《(精品)名词 高考英语 语法.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《(精品)名词 高考英语 语法.ppt(31页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、名名 词词1具具有有某某种种特特性性、状状态态、特特点点、情情感感、情情绪绪的的人人或或事事,表表示示变变化化了的了的词义时词义时,这这一抽象名一抽象名词词可作可作为为可数名可数名词词。(1)difficulty 困困难难;a difficulty 一件一件难难事事(2)experience 经验经验;an experience 一次一次经历经历(3)failure 失失败败;a failure 一位失一位失败败者,一件失者,一件失败败的事的事(4)knowledge 知知识识;a good knowledge 对对精通精通/熟知熟知(5)success 成功;成功;a success 一位成
2、功者,一件成功的事一位成功者,一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇;惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉;荣誉;an honour 一位一位(件件)带带来荣誉的人或事来荣誉的人或事Failure is the mother of success.失失败败是成功之母。是成功之母。The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚会很成功,我昨晚的晚会很成功,我们们唱啊跳啊直到晚会唱啊跳啊直到晚会结结束。束。Losing the ga
3、me was a difficult experience for her.对对她来她来说说,输输掉比掉比赛赛是一种痛苦的是一种痛苦的经历经历。2有些物有些物质质名名词词可个体化可个体化为为可数名可数名词词Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡?你想喝点咖啡吗吗?I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。物物质质名名词词可数名可数名词词物物质质名名词词可数名可数名词词drink 饮饮料料two drinks两杯两杯饮饮料料sugar 糖糖a sugar 一一块块糖糖coffee 咖啡咖
4、啡a coffee一杯咖啡一杯咖啡paper 纸纸a paper一一张报纸张报纸;一篇论文一篇论文tea 茶茶two teas两杯茶两杯茶hair 头发头发a hair 一根一根头发头发1.(2010济济宁宁检检测测)We all hold the belief that _2012 London Olympic Games will be _success.A/;a aB Bthethe;/Cthe;a Da;a解解析析:第第一一空空为为特特指指,应应用用定定冠冠词词the;第第二二空空success 为为抽抽象象名名词词具具体体化化,“一一个个成成功功的的人人或或事事”,应应用用不不定定冠
5、冠词词a,类类似似的的词词还还有有failure,pleasure 等。等。答案:答案:C2(2010福福建建卷卷)Its_good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them_pleasure.A/;a a B Ba a;/Cthe;a Da;the解解析析:句句意意为为:上上海海世世博博会会给给人人们们带带来来了了欢欢乐乐,欣欣赏赏世世博博会会是是一一种种美美好好的的感感受受。有有些些不不可可数数名名词词,如如knowledge,command,feeling等等,前前面面有有“a/an形形容容词
6、词”修修饰饰时时,表表示示一一件件具具体体的的事事情情或或一一个个的的人人。pleasure意为意为“愉快,快乐愉快,快乐”,为不可数名词,故不加冠词。,为不可数名词,故不加冠词。答案:答案:B1accident,incident,affair,event(1)accident“意意外外事事件件,偶偶发发事事件件”,一一般般指指(不不幸幸的的)事事故故,如如车车祸祸、天灾之天灾之类类。(2)incident 多多指指较较小小的的事事件件、小小插插曲曲或或人人生生中中所所碰碰到到的的虽虽小小但但留留下下较较深印象的平凡事情,也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。深印象的平凡事情,也可以指外交、政治方
7、面的重大事件。(3)affair“事物,要事事物,要事”,头绪头绪繁多的事;恋繁多的事;恋爱爱事件。事件。(4)event“大事大事”,也可指比,也可指比赛项赛项目。目。One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.七分之一的交通事故是司机困倦造成的。七分之一的交通事故是司机困倦造成的。Three people were arrested in connection with the rockthrowing incident.3个人因与扔石个人因与扔石头头事件有关而被捕。事件有关而被捕。The Prime Minister is bus
8、y with affairs of state.首相忙于政首相忙于政务务。A daughters marriage is quite an event for a father.女儿的婚姻女儿的婚姻对对父父亲亲而言确而言确实实是件大事。是件大事。2quantity,personality,quality,character(1)quantity 表示表示“数量数量”。(2)quality 既既可可以以表表示示事事物物的的“品品质质”,还还可可以以表表示示人人的的“品品德德,素素质质”。(3)character 泛泛指指性性格格,无无所所谓谓好好坏坏,还还可可以以表表示示“角角色色,文文字字,字
9、字母母”。(4)personality 意意为为“个性个性”。Its often less expensive to buy goods in quantity,but youd better exam the quality before buying them.大量大量购购物便宜,但是在物便宜,但是在购买购买之前你最好之前你最好检测质检测质量。量。(2009湖湖北北卷卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for character.独独自自徒徒步步旅旅行行可可能能会会很很有有趣趣并并且且
10、有有益益于于健健康康。或或许许对对意意志志的的磨磨炼炼也也有好有好处处。3condition,situation,state,position(1)condition 意意为为“条条件件,情情况况,状状况况”,其其单单数数形形式式指指人人或或物物所所处处的的状状况况,这这时时与与state 意意义义相相近近,常常可可互互换换,但但condition 还还常常指指由由于于一一定定原原因因或或条条件件造造成成的的状状态态,如如人人的的健健康康状状况况、物物的的完完好好程程度度、设设备备的的可可用用性等。复数形式多指一般、性等。复数形式多指一般、笼统笼统的情况。的情况。(2)situation 指某
