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1、 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 六级语法 四、倒装结构 学会在何种情况下使用全部倒装，何种情况下使用部分倒装。并掌握几种固定短语的倒装结构。一、中文译成英文 1.Never once(老两口互相争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.(08.06)2.He assured his friend that under no circumstances(他会违背还钱的承诺).3.Only in the small town (他才感到安全和放松).(07.06)4.The customer complained that no sooner (他刚试着使用这
2、台机器，它就不能运转了).(06.12)5.Only in this way (我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会).(05.06)6.(尽管起初他们的见解有很大的不同),they came to an agreement in the end.Key 1.has the old couple quarreled with each other 2.would he break his promise to return the money 3.can he feel safe and relaxed 4.had he tried to use the machine than it stoppe
3、d working 5.can we adapt(ourselves)to the society quickly after we graduate 6.Much as their opinions differed at first 二、难句分析翻译 1.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals t
4、han do males under the same conditions.2.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S.communities,the report finds,but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school districts curricula,its textbooks,or its teachers activities.3.If you are a man,you can p
5、oint out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are a woman,you can retort that so are most criminals.Key 1.【分析】多重复合句。句子的主干 Studieshave shown that中含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句，从句的主干是 sex hormonesaffect the stress response；现在分词短语 causing females作结果状语。为避免头重脚轻，morethan 比较结构后的 do males under the same c
6、onditions 用了倒装句，正常语序为：males under the same conditions do，其中 do 为代动词，指前文的 produce。【译文】对动物和人类的研究表明：性激素以某种方式影响动物与人对压力做出的反应，使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。2.【分析】并列句。句子主干为 Not only do approaches to,but there appears to。not only but(also)是并列结构，意为“不仅而且”。句子以 not only 开头，连接句子时要部分倒装，即助动词(或系动词)要提前。to teaching
7、 science and math 作定语，修饰 approaches。the report finds 是插入成分。【译文】报告发现，不仅美国的各个校区教授科学和数学的方法不同，就连在同一个校区，更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 其课程安排、教科书以及教师的活动似乎都没有什么战略中心。3.【分析】本句是一个以分号连接的并列复合句。在第一分句中，从属连词 if 引导条件状语从句，that 引导的从句是动词短语 point out 的宾语。在第二个分句里，that 引导的宾语从句使用了倒装的形式：most criminals 是主语，so 是表语，代替 male 以避免重复。本句是表示两种事物的对比
8、，倒装的使用有较强的表现力。【译文】如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的；如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。我们通常使用的语序是自然语序，即：主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，即采用了倒装语序。采用倒装语序或是出于语法结构的需要，或是为了强调。Up went the arrow into the sky.箭飕地一下射上了天。Never had the Browns had any experience like that.布朗一家从来没经历过那样的事。倒装语序可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装指整个谓语都被放在主语之前：Out rush
9、ed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机发射了一枚导弹。部分倒装指将谓语中的情态动词或助动词置于主语之前：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.孩子睡着了，母亲才离开了房间。真题难句 Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S.communities,the report finds,but there appears to be little strategic
10、 focus within a school districts curricula,its textbooks,or its teachersactivities.(05.1 阅读)【分析】并列句。not onlybut(also)连接两个表示转折关系的并列分句。在第一个分句中 not only 置于句首，分句要采用部分倒装。两个逗号间的 the report finds 是插入成分。【译文】报告发现，不仅美国的各个校区教授科学和数学的方法不同，就连在同一个校区，其课程安排、教科书以及教师的活动似乎都没有什么战略中心。一、全部倒装的情况 当句首为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等
11、时通常用全部倒装。但如果主语是代词，则不用倒装。We waited and waited.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们等呀等。最后，我们盼望的时刻终于到来了。Here is a book about economics for you to read.这是一本让你读的经济书。提示：这时如果主语是人称代词，则主谓不倒装。Away they went.他们一下子就走了。提示：主语是人称代词，不倒装。当句首为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。Before John stood the policeman who had
12、 arrested him three times for drugtaking.站在约翰前边的是因为他吸毒而逮捕了他三次的警察。代词 so,neither 等置于句首时 If you can do it,so can I.你若能做，我也能做。If you dont go,neither shall I.你不去，我也不去。主语部分较长需要后置时 To this class belongs the most astonishing work that the author accomplished.属于这一类的作者所完成的一部最惊人的著作。典型难句 Coincident with concern
13、s about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human wellbeing.【分析】这个句子有三点需要搞清楚。首先，要知道这个句子是一个倒装结构：Coincident withhas been a g
14、rowing appreciation，其中 appreciation 是主语。其次，要弄清楚 to the health中的 to 是与哪个词构成逻辑语义联系。它是与前面的名词 importance 构成呼应，即the importance ofto the health，即“对健康的重要意义”。最后，要知道 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 的作用是充当同位语，解释 biological diversity 这个概念。【译文】人们对物种及其栖息地正加速丧失表示担忧，与此同时，人们一直越来越意识到生物多样性（即在一个特定生态系统中
