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1、后接 doing 的动词 appreciate,avoid,admit,advise,cant help,consider,complete delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,keep(on),miss,mind,practice,risk,suggest preferto be used to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy(in)cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of insist on put
2、off be good at give up be successful in feel like 后接 to do 的动词 A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、intend、demand)B.同意(agree、promise)C.意愿(choose,refuse,hesitate,seek,promise,long)D.决定，企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、manage)E.afford,pretend,threaten,fail,plan 既可以跟 doing又可跟 to do begin to do sth.doing sth.star
3、t to do sth.doing sth.continue to do sth.doing sth.like to do sth.doing sth.love to do sth.doing sth.hate to do sth.doing sth.try to do sth.doing sth.forget to do sth.doing sth.remember to do sth.doing sth.regret to do sth.doing sth.stop doing sth./to do sth.后接 sb.to do sth.ask 要求,beg恳求,invite 邀请,re
4、quest 要求,require 要求,want 希望想,get 使/要,drive 驱使,instruct 指示/命令,order 命令,advise 劝说,tell 告诉,encourage鼓励,enable 使能够,remind提醒,allow 允许,teach 教,forbid禁止 英语常用不规则动词分类表 1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hurt hurt hurt 受伤 hit hit hit 打，撞 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 set set
5、 set 安排，安置 spread spread spread 展开，传播，涂 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰,shut shut shut 关上,闭起,停止营业 2.ABB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beat beat beaten 打败 3.ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 become became become 变 come came come 来 run ran run 跑 4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母 d,t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形 过去式 过去分词 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 deal dealt dealt
6、 解决 dream dreamed dreamed 做梦 hear heard heard 听见 hang hanged/hung hanged/hung 绞死，悬挂 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃,照亮 mean meant meant 意思 prove pru:v proved proved 证明,证实 shine shone/shined shone/shined 使照耀，使发光 show showed showed/shown 展示,给.看 smell smelled/sme
7、lt smelled/smelt 闻,嗅 speed sped sped/speeded sped/speeded 加速 spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt 拼写 wake waked/woke waked/woken 醒来，叫醒,激发 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形 过去式 过去分词 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 改建,重建 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）原形oug
8、ht ought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架 think thought thought 思考,想(4)原形aught aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 catch caught caught 捉,抓 teach taught taught 教（5）变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 dig dug dug 掘(土),挖(洞、沟 feed fed fed 喂 find found found 发现，找到 get got got/gotten
9、得到 hold held held 拥有，握住，支持 lead led led 引导,带领,领导 meet met met 遇见 sit sat sat 坐 shoot shot shot 射击 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰,stick stuck stuck 插进,刺入,粘住,win won won 赢 （6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 feel felt felt 感到 keep kept kept 保持 leave left left 离开 sleep slept slept 睡觉 sweep swept swept 扫 (
10、7)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 lay laid laid 下蛋,放置 pay paid paid 付 say said said 说 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 lose lost lost 失去 have had had 有 make made made 制造 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 retell retold retold 复述 5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 blow blew blown 吹 drive drov
11、e driven 驾驶 draw drew drawn 画画 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 give gave given 给 grow grew grown 生长 forgive forgot forgiven 原谅,饶恕 know knew known 知道 mistake mistook mistooken 弄错;误解,overeat uv i:t overate overeaten (使)吃过量 prove pru:v proved proven/proved 证明,证实,试验 take took taken 拿 throw threw thr
