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1、(三三)So,do with care.所以要小心所以要小心年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意
2、图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。20012005年阅读理解试题分类情况年阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量题目设计数量20012002200320042005试试题题设设计计分分类类事实细节题事实细节题35114主旨大意题主旨大意题3333词义猜测题词义猜测题44411推理判断题推理判断题9729识图计算题识图计算题11上下文上下文构词法构词法猜测词意1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明 标点符号标点符号 ()-:It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.Tornadoes(violent and
3、 destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot,humid(a little wet)day,but not necessarily in the summer.1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明 定语从句或同位语定语从句或同位语 Modern medicine began with the stethoscope,a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats.He was a prestidigitator who e
4、ntertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegeta
5、tion to support human life.1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight
6、to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班2、对比关系、对比关系 信号词信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等等 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such use
7、less things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large n
8、umber of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的不同意不同意3、因果关系、因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elasti
9、c.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Ex.3 Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted
10、the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪4、举例法、举例法 信号词信号词:such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chic
11、kens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.5、重述、重述 信号词信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins bel
12、ong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.6、同义词、近义词、同义词、近义词 信号词信号词:or,like,asas,the same as The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.7、生活经验、生活经验,生
13、活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on
14、 the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.Ex.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
15、症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖小试身手1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的成功的 B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3
16、months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级祝祝功功成成你你!4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C.全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was
17、 quite sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever祝祝功功成成你你!7.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study
18、 C.name D.interest8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.house9.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-b
19、ooks C.magazines D.newspapers祝祝功功成成你你!10.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry11.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight12.That museum is so immen
20、se that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.A.small B.large C.dull祝祝功功成成你你!ncelebrity (A.名人名人 B.作家作家 C.主持人主持人)Two years ago that singer had no money and no fame.Now she is a famous celebrity.nenterprising (A.令人惊讶的令人惊讶的 B.神秘的神秘的 C.有进取心的有进取心的)Frank is a very enterprising person.He
21、 always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better.nin the public eye That actress has been in the public eye almost all her life.She first appeared on a TV show when she was 8 years old.npromote (A.提升提升 B.推销推销 C.遥控遥控)If you want the boss to choose you for the job,promote yourself as the be
22、st person.nultimately(A.按时地按时地 B.最终最终 C.幸福地幸福地)Bob just started dating(约会约会)Susan.He hopes this relationship will ultimately lead to marriage.What does“in the public eye”mean?A.公众熟悉的公众熟悉的,出名的出名的Tips:in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB.在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C.公开的公开的 D.令人眼热的令人眼热的MrMr Zhang often a
23、ppears Zhang often appears in public.But he is not famoushe is not But he is not famoushe is not in the public eyein the public eye.8.8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：例题：Tom cant find his sneakers.C.shoesTom cant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers
24、.A.moneyB.bowlsl）Jane is usually prompt.Alate Bon time Cpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightTom saw an owl
25、last night but it flew away when he got near3）The boy wants a pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants a brown pony The boy wants to ride a brown pony.4）The children are looking at an ape.Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zooThe children are looki
26、ng at a large,hairy(毛的)ape at the zoo 5）The trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit Capple The fresh trout is very cheapThe fresh trout is very cheap,but I dont know how to cook it6)The lady asked the waitress to get her a saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate The lady asked the waitress to get her a clea
27、n saucerThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on 7)We seldom see a sparrow now.Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdWe seldom see a sparrow in the sky.We seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be高考阅读理解中的深层理解技巧Rea
28、ding Comprehension SkillsDeep layer comprehension深层理解题深层理解题1、题目、题目(title)2、文章中心（、文章中心（main idea)3、写作目的（、写作目的（purpose)4、作者态度（、作者态度（attitude)5.内容的深层推理内容的深层推理(inference)一、题目一、题目题目的特点题目的特点1、独特新颖、独特新颖2、涵盖性强、涵盖性强3、短小精炼、短小精炼What is the best title for this passage?The best headline for this newspaper articl
