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1、 1 初中英语选词填空解题技巧 根据平时的观察，学生在做英语的“选词填空”时，遭遇较多困难，有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此，分享平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略，希望能给同学们提供一点帮助。“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的 12 个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有 10 个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2.通
2、读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,friend-friends/friends。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous；对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态
3、和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth.done)；对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more/the most interesting,happy-happily，happy-happiness;对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例
4、如：three-third,2/3-two thirds,one thousand/thousands of；对于冠词，只需要在 a 或 an 之间判别，如 a girl/an old man;对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 s 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。2 检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案
5、的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。总结：做题技巧 1统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选择 X 围。2根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择 X 围,从而正确地选词。3利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing 形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。4复读全文，验正答
6、案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。例题：（2010 年 XX 省中招选词填空题节选）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。dirty with have always time they large want speak lesson first
7、drop After a quick breakfast,I went into the lecture hall in a hurryA famous teacher was 66 to the studentsHe was holding up a$100 billThen he said to the three hundred students，“Who would like this$100 bill?”The students put up 67 hands at onceThen he said，“I am going to give this$100 bill to one o
8、f you，but 68 ，let me do this”He made the bill into a ballThen he said.“Who 69 it now?”The hands went back into the air“Well,”he said，“what if I do this?”and he 70 it on the floor and stepped on itHe picked up the7lbill and said“Who still wants it?”Hands went back again into the air.”My friends,”he s
9、aid，“you have learned a valuable(有价值的)72 todayNo matter what I did to the$100 bill!Many 73 in our life，we are dropped and stepped onWe feel as if we are worth nothingBut remember,no matter what 74 happened to you，you will never lose your value：You are 75 valuable to those people who love you Your va
10、lue doesnt come from what you do or whom you know,but who you are.”1.单词诠释；进行预判 2.缺词通读全文，经行预判 3.瞻前顾后，仔细填空，注意单词的变形。针对性练习：3 （一）Mr.Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town.People sometimes 1_him broken umbrellas,and then he took them to a big shop in London.They were2_there.One day Mr.Brown went to Lo
11、ndon by train.He 3 _to take an umbrella with him that day.Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing4 _the seat.When the train arrived in London,Mr.Brown 5_up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train.Just as he was getting off,he was 6_by the man.He said angrily,“Tha
12、ts 7_!”Mr.Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop,the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready.After a good look at8 _of them,he said,“Youve mended them forget，bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently，I，every，stop，each 1.dirty make the r
13、oom dirty 2.with -without 3.have 拥有 -has(单三)had(过去式)have ：构成完成时 have done/has done/had done 4.always：be always doing 一直干某事 5.time 时间 have a good/bad time Time is precious.时代 in modern/old times 6.they they 主格-them 宾格-themselves 反身代词 their 形容词性物主代词-theirs 名词性物主代词 7.large 比较级 larger 最高级 largest 副词 lar
14、gely 8.want want sth.want sb.to do sth.9.speak speak to/with sb.speak about sth.10.give sb.a lesson 给某人个教训 learn a lesson 学习一课 11.first-firstly;at first;then 12 drop -dropped dropped;drop sth.on the ground 4 very well.”In the afternoon he got into the train again.The9_man was in the same seat.He loo
15、ked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas,“Youve had a10 _day,”he said.（二）Light travels at a speed(速 度)which is about a million times 1 _than that of sound.2_one second,light travels about 300,000 kilometers,but sound travels only 340 meters.You can get some idea of this difference by 3 _the start of a
16、running match.If you stand far away from the starter(发令员),you can see smoke 4 _from his gun 5_ the sound reaches your ears.The fast speed of light produces some strange facts.The nearest star is 6 _far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7_at a speed