12、own 抛，扔 ride rode ridden 骑 see saw seen 看见 show showed showed/shown 展示 write wrote written 写 （2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 get got got/gotten 得到 hide hid hidden 隐藏 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 freeze froze frozen 冷冻,结冰 speak spoke spoken 说 steal stole stol
13、en 偷 (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 下沉,沉没 swim swam swum 游泳 ring rang rung 打电话 （4）其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am,is,are)was/were been 是 bear bore born/borne 负担,忍受 do did done 做 fly flew flown 飞 go went gon
14、e 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿 第二节 被动语态 be done 一般集中在挑错题中 特别关注：不定式的被动式，由主动变被动时 to 的特殊处理 相关知识：A、及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词：后面可直接加宾语(名词、动名词、人称代词的宾格、数词)不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，介词宾语 有些动词在不同的句子中既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。49.These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.(0404A)B、行
15、为(实义)动词与系动词 行为动词：表示实际动作，包括表示思维活动的词:run,think等 系动词：表示主语的性质、状态和特征，be 动词、可放在形容词前的某些动词：get、turn、become、feel、taste,smell等 一、何种情况下可使用被动语态：1，强调动作的接受者。The kitchen is shared by the three of us.厨房是我们三人用。Football is played all over the world.世界各地都踢足球。2，不知道或没必要说明的执行者是谁。The data have been computerized for two ye
16、ars now.这些数据已经由计算处理两年了。These books are written for children.这些书是儿童读物 3，出于礼貌、措辞婉转等原因不方便、不愿意说明动作的执行者。I was told that you are very lazy.我听人说你很懒。The car was damaged.车撞坏了。4，避免变换主语，以求行文流畅。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上时，观众的热烈鼓掌。二、使用被动高不成低不就需要注意的问题 1，不定式的被动式 to be
17、 done 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的接受者,用被动式 He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.他要求派去西藏工作 Its an honour for me to be invited to speak here today.很荣幸被邀请 Are you going to the meeting to be held at 6:00?你要参加 6 点的会吗？17.We shall ask for samples _ and then we can make our decision.(0311)A.to be sent B.being sent
18、 C.to set D.to have been sent 34.The question _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.(0411)A.to discuss B.being discussed C.to be discussed D.will be discussed 2，某些动词由主动变被动时不定式符号”to”的处理 7 个感观动词 see,watch,observe,notice,listen to,hear,feel;3 个使役动词 let,have 让,make 56.The teacher has his students
19、_ a composition every other week.(2000)A.to write B.written C.writing D.write 58.The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.(2000)A.came B.come C.to come D.have come 3，短语动词的被动语态。动词后面接一个介词或副词构成短语，将其看成一个及物动词。The children are well looked after.这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。(介)The mee
20、ting has been put off till next week.会议被推迟到下周。(副)注意：不是所有短的语动词都有被动语态，判断：相连的介词或副词不能折开 4，带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones.坏事有时可变好事 5，被动语态后可接从句或 W不定式 He was told that his father was sick.他被告知他父亲病了 A assistant of the shop was asked where to find the manager.6，特殊句型
21、 be said/reported to have done 据说/据报道 22.The famous novel is said _ into Chinese.A.to have translated B.to be translate C.to have been translated D.to translate 7，have/get+动词过去分词构成被动语态，多用于口语或非正式书面语中 He had some pictures taken in the park.他在公园里照了几张像。(别人给他照的 48.I have taken many photos.Im going to get
22、 the film _.A.being developed B.developing C.developed D.to be developed 答：过去分词在动词 have,get 两词后面作宾补时,常常表示这个动作不是由主语完成的,而是由别人完成的。(2001)第三节 情态动词 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度,无人称变化,在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。考试中着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must+have done 表示对过去发生的事情的有把握的猜测。58、I believe he _ an accident,otherwise he would h
23、ave arrived on time.A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had 35.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning,it_last night.A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain 比较：may+have done 对过去发生的事情的较有把握的猜测，“也许“22.I cant find the recorder in the room.It C may hav