11、一指某一时间时间由各种情况造成的由各种情况造成的“处处境境”“形形势势”。(3)state 指指人人或或事事物物所所处处的的状状态态或或状状况况,常常和和condition 换换用用,此此外外,state 还还常表示思想、感情、心理等状常表示思想、感情、心理等状态态。(4)position 指人或事物所指人或事物所处处的位置,地位。的位置,地位。(2009陕陕西西卷卷)From their position on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.从他从他们们在在电视电视塔塔顶顶的位置,游客的
12、位置,游客们们可以更好地看到可以更好地看到这这个城市。个城市。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生学生们们必必须须接受如何接受如何应应付危付危险险情况的教育。情况的教育。Ive had no exercise for ages,and Im really out of condition.我好久不运我好久不运动动,身体欠佳。,身体欠佳。They were silent for a long time,in a state of painful hesitation and doubt.他他
13、们处们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑虑状状态态中,中,长时间长时间相相对对无言。无言。4power,strength,force,energy(1)power 主主要要指指做做事事所所依依靠靠的的能能力力、功功能能,也也可可指指人人或或机机器器等等事事物物潜在的或潜在的或发挥发挥出来的力量,出来的力量,还还可以指可以指职权职权或政或政权权。(2)strength 指固有的潜力。指固有的潜力。说说人人时时,指,指“力气力气”;说说物物时时,指,指“强强度度”。(3)force 主主要要指指自自然然界界的的力力量量;暴暴力力、势势力力以以及及法法律律、道道德德或或感感情情的力量;的力
14、量;军军事力量等。事力量等。(4)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。Its not within my power to help you.我是我是爱爱莫能助啊。莫能助啊。A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.洗衣机省洗衣机省时时又省力。又省力。The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.联联合国尽力禁止使用暴力。合国尽力禁止使用暴力。Youll need to apply all your energy to this job.
15、你需要把全部精力投入到你需要把全部精力投入到这项这项工作中去。工作中去。1.(2010浙浙江江卷卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct_.Asolution BtargetCmeasure Dfunction解解析析:句句意意为为:学学校校顾顾问问会会帮帮你你梳梳理理一一下下你你的的问问题题,但但是是他他们们不不会会给给你你任任何何直直接接的的解解决决办办法法。本本题题考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。solution 解解决决问问题题的的办办法法;targe
16、t目目标标,靶靶子子;measure措措施施;function功功能能,作作用用。根根据据句句意选意选A。答案:答案:A2(2010江江西西卷卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)_of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解解析析:句句意意为为:去去年年毕毕业业时时就就有有驾驾照照的的学学生生数数量量已已达达到到20万万,平平均均每每年年4万万。本本题题考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。aver
17、age 平平均均,平平均均数数;a number of 许许多多,大大量量,修修饰饰可可数数名名词词;an amount of 许许多多,大大量量,与与不不可可数数名名词词连连用用;a quantity of 许许多多,大大量量的的,修修饰饰可可数数和和不不可可数数名名词词。根根据据句句意意,选选A。答案:答案:A3(2011黑黑龙龙江江检检测测)If youre looking for a _,you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解解析析:考考查查名名词词词词义义辨辨析析。on sale 表表示示“廉廉价价
18、出出售售”,因因此此应应用用bargain(特特价价商商品品)与与之之呼呼应应。句句意意为为:如如果果你你在在寻寻找找特特价价商商品品,减减价价出出售时你就可以买到。售时你就可以买到。答案:答案:B4(2010烟烟 台台 二二 模模)An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_.Asigns BsymptomsCsignals Dappearances解解析析:考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。sign意意思思是是“标标记记,迹迹象象,记记号号”;symptom意意思思是是“症症状状”
19、;signal意意思思是是“信信号号”;appearance意意思思是是“外外观观,外表外表”。显然只有。显然只有B项符合题意,即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。项符合题意,即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。答案:答案:B1(2010山山东东卷卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get_from this medicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter解解析析:句句意意为为:患患头头痛痛的的人人将将会会发发现现通通过过使使用用这这种种药药,他他们们的的头头痛痛会会得得到到缓缓解解。考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。
20、relief 轻轻松松,缓缓和和;safety 安安全全;defense 防御,保护;防御,保护;shelter 居所,庇护。居所,庇护。答案:答案:A2(2010天天津津卷卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make_for the television.Aroom BareaCfield Dposition解解析析:句句意意为为:James 从从小小桌桌上上拿拿走走了了(堆堆放放的的)杂杂志志给给电电视视机机腾腾地地方方。本本题题考考查查了了名名词词在在动动词词短短语语中中的的用用法法。固固定定短短语语make room f
