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1、-2013 卷 第四局部：任务型阅读共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分 请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Quiet Virtue:The Conscientious The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual,careful in doing work,self-disciplined,and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilitiesare
2、typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen,the people who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules,help out,and are concerned about the people they work with.Its the conscientious worker who helps newers or updates people who return after an absence,who gets to work
3、on time and never abuses sick leaves,who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance,outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs,from semi-skilled labor to sales and management,depends on conscientiousness.It is particularly
4、important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization:the secretary whose message taking is perfect,the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer,those who were most conscientious had the largest volum
5、e of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market,because employees with this quality are among the most valued.For the sales representatives,their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining
6、who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work,giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But cons
7、cientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves,they can hold other people to their own standards,and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior.Factory workers in Great Britain and t
8、he United States who were e*tremely conscientious,for e*ample,tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized,which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to e*pectations,it can discourage creativity.In creat
9、ive professions like art or advertising,openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance,however;without enough conscientiousness to follow through,people bee mere dreamers,with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.题型自主分析：1、原词重现
10、信息查找：-2、词性转换信息加工：3、提炼概括信息归纳：2012 卷 第四局部:任务型阅读(共10 小题;每题1 分,总分值10 分)请认真阅读以下短文,并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Happiness Advantage Effect In July 2010 Burts Bees,a personal-care products pany,was going through enormous change as it began a global e*pansion into 19 new coun
11、tries.In this kind of high-pressure situation,many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-bo*es with urgent demands.In doing so,managers lift everyones an*iety level,which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefronta
12、l corte*(大脑皮层),which is responsible for effective problem solving.Burts Beess then-CEO,John Wolfgang,took a different approach.Each day,hed send out an praising a team member for work related to global marketing.Hed interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams abou
13、t the panys values.He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the e*pansion effort.As one member of the senior team told me a year later,Wolfgangs emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successful
14、ly transformed the pany into a global one.That oute shouldnt surprise us.Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思维模式),performance on nearly every level-productivity,creativity,involvement-improves.Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance.For one,mo
15、st people believe that success es before happiness.Once I get a promotion,Ill be happy,they think.Or,Once I hit sales targe,Ill feel great.But because success is a moving targetas soon as you hit your target,you raise it again-the happiness that results from success does not last long.In fact,it wor
16、ks the other way around:People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge.I call this the happiness advantage every business oute shows improvement when the brain is positive.Ive observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection
17、between employee happiness and success.And Im not alone:In an analysis of 225 academic studies,researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outes.Another mon misunderstanding is that our genetics,our environment,or a bination of
18、 the two determines how happy we are.To be sure,both factors have an impact.But ones general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable.The habits you form,the way you interact with colleagues,how you think about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of-succes
19、s.题型自主分析：1、原词重现信息查找：2、词性转换信息加工：3、提炼概括信息归纳：2011 卷 第四局部：任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分)请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填 1 个单词。When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not Why Difficult When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally e*pected to apo
20、logize so as to improve the situation.But when were acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every e*pression matters and every word bees part of
21、 the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmonywhile an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviou
22、sly strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be done How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly Why Now The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has
23、developed an apology cultureapologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dea
24、lt with the subject of private apologies.Why Bother Why do we apologize Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They are e*pected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public st
25、atements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often or lightly.For a leader to e*press apology,there needs to be a good,strong reason.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower t
26、han the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize,even when a public apology seems to be in order Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally unfortable-and even professiona
27、lly risky.Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk strategy.题型自主分析：1、原词重现信息查找：2、词性转换信息加工：3、提炼概括信息归纳：2010 卷 第四
28、局部：任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分)请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填 1 个单词。For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of thesi*th senseof directionBy trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to
29、one answer One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in pass(指南针)Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)So a little magnetic needle that swingsfreely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and southWhen people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the pass，
30、it allowed sailors to navigate(航海)on ocean voyages,even under cloudy skies.Actually the idea of the living pass came just from observing animals in nature Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at nightE*per
31、iments have shown that some birds can recognize star patternsBut they can keep on course even under cloudy skiesHow can they do that A mon bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeonNot all pigeons can find their way homeThose that can are very good at it，and
32、 they have been widely studied One interesting e*periment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sensejust as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner On sunny days,that did not fool the pigeons Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are
33、 goingBut on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their wayIt was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense Similar e*periments with the same kind of results were done with honeybeesThese insects also seem to have a special sense of direction In spite of the e*periments，the i
34、dea of an animal pass seemed pretty e*traordinaryHow would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a pass？An answer came from an une*pected sourceA scientist was studyingbacteria that live in the mud of ponds and marshesHe found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one direct
35、ionnorth Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense-particles inside，which proved magneticThe bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the earths magnet The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetiteThat led t
36、o a search to see whether animals might have it.By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fishIn each animal，e*cept for the beethe magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain Thusthe idea of a builtin animal pass be
37、gan to seem reasonable 题型自主分析：1、原词重现信息查找：2、词性转换信息加工：3、提炼概括信息归纳：2009 卷 第四局部：任务型阅读共 10 小题；每题 l 分，总分值 l0 分 请认真阅读以下短文,并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。munication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you municate Every individual e*ists in a con
38、tinually changing world of e*perience of which he or sheis the center Many munication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send themBut every day we e*perience the centrality of our selves in municationA studentfor instan
39、ce，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：I know my The Magnetic Sense The Living pass Passage outline Supporting details The e*istence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating pass Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely(71)magnetic needle lines itself with
40、the earth magnet to point north and south.(72)on the idea above,the navigating pass was invented.The possibility of birds built-in passes One piece of evidence is the(73)of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course(74)
41、under cloudy skies The (75)on pigeons and bees built-in passes Little magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to(76)their magnetic sense.The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77)days.Similar things with the same results were done with bees.The (78)of the magnetic stuff for the animal p
42、ass Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of(79).Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the(80)inside their bodies.-teacher doesnt like the fact that I dont agree with his opinionsand thats why he gave me such a poor grade in tha
43、t classThe teacher might say the oppositeEach person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrong The concept of self originates in municationThrough verbal and nonverbal symbols,a child learns to accept roles in response to the e*pectations of othersYou establish self-ima
44、ge。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you aremunication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue processOur understanding of munication es from our interactio
45、ns with other people In a more obvious way munication involves others in the sense that a petent municator considers what the other person needs and e*pects when selecting messages to shareSo，the munication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by t
46、he self munication Occurs almost every minute of your life If you are not municating with yourselfthinking，planning，reacting to the world around you，you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behaviorEven if the other person did not intend a message for youyou gather observations and
47、 draw specific conclusionsA person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your messageA second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you A third person smiles perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently and you believe that he is attracted t
48、o youWe are continually picking up meanings from others behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have municative value for them More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to e*plain that you did not mean that.You may have told the other person t
49、hat you were sorry for your statementYou may have made a joke out of your rude statementNonetheless，your ment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mindYou cannot go back in time and erase your messages to othersmunication cannot be reversed倒退，nor can it be repeated When you t
50、ried to recreate the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed rightYour second e*perience with a similar setting and person made far different results Paragraph outline Supporting Details munication begins with the self People are somewhat products of others treatment and messages