24、e been taken by somebody.(0311)二、should(ought to)+have done 含有对过去的动作的责备、批评意思 肯定式表示应该做的事情而没有做 26、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left,I _ him earlier.(2000)A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned 否定式表示不该做的事情做了 They should not have left so soon.他们不应该这
25、么早就走的 She was very unhappy.You ought not to have hurt her feeling.她当时够难受了你不应该再伤害她比较:三、would(not)have done 表示过去没有完成的动作，多和虚拟语气连用，不含批评意思 45.Mary said to me,“Had I seen your bag,I _ it to you.”(0404)A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 47.Something must have happened on their
26、 way here,or they _by now.(02)A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive should+have+过去分词的结构，表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have gone over your lessons.你应当把功课复习好的。但是此句只是一个表示和过去的事实相反的虚拟句子，并没有责备的意思。本句意思：路上肯定出事了,否则他们现在已经到了。因此正确答案应是 C.四、could +have done 表示过去存在的某种可能性，但这种可能性由于客观
27、条件限制没能实现。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。You could have made a more detailed plan.你本可以做出更详尽的计划。He could have joined us,but he didnt get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。动词 aska:sk（问,要求,需要,邀请）、advise（劝告,忠告,警告,建议）、beg beg（请求、乞求）、command（命令、指挥）、decidedisaid（决定、判决）、demand（需求、需要、查询、需求知道）、deserve（应受、值得
28、）、desire（想望、期望、希望、请求）、determine（决定、确定）、insist（坚持、强调）、order（命令、定购、定制）、prefer（更喜欢、宁愿）、propose（计划、建议、向.提议）、request（请求、要求）、require（需要、要求、命令）、recommend（推荐、介绍、劝告、使受欢迎）、suggest（建议、提出、暗示、使想起）、urge（催促、力劝）名词 advice 忠告,建议,商通知 decision 决定,决心,决议,结果,果断,坚定 demand 要求,需求(量),需要 desire 愿望,心愿,要求 order 次序,顺序,正常(工作)状态,秩序
29、,会议规则,命令,定购,定单 preference 偏爱,优先选择 proposal 提议,建议 requirement 需求,要求,必要条件,需要的东西,要求必备的条件 recommendation 推荐,介绍(信),劝告,建议 suggestion 提议,意见,暗示,微量 形容词 appropriate 适当的 desirable 值得要的,合意的,令人想要的,悦人心意的 essential 本质的,实质的,基本的,提炼的,精华的 important 重要的,重大的,有权力的,有地位的 impossible 不可能的,不会发生的,难以忍受的 necessary 必要的,必需的,必然的 na
30、tural 自然的,自然界的,关于自然界的,天生的,天赋的,普通的,正常的,简单自然的 normal 正常的,正规的,标准的 urgent 急迫的,紧急的 vital 生死攸关的,重大的,生命的,生机的,至关重要的,所必需的 常接动名词作宾语的动词 admit 容许,承认,接纳 advise 劝告,忠告,警告,建议 allow 允许,承认 anticipate 预期,期望,过早使用,先人一着,占先 appreciate 赏识,鉴赏,感激 avoid 避免,消除 consider 考虑,照顾,认为 delay 耽搁,延迟,延期,迟滞 deny 否认,拒绝 discuss 讨论,论述 dislik
31、e 讨厌,不喜欢 encourage 鼓励,怂恿 endure 耐久,忍耐 enjoy 享受.的乐趣,欣赏,喜爱 escape 逃,逃亡,溢出设备,出口,逃跑,植野生 excuse 原谅,申辩,做为.的托辞,为.免去 favor 好感,宠爱,关切,欢心,好意,喜爱 finish 完成,结束,磨光,末道漆,完美 forbid 禁止,不许 forgive 原谅,饶恕,宽免(某人)之债务 imagine 想象,设想 involve 包括,笼罩,潜心于,使陷于 keep 保持,保养,生计,监狱,史要塞 mention 提及,说起 mind 头脑,智力,精神,意见,情绪 miss 过错,避免,失败,小姐
32、,姑娘 overlook 俯瞰,耸出,远眺,没注意到 permit 通行证,许可证,执照 postpone 推迟,使延期,延迟 practice 实行,实践,实际,惯例,习惯,练习,实习,开业 prohibit 禁止,阻止 resist 抵抗,反抗,抗,忍得住 risk 冒.的危险 suggest 建议,提出,使想起,暗示 understand 懂,了解,听说,推定,以为,省略 同位语从句 belief 信任,信心,信仰 doubt 怀疑,疑惑,疑问 evidence 明显,显著,明白,迹象,根据,物证据,证物 fact 事实,实际,实情,真相,(犯罪)行为,论据 hope 希望,信心 ide
33、a 想法,念头,意见,主意,思想,观念,概念 news 新闻,消息 possibility 可能性,可能发生的事物 proof 证据,试验,考验,印刷校样 question 问题,疑问,询问 remark 备注,评论,注意,注释 reply 答复,报复,答辩 report 报告,传说,谣言,声誉,名声,爆炸声 sign 标记,符号,记号,征兆,迹象,征候 thought 思考,想法,思想,思潮,关心,关怀,挂念 否定词 never 决不,从未 hardly 刚刚,几乎不,仅,严厉的,艰辛的 scarcely 几乎不,简直没有 no sooner 一但.立即.rarely 很少地,罕有地 now
34、here 无处,到处都无 little 少许,一会儿,短时间 seldom 很少,不常 not until 不能到此为止。不能在以前。第四节 虚拟语气 (每次考试一般占45 分)所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，称为虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型 条件从句动词的时态 结果主句的动词的时态 与现在事实 相反 if +过去式(be 只用 were 不用 was)would/should/might/could+动词原型 与过去事实 相反 if had +过去分词 would/should/might/could+have+过去分词 与将来事实
35、可能相反 if were to +动词原形（完全不可能）或者 if should +动词原形（万一）would/should/might/could+动词原型 A.现在事实 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.(95 年)A.had known B.have known C.knew D.know B.过去事实 59、If Bob_ with us,he would have had a good time.(95 年)A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 虚拟语气的倒
36、装（2001 年 6 月真题）57.Had the weather been good,the children _ out for a walk.A.had gone B.could have gone C.would go D.went（2004 年 4 月真题）32._the advice of his friends,he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken（2004 年 4
