B。 8. 【词汇与语法知识】The pipe in the kitchen is broken. We should have it_as so
4、on as possible.A. to be repairedB. repairedC. to repairD. repairing 正确答案：B参考解析：句意：厨房里的水管坏了，我们应该尽快把它修好。have sthdone为固定用法，have在这个搭配里是使役动词，意为“使某事被做”，强调某物被动地接受动作，并且可以不标明动作的实施者，只强调接受动作的一方，故选B。 9. 【词汇与语法知识】Every time I met her, she would show her concern_me and my family.A. againstB. onC. fromD. for 正确答案：
5、D参考解析：句意：每次我见到她，她都会对我和我的家人表示关心。show concern for sb意为“对某人表示关心”。故选D。 10. 【词汇与语法知识】Mary demanded that he_the books he borrowed from her a month ago.A. returnB. would returnC. returnedD. had returned 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：玛丽要求他把一个月前从她那里借的书还给她。demand后接宾语从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即“demand(that)sb(should)do sth”，故选A。 11. 【
6、词汇与语法知识】We have to accept the fact_there is a shortage of qualified teachers in the countryside.A. thatB. whichC. sinceD. because 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：我们必须接受农村缺乏合格的教师这一事实。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个连词引导同位语从句，且只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分，故选A。 12. 【词汇与语法知识】There are enough night schools in this city. Adults can be educated no ma
7、tter_old they are.A. howB. whatC. whenD. where 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：这个城市有足够多的夜校。不管年龄多大，成年人都可以接受教育。no matter how意为“无论怎样”，no matter what意为“无论什么”，no matter when意为“无论何时”，no matter where意为“无论何地”，故选A。 13. 【词汇与语法知识】Those_are willing to help others are likely to be popular among people.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. wha
8、t 正确答案：C参考解析：句意：那些愿意帮助别人的人更可能受到人们的欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个连词引导定语从句。先行词是those，定语从句中缺少主语，且主语为人，故选C。 14. 【词汇与语法知识】Many young people have stopped_newspapers because they read the news online now.A. buyB. to buyC. boughtD. buying 正确答案：D参考解析：句意：许多年轻人不再买报纸了，因为他们现在都在网上看新闻。stop to do sth意为“停下来去做另外一件事”，stop doing s
9、th意为“停止做某事”，故选D。15. 【词汇与语法知识】Susie s experience is unusual_she travelled 20 countries in only one month.A. so thatB. except thatC. in thatD. such that 正确答案：C参考解析：句意：苏西的经历很不寻常，因为她在短短一个月内游历了20个国家。SO that意为“所以”，except that意为“除之外”，in that意为“因为”，such that意为“如此以至于”，故选C。 16. 【词汇与语法知识】The company has 80 sta
10、ff members,_15 foreign experts.A. not to countB. not countedC. having not countedD. not counting 正确答案：D参考解析：句意：该公司有80名员工，不包括15名外国专家。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个动词的现在分词形式，且为一般现在时。counting意为“包括，把算入”，相-3于including，故选D。 17. 【词汇与语法知识】The young mother_ever gets a chance to study, except when the children have gone to
11、bed.A. hardlyB. almostC. onlyD. nearly 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：除了孩子们睡觉后的时间，这位年轻的母亲几乎没有机会学习。hardly意为“几乎不”，almost意为“几乎”，only意为“仅仅”，nearly意为“差不多”，故选A。 18. 【词汇与语法知识】_the result of the exam, she stood at the door of the classroom, disappointed.A. KnowingB. To be knownC. KnownD. To know 正确答案：A参考解析：句意：知道考试结果后，她失望地站在
12、教室门口。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个非谓语动词，know的逻辑主语是she，两者之间是主动关系，因此应用动词的现在分词形式。动词不定式表示将来，过去分词形式表示被动，均不符合题意，故选A： 19. 【词汇与语法知识】Natural gas can serve as an_to coal and oil because it is more environmentally friendly.A. optionB. extraC. additionD. alternative 正确答案：D参考解析：句意：天然气可以作为煤和石油的替代品，因为它更环保。0ption意为“选择”，extra意为“额
13、外的事物”，addition意为“增加物”，alternative意为“替代物”，故选D。 20. 【词汇与语法知识】The librarian did some careful checking and found several books _from the shelf.A. leakingB. missingC. losingD. dropping正确答案：B参考解析：句意：图书管理员仔细检查了一下，发现书架上少了几本书。leaking意为“泄露”，missing意为“失踪，不在”，losing意为“损失”，dropping意为“掉落”，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-35题 A