15、物种的总数）对于地球乃至我们人类健康的重要意义。有时分词移至句首，句子倒装起强调作用 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.躺在地板上的是一个约莫十七岁的男孩。Visiting Beijing were 300 Japanese young people.访问北京的是三百名日本青年。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.坐在地上的是一伙年轻人。The most widely distributed is the Hui people.分布最广的是回族。在比较状语从句和方式状
16、语从句中用倒装在复合句中，than 或 as 引导的分句，如果谓语动词省略或表语省略，且是两个句子的主语相比较时，要用倒装，助动词放在主语前。John will give you more than will Jack.约翰给你的将比杰克多。He is as responsible a man as are you.他像你一样地负责任。二、部分倒装的情况 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时一般要求部分倒装。这类词语有：hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,never,few,little,much/even/still less,at no time,by no m
17、eans,in no case,in/under no circumstances,in no way,in vain,on no account,on no consideration,no longer,no more,not until 等。Not only did the customer complain about the food,he also refused to pay for it.这位顾客不仅仅抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。Scarcely had I got on the train when it started to move.我刚上火车，火车就开了。On no ac
18、count will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees.这位经理对员工的鲁莽行为决不会宽容。典型难句 Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes,it has led to the growth of spinoff industries like service stations,motels,restaurants,and shopping centers.【分析】并列句。句子主干为 Not
19、 only has the highway system affected the economy,it has led to the growth。not only but also 句型属并列结构，意为“不仅而且”，but also 可以省略。not only 在句首，句子要用倒装语序。【译文】公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。当前、后分句都含否定意义时后面的分句通常用含否定意义的 nor(或 neither)连接，并采用部分倒装。I could not persuade him to accept it,nor
20、could I make him see the importance of it.我既不能劝他接受它，也不能使他认识到它的重要性。句首为 only 加状语即为 only副词、only介词词组、only状语从句时，常用部分倒装。副词 only 后接非状语时则不倒装。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有等 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 你搜集到足够多的数据时，你才能得到一个正确的结论。典型难句 Only gradually was the byproduct of the
21、 in stitution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.【分析】由 and 连接的并列的倒装句。两个并列句都以 Only 开头，用于强调状语 gradually，故句子倒装。【译文】人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。【补充拓展】应当注意的是 only 后接状语时句子才倒装，如果后接非状语时则不可倒装。Only few of
22、the children havent got the chance of being educated.只有很少的儿童得不到教育机会。so that 结构中的 so 位于句首时，常引起部分倒装在这种结构中，“so形容词”是主句表语的前置；“so副词”是主句状语的前置。同样，句首为 to such an extent,to such a degree,to such a point 等状语时，句子也要部分倒装；当谓语为 be 动词时，则全部倒装。So much does he worry about his financial position that he cant sleep at ni
23、ght.他对他的经济地位太担心了，以致于他在夜里都不能入睡。提示：sothat 结构中 so 位于句首时，引起部分倒装，而当 so 表示“所以”时，句子用正常语序。So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day.皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样鲜艳。典型难句 So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports a
24、nd games.【分析】复合句。本句的正常语序为 The children become so involved with their computers that leaders。【译文】这些孩子们是如此迷恋于电脑，以至于计算机夏令营的带队老师们经常要强迫他们停止玩电脑，参加体育活动和做游戏。as/though 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 句型 a：形容词+as+主语+系动词 be/主语+动词 Young as he is,he knows a lot of things.=Although/Though he is young,he虽然他年龄不大，可他知道的事情很多。Hard as st
25、eel is,it will bend or break under the action of a strong force.钢虽很硬，但在强力作用下也会弯曲或断裂。句型 b：不带冠词的名词+as+主语+系动词 be/主语+动词 Scientist as she is,she wants to learn more.=Although she is a scientist,she虽然已经是位科学家了，她还是想学更多的东西。句型 c：副词+as+主语+动词 Much as I like it,I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢它，但我还是不会买它。Fast as you run,you
26、cant catch up with him.尽管你跑得快，你也赶不上他。句型 d：实义动词+as+主语+助动词 Try as she does,she will never find the rubber.无论怎样努力，她都未能找到那块橡皮。Search as they would,they could find no sign of the boy.无论他们怎么寻找，也未能发现那个男孩的踪影。常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况 hardlywhen一就 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 Hardly had he seen me when he ran away.他一看见我，就跑开了。sca
27、rcelywhen一就 Scarcely had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him.婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。no soonerthan一就 提示：否定结构的否定范围包括整个句子时，才引起倒装；如果仅起局部否定作用，则不倒装。Not everyone can do things perfectly.（只对主语进行否定）不是所有的人都能把事情做得十分完美。No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily.他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。the
28、 morethe more越越 The harder you work,the happier you feel.你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。not onlybut also不但而且 Not only did I make a promise,but also I kept it.我不但许下诺言，我也遵守了诺言。典型难句 Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain,which can help us treat the pain better,but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for d