37、月真题）45.Mary said to me,“Had I seen your bag,，I _ it to you.”A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned（1996 年 6 月真题）1._ you were busy,I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized 含蓄虚拟句 but for （2003年 4
38、 月真题）28.But for the rain,we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.well enough（2004 年 4 月真题）36.But for my classmates help,I_ _ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished（2003 年 4 月真题）27.She could have done just as well as
39、you,_ the chance.A given B to give C giving D give without （2004 年 11 月真题）22.Without heat and sunlight,plants on the earth _ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown 从句中的虚拟 宾语从句 （1998 年 6 月真题）28.The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _ an operation right away so as to sav
40、e his life.A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have（1999 年 6 月真题）58.His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.putting on（2004 年 4 月真题）42.The doctor advised her that she _ enough rest before going back to work.A.to get B.get C.gets D.got（2004 年 11 月真题）45
41、.We consider _the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.A.that it necessary B.it necessary that C.necessary that D.necessary of it that 表语从句 （2002 年 6 月真题）48.The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A.would leave B.leave C.left D.have left（2005
42、 年 11 月真题）34.The doctors advice was that the patient _ at once.A.to be operated B.being operated C.be operated D.operated 同位语从句 （2001 年 6 月真题）47.Her suggestion that everybody _ was not appreciated.A.singing a song B.sang a song C.sung a song D.sing a song 主语从句 （2000 年 6 月真题）43.It is desirable that h
43、e_.A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying（2003 年 4 月真题）45.Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged （2004年 11月真题）44.Its vital that enough money _ collected to g
44、et the project started.A.is B.be C.must be D.can be 目的状语从句 （2002 年 6 月真题）27.I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A.in case B.in case of C.in order that D.for fear of（2002 年 6 月真题）59.Written applications should be sent to us in case _some problems with the electric version.A.there will be B.there is
45、C.there be D.there was Wish 32.Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.(2000)A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study 53.I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _ there.(2001)A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be would rather(that)45、Id _ you didnt touch t
46、hat,if you dont mind.(98)A.rather B.better C.happier D.further 46、I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.(2002)A.come B.would come C.came D.have come It is high time 43、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.(96)A.do B.will do C.did D.must do 2、Do
47、nt you think it is high time you _ smoking?(99)A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up 43.Lets finish our homework in a few seconds,its time we _ (0411)A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football 跳层虚拟句 （2003 年 4 月真题）42.I would have told him the answer h
48、ad it been possible,but I_ so busy then.A.am B.were C.was D.would be （2004 年 11 月真题）32.I would have joined him in a picnic,but I _ his company.A.will not like B.dont like C.had not liked D.might not like （2001年 6 月真题）58.1 believe he _ an accident,otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have
49、had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had（2002 年 6 月真题）47.Something must have happened on their way here.Or they _by now.A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive 三级英语语法重点 第一节 动词的时态：讲 12 种 特别关注：1、一般现在时的特殊用法；2、一般过去时；3、过去进行时 4、现在完成时 5、过去完成时；6、将来完成时；7、现在完成进行
50、完成时；8、过去完成进行时。一、一般现在式：特殊用法：在时间状语、条件状语从句(if,unless)中表示将来的动作:A 时间状语(before,after,until,as soon as,when)：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.When the mixture is heated,it will give off a powerful force.34.”When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”“As soon