29、e is题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、中间或结尾概括中间或结尾概括,没有主题句的要从全文大意来没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括概括.常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：解题技巧解题技巧：1、主题句出现在开头。模式：总、主题句出现在开头。模式：总 分分 分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式说明文、议论文常用此方式。Passage 1The best title for this text would be A.Pets Help Attract CustomersB.Your Favori
30、te Office PetsC.Pets Join the Workforce D.Busy Life for PetsPassage 2 Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work,a move scientists say can be good for productivity,workplace morale，and the well-being of animals.What would be the best title for the text?A.A Cross-country Trip B.A S
31、pecial Border PassC.An Unguarded Border D.An Expensive Church VisitMontreal(Reuters)-Crossing the US-Canada border(边界边界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen$10000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）（安全）rules.CD、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分 分分 总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。Pa
32、ssage 3What would be the best title for the text?A.Alice-cities cities of the future?B.Space travel with H.G.WellsC.Enjoy living underground D.Building down,not up Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space.The surface,t
33、hey say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wilderness.H.G.Wells“moon people”would agree.Would you?D导引摆事实结论3、主题句出现在中间。模式：分、主题句出现在中间。模式：分 总总 分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行 论述）。论述）。Passage 4What would be the best title for this passage?A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.B.Smoking is a bad
34、 habitC.Dr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smokingD.Why did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer?Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society.About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,accounting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths.More th
35、an 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related,according to the Lung Cancer Organization.A4、无主题句，题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。、无主题句，题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。Passage 5Which of the following would be the title for the text?A.Childhood Dream B.A Mothers Love C.A Graduation Party D.A Special BirthdayFac
36、ts:my 12th birthday my graduation dance feel loved like the gardenia mothers deathClue:loveB二、文章中心二、文章中心1、直接文章中心：直接从文章的信息点提到或概括出来的中心主旨。、直接文章中心：直接从文章的信息点提到或概括出来的中心主旨。常用的句式有：The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about Whats the main subject of the passage?解题技巧：概括文章的中心方法基本上跟题目判断方法一致。解题技
37、巧：概括文章的中心方法基本上跟题目判断方法一致。特别注意：特别注意：文章中的文章中的but,however,as a result,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而的方向词。而for example,first,or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。Passage 6 You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temp
38、erature.But,rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an island nation-the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.The text is mainly aboutA.rapid changes in earths temperature B.bad effects of global warmingC.moving of a country to a new place D.reasons
39、 for lowland floodingB2.隐含文章中心：从文章表面的信息去推断文章隐藏的中心主旨。隐含文章中心：从文章表面的信息去推断文章隐藏的中心主旨。常用的句式：常用的句式：From the text we can learn that From the passage,we can conclude that From the passage,we can infer that The text implies(suggests)thatPassage 7From the passage,we can infer thatA.Babbage failed to be a famou
40、s scientist at Cambridge.B.Babbage always had new ideas but gave them up easily.C.Babbage always needed support from the government officials.D.Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer.D三、写作目的三、写作目的1、文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。常用表达的句式：常用表达的句式：What is the purpose of this article?The p
41、urpose of this passage is2、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章 的言外之意。的言外之意。常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：Whats the authors purpose of writing this article?The author writes this passage in order to The purpose of the speaker isThe purpose of the speaker is .A.to satisfy the customers various tastes B.to keep the au
42、thors in the cinema bookstoreC.to offer the tourists chances to meet the film starsD.to turn the readers into film producesAPassage 8四、作者态度、倾向四、作者态度、倾向 作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：The au
43、thors attitude towards this article is Passage 9 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿行贿),and death.Frankly,I am sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.informA五、具体内容的深层推理五、
44、具体内容的深层推理深层推理是指不直接说出，而是从片语信息中推导出深层的内涵。深层推理是指不直接说出，而是从片语信息中推导出深层的内涵。常用的表达句式常用的表达句式：What can we infer from the(second,third,last)paragraph or ones words?The second paragraph implies(suggests)that Passage 10“If people say to you:the greenhouse effect（温室效应）is a good thing because we would go into an ice
45、 age otherwise,our data say no,a new ice age is not hanging over or heads,”said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey.“Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages.And you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.”We can infer from Eric Wolffs words that A.there is something wrong with the data B.greenhouse effect is always a bad thing C.a new ice age will not come in the near future D.greenhouse gas will get thick in the futureC