14、s children move towards adulthood (成年), they become taller, stronger, and more independent.At some point in adulthood, 21 , a slow decline begins. Their hair often 22 gray, their skinwrinkles, and their muscles begin to 23 Their short-term memory may suffer, and they often 24 part of their vision or
15、 hearing. Scientists are not 25 sure what causes the effects of aging. The body might have a time 26which would determine how long the cells can remain 27 Depending on the type of animal and itsenvironment, animals age at different rates and live 28 different lengths of time. An animal in agood zoo-
16、well 29 and protected from predators (捕食者) -often lives longer than the same typein the wild. 30 , people who live in rich countries generally live longer than 31 in poor countries. Several other factors also 32 how long people live and the quality of their lives. One factor isgenetics (遗传). In some
17、 families, it seems that many 33 have long lives. Genetics may alsodetermine whether people 34 certain diseases. Another factor is lifestyle. People who keep theirminds 35 and often communicate with friends will feel younger and may live longer. People whokeep a normal weight, exercise, and do not s
18、moke may also age more slowly. 查看材料21. 【完型填空】第（21）题选A. moreoverB. besidesC. thereforeD. however 正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意：然而，在成年后的某个时期，开始缓慢衰退。moreover意为“而且”，besides意为“此外”，therefore意为“因此”，however意为“然而”。根据句意，故选D。 查看材料22. 【完型填空】第（22）题选A. fallsB. turnsC. staysD. seems 正确答案：B参考解析：本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。falls
19、意为“降落”，turns意为“转变”，stays意为“保持”，seems意为“似乎”。根据句意，故选B。 查看材料23. 【完型填空】第（23）题选A. growB. developC. shrinkD. fade 正确答案：C参考解析：本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。grow意为“生长”，develop意为“发展”，shrink意为“收缩”，fade意为“褪色”。根据句意，故选C。 查看材料24. 【完型填空】第（24）题选A. loseB. harmC. protectD. improve 正确答案：A参考解析：本句句意：他们的短期记忆可能会受到影响，也经常丧失部
20、分视力或听力。lose意为“丧失，失去”，harm意为“伤害”，protect意为“保护”，improve意为“提高”。根据句意，故选A。 查看材料25. 【完型填空】第（25）题选A. simplyB. exactlyC. purelyD. strictly 正确答案：B参考解析：本句句意：科学家们还不太确定是什么导致了衰老。simply意为“简单地”，exactly意为“确切地，正确地”，purely意为“纯粹地”，strictly意为“严格地”。根据句意，故选B。 查看材料26. 【完型填空】第（26）题选A. labelB. lackC. linkD. limit 正确答案：D参考解析
21、：本句句意：身体可能有一个时间限制，这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健康多久。label意为“标签”，lack意为“缺乏”，link意为“联系”，limit意为“限制”。根据句意，故选D。 查看材料27. 【完型填空】第（27）题选A. healthyB. brightC. stableD. secure 正确答案：A参考解析：本句句意：身体可能有一个时间限制，这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健康多久。healthy意为“健康的”，bright意为“明亮的”，stable意为“稳定的”，secure意为“安全的”。根据句意，故选A。 查看材料28. 【完型填空】第（28）题选A. withB. onC
22、. inD. for 正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意：根据动物的种类和生存环境的不同，动物的衰老速度和寿命也不同。live with意为“与同居”，live on意为“靠生活”，live in意为“居住在”，live for+一段时间意为“生存多久”。根据句意，故选D。 查看材料29. 【完型填空】第（29）题选A. clothedB. trainedC. behavedD. fed 正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意：生活在良好的动物园里的动物，食物充足，免受捕食者的伤害，通常比生活在野外的同类寿命更长。clothed意为“穿衣”，trained意为“训练”，behaved意为“表现”，fed意
23、为“喂养”。根据句意，故选D。 查看材料30. 【完型填空】第（30）题选A. FinallyB. MostlyC. CommonlyD. Similarly 正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意：同样，生活在富裕国家的人通常比生活在贫穷国家的人寿命长。finally意为“最终地”，mostly意为“通常”，commonly意为“通常”，similady意为“同样地”。根据句意，故选D。 查看材料31. 【完型填空】第（31）题选A. thoseB. thatC. othersD. some 正确答案：A参考解析：本句句意：同样，生活在富裕国家的人通常比生活在贫穷国家的人寿命长。分析句子可知，空格处