21、or sb./sth/sth.为某人为某人/某物腾地方。其余选项无此用法。某物腾地方。其余选项无此用法。答案:答案:A3(2010江江苏苏卷卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good_.Aexpectation BreputationCcontribution Dcivilization解解析析:句句意意为为:这这名名医医生生对对心心脏脏病病的的治治疗疗技技术术高高超超,并并且且从从不不接接受受病病人人送送
22、的的任任何何礼礼品品,因因此此,他他名名声声很很好好。本本题题考考查查名名词词。expectation 期期待待,预预料料;reputation 名名誉誉,名名声声,声声望望;contribution 贡贡献献;civilization 文明。文明。答案:答案:B4(2010安安徽徽卷卷)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond_.Ahearing B strengthCrecognition Dmeasure解解析析:句句意意为为:自自从从Sara 还还是是孩孩子子的的时时候候,我我就就
23、一一直直没没见见过过她她。她她现现在在已已经经变变得得(让让人人)认认不不出出来来了了。beyond recognitionimpossible to recognize 无法辨认。无法辨认。答案:答案:C5(2010湖湖 北北 卷卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide_of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解解析析:句句意意为为:这这家家餐餐馆馆很很受受欢欢迎迎,因因为为它它提提供供各各种种食食物物,能能满满足足各各种种口口味味和
24、和各各种种消消费费层层次次。本本题题考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。四四个个名名词词选选项项的的主主要要含含义义:division 区区分分,分分开开,除除法法,部部门门;area 区区域域,面面积积,范范围围;range:a number of people or things that are all different,but are all of the same general type 一一系系列列,(变变动动或或浮浮动动的的)范范围围,界界限限;circle 圆圆周周,循环,社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次,由此判断选循环,社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次,由此判断选C。答
25、案:答案:C6(2010湖湖北北卷卷)After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide_for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture解解析析:句句意意为为:地地震震发发生生之之后后,当当地地政政府府所所做做的的第第一一件件事事就就是是为为无无家家可可归归的的家家庭庭提提供供住住宿宿。本本题题考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。四四个个名名词词选选项项的的主主要要含含义义:accommodation 住
26、住处处,停停留留处处,膳膳宿宿;occupation 职职业业,占占有有期期间间,占占有有;equipment 设设备备,器器材材,装装备备,配配备备;furniture 家家具具。从从语语境境的的“地震之后地震之后”“失去家园的家庭失去家园的家庭”判断,本题选判断,本题选A表示提供表示提供“住宿住宿”。答案:答案:A7(2009湖湖北北卷卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for_ building.Arespect BfriendshipCreputation Dcharacter解解
27、析析:句句意意为为:独独自自徒徒步步旅旅行行可可能能会会很很有有趣趣并并且且有有益益于于健健康康,或或许许对对意意志志的的磨磨炼炼也也有有好好处处。respect尊尊重重,爱爱戴戴;friendship友友谊谊;reputation名名誉誉,荣荣誉誉,声声望望;character性性格格,品品格格,品品质质,特特点点,特特性性。又又如如:The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.在地震发生后,小男孩重返学校表现出了他优秀的品质。在地震发生后,小男孩重返学校表现出了他优秀的品质。答案:答案
28、:D8(2009湖湖北北卷卷)In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a_for everyone to stand up.Asignal BchanceCmark Dmeasure解解析析:句句意意为为:在在课课堂堂上上,铃铃声声响响起起,老老师师合合上上书书就就是是我我们们要要起起立立的的信信号号。signal信信号号,导导火火线线;chance机机会会,运运气气;mark分分数数,标标志志;measure措措施施,办办法法,尺尺寸寸。又又如如:This is signal that yo
29、u are breaking down.这这是是你你身身体体逐逐渐渐变变垮垮的的信信号号。The signal that the war broke out between two countries is oil.两个国家爆发战争的导火线是石油。两个国家爆发战争的导火线是石油。答案:答案:A9(2009安安徽徽卷卷)China has got a good_for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.Areputation BinfluenceCimpression Dknowledge解解析析:
30、句句意意为为:在在抗抗击击流流感感方方面面,中中国国以以细细致致和和流流畅畅的的组组织织而而获获得得良良好好的的声声誉誉。reputation声声誉誉;influence影影响响;impression印印象象;knowledge知识。知识。答案:答案:A10(2009山山东东卷卷)He says that my new car is a_of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack BloadCquestion Dwaste解解析析:句句意意为为:他他说说我我新新买买的的小小汽汽车车浪浪费费钱钱。难难道道你你不不认认为为这这是是吃吃不不到到葡葡萄萄就就说说葡葡萄萄酸酸吗吗?lack缺缺乏乏;load负负荷荷;question问问题题;waste浪费。浪费。答案:答案:D练规范、练技能、练速度