17、 of nearly two million kilometers every minute.The light from some of tonights started on 8 _journey towards you even before you were born.So,if we want to be honest,we 9 _say,“The stars are shining brightly tonight.”We have to say,“The stars look nice.They were 10_four years ago but their light has
18、 just reached our earth.”（三）all，any，behave，difference，drink，eat，enjoy，fine，other，real，surprise，these Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea.What made the students 1 _was that all the cups on the table were2_.Each before,discover,fast,in,come,watch,so,fast it,ago,shine,not can 5 o
19、f them took a cup and started 3 _their own tea,looking at the 4 _ cups.The teacher said;Do you notice your 5_?You are all looking at each others tea cups and 6 _of you even envy(羡慕)the 7_cups of others.Then he went on:I put the different cups here on purpose!Life is like 8 _tea.You all have the same
20、 thing in your cups tea.And yet you cant9 _enjoy it in your envy of anothers cup.You forget 10_your own life when you envy someone elses life.So now,taste your own tea!Does it matter from which cup it comes from?（四）much,arm,wait,see,when,spend,she,worry,have,grow Only Mother Love is true love.It giv
21、es everybody everything all his life.1 _you are still a baby,mother takes good care of you as much as possible.In your waking hours she always holds you in her 2_.When you are ill,she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 3 _.When you are 4 _up day by day,she fee
22、ls very happy.When you are old enough to go to school,mother still looks after you all the time.On cold winter days,she always tells you to put on 5_clothes.She always stands in the wind 6 _for you back from school.When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast,she always feels 7_abou
23、t you at home.She usually knows about your study and 8 _much money on your school things.When you do well at school,the brightest smile will be 9 _on her face.Mother is always ready to give everything she 10_to her children,not to receive.What true love that is in the world!We will remember Mother L
24、ove for ever.典型例题 1.inventor 2.asking 3.how 4.so 5.more 6.to be 7.interested 6 8.playing 9.safety 10.thankful（一）1.brought 2.mended 3.forgot 4.beside 5.picked 6.stopped 7.mine 8.each 9.same 10.lucky（二）1.faster 2.In 3.watching e 5.before 6.so 7.ago 8.its 9.cannot 10.shining （三）lsurprised 2different 3d
25、rinking4others 5behavior 6some 7finer 8this 9really l0to enjoy（四）71-80 When,arms,hersef,growing,more,waiting,worried,spends,seen,has 补全对话题型解读 中考采用的都是给出选项的形式，它共有 5 小题，每题要求选出符合情境的一个句子，完成一段 10 到 14 个来回的对话，以此来考查学生在具体情景和上下文中口语交际的能力。英语新课程标准要求学生掌握初中毕业生学会使用一些常用的功能意念项目以达到初步交际的目的。这些功能意念项目包括：问候、介绍、告别、感谢、道歉、邀请、
26、请求允许、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、约会、打、就餐、就医、购物、问路、谈论天气、语言交际困难、提醒注意、劝告、建议等 20 个项目。1.对职业提问：What does his father do?His father is a doctor.2.对人物身份提问：Who is the boy?He is my friend.3.对人物性格提问：What is your teacher like?He is kind-hearted.4.对人物长相提问：What does Tom look like?He is very tall and has curly hair.5.对天气提问：How is t
27、he weather?It is very cold there.6.对颜色提问：What color is your backpack?It is green and blue.7.对时间提问：What time is it now?Its 7:00 now.8.对星期提问：What day is today?Today is Tuesday.9.对日期提问：What is the date today?Today is May 2,2008.10.对年龄提问：How old is your brother?He is 15 years old.11.对延续时间段的提问：How long h
28、as Sally lived here?She has lived here for 5 years.12.对距离的提问：How far is your school?It is half an hours walk from here.13.对动作频率的提问：How often does she go to visit her grandma?She goes to visit her grandma once a week.14.对即将发生动词时间段的提问：How soon will the teacher be back?He will be back in a week.7 15.对具
29、体数量的提问：How many books did he buy?He bought 10 books.16.对量或价钱的提问：How much does the shirt cost?It cost her 200 dollars.针对性练习：补全对话（一）(打+约会)A:Hello,may I speak to David?B:_.(1)A:Hi,David!This is Lin Tao speaking.B:Hi,Lin Tao.Whats up?A:What are you going to do next Sunday?B:_.(2)Do you have any ideas?A:
30、Shall we go to the zoo?I hear theres a dolphin show there.B:A dolphin show?Good idea!_?(3)A:By bike.B:_?(4)A:At half past nine.B:_?(5)A:Lets meet outside the zoo gate.B:All right.See you then.补全对话（八）（邀请+约会）A:Hi,Mary.Are you going to visit BeihaiPark tomorrow?B:Yes.Well start at 7:50._?(1)A:Id love t
31、o.But do you think its going to rain tomorrow?B:_.(2)Look,there isnt any cloud in the sky.A:I hope it will be fine tomorrow._?(3)B:Not far.Itll take us half an hour.Its only 5 bus stops.A:You mean well go there by bus,is that right?B:Yes._.(4)A:But Id like to go there by bike.At that time the streets are very busy.Buses cant go faster than bikes.B:I agree with you.Going by bike can save both time and money.A:Yes._.(5)B:OK.Goodbye.A:Bye-bye.