24、需要填一个代词指代people。that和those都可以用来代替前面提到的名词，但that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，those指代可数名词复数。因为people为复数名词，故选A。 查看材料32. 【完型填空】第（32）题选A. judgeB. formC. causeD. affect 正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意：一些其他的因素也会影响人们的寿命和生活质量。judge意为“判断”，form意为“构成”，cause意为“造成”，affect意为“影响”。根据句意，故选D。查看材料33. 【完型填空】第（33）题选A. friendsB. membersC. racesD. names
25、 正确答案：B参考解析：本句句意：在一些家庭中，似乎很多成员都很长寿。friends意为“朋友”，members意为“成员”，races意为“种族”，names意为“名字”。根据句意，故选B。 查看材料34. 【完型填空】第（34）题选A. takeB. makeC. getD. cause 正确答案：C参考解析：本句句意：基因也可能决定人们是否会患上某些疾病。take意为“拿”，make意为“制作”，get意为“获得，患上”，cause意为“造成”。根据句意，故选C。 查看材料35. 【完型填空】第（35）题选A. calmB. cleverC. firmD. Active正确答案：D参考解
26、析：本句句意：那些头脑活跃、经常和朋友交流的人会觉得更年轻，也可能更长寿。calm意为“平静的”，clever意为“聪明的”，firm意为“坚定的”。active意为“活跃的”。根据句意，故选D。材料题根据下面资料，回答36-39题 Pain is an emotional as well as physical response to injury or disease. Intense fear and anxiety arevital immediate responses that cause you to avoid sources of pain whenever possible
27、. Sometimes,however, pain persists even when the injury or disease is no longer present. A painful feeling canbecome associated with constant stress, bad.memories, or lasting fear. Medicine is often essential for controlling pain in the short term, but taking painkillers (止痛药)for an extended period
28、can lead to addiction (上瘾) or serious physical side effects, including stomachand liver diseases. Your body may also build up a tolerance to a drug so that you get less benefit from itas time goes on. Although you should always seek medical advice if pain is severe or continues for a long time, youc
29、an also use techniques to control it. Mind-body techniques can reduce or help control pain-with norisk of side effects. Most people relax with deep, controlled breathing to reduce the tension that comeswith pain. Try lying quietly in a dark room; breathe in deeply while counting to 10, hold the brea
30、th fora moment, and then exhale slowly for a count of 10. Continue this for 10 -20 minutes. Shifting your attention often reduces pain s severity (严重程度). Try turning your attention awayfrom the painful area, focusing instead on a non-painful part of your body. Or, imagine the pain as a bigball of en
31、ergy outside your body, and make it smaller in your mind. Train yourself to replace thethoughts like I cant stop this pain, with positive ones such as This pain is only temporary. In this practice, you merely acknowledge the pain by actively fighting it, instead of allowing it todominate your though
32、ts. 查看材料36. 【阅读理解】Which of the following is people s natural response to pain?A. They tend to feel worried and frightened.B. They want to make sure it won t last long.C. They prefer to forget the bad memories.D. They try to find out what may cause pain. 正确答案：A参考解析：文章第一段第二句提到，强烈的恐惧和焦虑是至关重要的即时反应，使你尽可能
33、避免疼痛的来源。故选A。 查看材料37. 【阅读理解】What can be inferred about taking painkillers from Paragraph 2?A. It leads to addiction in a short period of time.B. It builds up the tolerance to pain.C. It becomes less effective over time.D. It cures stomach and liver diseases slowly. 正确答案：C参考解析：文章第二段第二句提到，你的身体也可能会对药物产生
34、抗药性，随着时间的推移，药效会越来越弱。故选C。 查看材料38. 【阅读理解】Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word exhale in Paragraph 3?A. To breathe out.B. To fall asleep.C. To turn your body.D. To get up. 正确答案：A参考解析：根据上文可推测，exhale与breathe in对应，互为反义词。故选A。 查看材料39. 【阅读理解】What would be the best title for the passage?A.
