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1、ERGONOMICS人类工程学From the Greek words“ergon”meaning work and“nomos”meaning knowledge.来自于希腊语“ergon”,意思是工作,“nomos”意思是知识1ErgonomicsErgonomics:人类工程学Musculoskeletal injuries prevention预防肌肉和骨骼的损伤Principle of making the workplace and job tasks fit the people使工作场所和工作任何适宜于人体Poor ergonomics has been linked to f
2、atigue,repetitive motion injuries,monotonous work,stress,back,shoulders,arm,hand and eye strains.不良的人类工程学导致疲劳,重复运动损伤,单调工作,压力,背部/肩部/胳膊/手/眼损伤Staff members establishing the work environment must have a basic understanding of ergonomics.建立工作环境的人员应有人类工程学基本知识JR Laboratories Inc.2ErgonomicsErgonomics must
3、be considered when:何时须考虑人类工程学Purchasing equipment采购设备Designing experiments实验设计Designing workstations工作台设计JR Laboratories Inc.3ErgonomicsKey elements of good ergonomic design:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Shared equipment should be readily adaptable to different operators and different tasks共享设备适应于不同的操作者和任务The high o
4、f work surfaces and lab.benches should allow for elbows to bend at right angles with arms parallel to the floor工作台表面和实验台的高度应使肘部弯曲成直角与地平平行Footrests may be need to be provided to ensure legs are supported可能需要踏脚提供腿部支撑JR Laboratories Inc.4ErgonomicsKey elements of good ergonomic design:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Lab.
5、work areas should be designed to avoid excessive bending,reaching,stretching,twisting motions or awkward postures实验室工作场所设计应避免过度弯脚,拉伸,伸展,扭曲运作或难受的姿势Chair and lab stool design should be adjustable,chairs should have a stable base,arms of chair shall be adjustable in height and weight椅子和凳子的设计应可调节.椅子应有稳定
6、的基座,椅子扶手可按高度和重量调节Task lighting should be used to provide for sufficient illumination and eliminate shadows工作用灯光应提供充分的照明,消除阴影JR Laboratories Inc.5ErgonomicsKey elements of good ergonomic design:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Repetitive physical work could be rotated between employees重复的体力工作应在员工中轮流承担Adequate air qualit
7、y,temperature,humidity and supply should be distributed to all work areas为所有工作场所提供充分的空气质量,温度,湿度和供应Proper lifting techniques should be used使用适当的起重技术JR Laboratories Inc.6ErgonomicsErgonomic in the lab.实验室中的人类工程学Computer workstation计算机工作台Administrative tasks(use of telephones,staplers,letter openers,ho
8、le punching devices,photocopying,filling cabinets,)管理事务(电话,订书机,信件开启工具,打孔器,复印机,档案柜的使用等)Laboratory(fume hoods design,workbenches,use of microscope,)实验室(通风橱,工作台,显微镜的使用等)JR Laboratories Inc.7ErgonomicsComputer workstations:JR Laboratories Inc.8ErgonomicsAdministrative tasks:管理事务Use of telephones电话使用Stap
9、lers,letter openers,hole punching devices use larger handles for more solid grip钉书机,信件开启工具,打孔器-使用大的把手更牢固地抓握)Photocopying good workstation organizing(boxes of paper,copy machine leveling,)复印机-良好工作站管理(纸箱,复印机水平等)Use of handcarts and elevators to carry materials使用手推车和电梯搬运物品JR Laboratories Inc.9Ergonomic
10、sLaboratory实验室Fumehoods/Biological safety cabinets design通风橱/生物安全柜设计Workbenches工作台Microscopy显微镜Pipeting 移液管JR Laboratories Inc.10ErgonomicsGeneral rules:通用规则Importance of workstation settings(storage,distance,haw we can reach the object,possible adjustments to individual needs,)工作站设置的重要性(储存,距离,如何拿到物
11、品,根据个人需求的调节等)Repetition and Duration重复和持续时间Lighting(safety regulations requirements,even distribution throughout workplace,dont create glare or shadows)照明(安全法规要求,工作场所均匀布光,不能产生眩光或阴影)JR Laboratories Inc.11ErgonomicsRepetitive jobs:重复性工作If performing repetitive task for a long period of time,occasional
12、 stretching exercise may be recommended长时间做重复性工作,推荐不时的伸展运动Switching tasks between the staff人员轮岗Regular brakes定期减慢或停止工作JR Laboratories Inc.12ErgonomicsSome examples:实例JR Laboratories Inc.13ErgonomicsExamples continued:实例JR Laboratories Inc.14ErgonomicsExamples continued:实例JR Laboratories Inc.15ErgonomicsExamples continued:实例(avoid overhead lifting)JR Laboratories Inc.16ErgonomicsQuestions?问题?JR Laboratories Inc.17Ergonomics