35、 How to Use Your Brain to Manage Pain?B. What Is the Right Way to Shift Your Attention?C. What Is the Correct Way to Take Medicines?D. How to Eliminate Painkillers Side Effects? 正确答案：A参考解析：文章第一段提到疼痛与压力、记忆和恐惧有关。第二段提到止痛药在短期内能起到作用。第三段提到深呼吸能够减少疼痛带来的紧张感。第四段提到转移注意力会减轻疼痛。最后一段提到这一系列的行为都是在积极地对抗疼痛感，而不是让疼痛感主宰你
36、的思想。所以，文章主要讲的是如何用你的大脑来控制疼痛。故选A。 材料题根据下面资料，回答40-43题 Sweden is aiming for a zero-waste society. This takes the country s recycling revolution one stepfurther-from putting rubbish in landfills (废物填埋场), to recycling to reusing. It is early morning. Before 31-year-old Daniel Silberstein goes to his offic
37、e, he has separated outhis empty cartons (纸箱) into the containers in the shared basement. It is just some of the two tons ofrubbish he and his fellow Swedes recycle per person each year. The thing about recycling is that it s quite automatic. It s basically a thing you naturally do,Silberstein says.
38、 A big part of it is thinking about what kind of environment our daughter is going to have in thefuture. I am a kid of the 1990s and not recycling is kind of abnormal for us, but for my daughter sgeneration it will hopefully go even further. She already thinks it s fun to push the cartons into there
39、cycling station when I take her there. The main problem today is that many used products are hard to deal with. A new movement isgaining ground that seeks to ensure everything can be reused somehow. In 2017 the Swedish governmentreformed the tax system so that people could get cheaper repairs on use
40、d goods, and a Swedish clothingcompany operates a recycling project where customers get a discount upon handing in old clothes.Meanwhile, scientists are working on finding new clothing materials that are less damaging to theenvironment. For Daniel Silberstein and his daughter Charlie, the future beg
41、ins at home. Friends shouldnt Inthrow rubbish on the ground, Charlie says, and her dad agrees: the future we 11 look at the oldstyle of recycling the way we look at fossil (化石) fuels and landfill sites today. It will all seem crazy. 查看材料40. 【阅读理解】What is the main reason for Silberstein to practice r
42、ecycling?A. To protect the environment.B. To save more money.C. To obey the local rules.D. To follow his fellows. 正确答案：A参考解析：文章第四段第一句提到，西尔伯斯坦之所以进行废物回收主要是考虑到将来后代的生活环境。由此可知，他进行废物回收是为了保护环境。故选A。 查看材料41. 【阅读理解】What is the main problem for Sweden to build a zero-waste society?A. The younger generation doe
43、s not like used goods.B. Rubbish is often thrown on the ground.C. Many used goods are difficult to handle.D. The older generation is not used to recycling. 正确答案：C参考解析：文章第五段第一句提到，如今面临的主要问题是，许多使用过的产品很难处理。故选c。 查看材料42. 【阅读理解】Which of the following is true about Sweden s recycling revolution?A. The gover
44、nment encourages people to store used goods.B. Scientists are funded in inventing new clothing materials.C. The kids must put the cartons into the recycling station.D. People may buy new clothes cheaper after returning old ones. 正确答案：D参考解析：文章第五段第三句提到，2017年，瑞典政府改革了税收制度，让人们可以以更低的价格修理旧物品，瑞典一家服装公司实行了一个回
45、收计划，顾客上交旧衣服时可以获得新衣服的折扣。故选D。 查看材料43. 【阅读理解】What is the writers attitude towards building a zero-waste society in Sweden?A. Approving.B. Disappointed.C. Doubtful.D. Critical. 正确答案：A参考解析：整篇文章都在描述瑞典为实现建立零浪费社会这一目标而采取的行动，因此作者是很支持这一行为的。故选A。 材料题根据下面资料，回答44-47题 Welcome to Stratford-upon-Avon, home of the wor
46、ld s most famous writer, William Shakespeare( 1564 - 1616). Stratford is famous in history for many old buildings from the Middle Ages. Our aim isto attract you to explore our lovely town following streets that Shakespeare would have known and wouldstill recognize. Stratford-upon-Avon has been a market town since before Shakespeare s day. It was a small rivercrossing until it received its legal status as a town in 1196. The original crossing was close to the site ofClopton Bridge, one of the oldest bridges in the country. After 500 years, the bridge still bears traffic,whi