29、epression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.【分析】并列复合句。句子主干为 Not only do we evaluate the cause,but we also help provide therapy。Not only but also 连接两个并列句，否定词组 not only 在句首，句子要部分倒装。在第一个分句里，which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰第一个分句，which 在从句中作主语。在第二个分句里，related to 作后置定语修饰 issues。【译文】我们不仅
30、要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗；还提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。not onlybut also如果连接两个句子，则第一个句子要倒装，第二个句子不倒装。not onlybut also如果强调的是主语，句子则不倒装。Not only I but also my younger sister is invited.不但我而且我妹妹也被邀请了。典型难句 Had I not attended this workshop,I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate becaus
31、e the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.【分析】多重复合句。该条件状语从句是省略 if 的部分倒装结构。主句中 the man从句是省略 that 的宾语从句，作 assumed 的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含由 because 引导的原因状语从句。【译文】如果我不是参加了这次讲习班，我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适，因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。三、倒装结构中主谓一致的问题 在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后部。这时要注意辨认主语，谓语动词要同主语保持一致。After the exam
32、s is the time for rest.考完了试就可以休息了。In the margins was written something in red ink.有人在书页的行间用红笔写了些词句。一、完形填空练习 Cooksey invited my sister and me to his party that evening.We were late for the jam.When I came that evening,the door of the Cookseys sittingroom was open and 1,stamping of feet,更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6
33、 and television music.In front of the door 2.1.A it through came laughter B came laughter through it C laughter came through it D through it came laughter 2.A did his dog sleep B did sleep his dog C slept his dog D his dog slept She is a very quiet and kind director.She never laughs,3 lose her tempe
34、r.But when she works she is very strict.We have been told by her that under no circumstances 4 the telephone in the office for personal affairs.3.A or she ever does B nor does she ever C or does she ever D nor she ever does 4.A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use They were all in a h
35、urry last night for the football gameDalian vs.Shandong.Hardly 5 when the bus for the fans suddenly pulled away.Not until the game had begun 6 at the sports ground.5.A had they got to the bus stop B did they get to the bus stop C they got to the bus stop D they had got to the bus stop 6.A had they a
36、rrived B would they have arrived C did they arrive D should they have arrived Seldom 7 any mistakes during my past five years of works.However,I still could not gain success as a good writer like my teacher.Finally my teacher told me:“Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of life around you 8
37、 write successfully and meaningfully.”7.A should I make B did I make C I did make D would I make 8.A you willB cant you C you can D can you 二、中文译成英文 1.Television was not invented by any one person,(也不是一夜之间就出现的).2.Its said that (人类此前从未获得过如此大的成功)in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small sc
38、ale.3.Only by practising a few hours every day (你才能掌握这门外语).4.The organization had broken no rules,but (也没有很负责地执行规定).5.Especially important to many people (正是针对污染展开立法).三、难句分析翻译 1.Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary part
39、icle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.2.Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness,a few of which my dog refused to accept and make a
40、 tart reply.3.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.4.Down came the“white only”notices in buses,hotels,trains,restaurants,sporting events,rest rooms and on park benches that once could be
41、 found everywhere throughout the South.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 7 1.选D。该题考查全部倒装语序，因为主语 laughter,stamping of feet,and television music过长，应将介词短语 throught it 提前，句子全部倒装。2.选C。该题考查表示地点的介词短语在句首，句子应该全部倒装。3.选 B。该题考点为当前面的句子和后面的句子都含否定意义时，后面的分句常用 nor 连接，并采用部分倒装语序。4.选A。该题考点为 under no circumstances(无论如何)具有否定意义，放在句首时句子应部分倒装。5
42、.选A。该题考点仍为否定含义的表达用在句首时句子的倒装。否定副词 hardly 放在句首时，句子应倒装。Hardlywhen 引导的从句，一般从句用过去时，主句则用过去完成时。6.选C。该题考查否定含义的表达用在句首时句子的倒装及对应的时态。观察句子结构可以看出 not until 位于句首，要求主句倒装，又因从句 the game had begun 用的是过去完成时，所以主句应用过去时。7.选B。该题考点为否定含义的表达用在句首时句子的倒装。该句中 seldom“几乎没有，很少”是含有否定意义的副词，当它位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。8.选D。该题考点为 only 接状语从句位于句首时句子
43、的部分倒装。1.nor did it spring into being overnight【分析】该题考查否定平行结构的表达。前一句是否定，后一句也表示否定，nor 位于句首用倒装语序；前一句是过去时态，因此 nor 引导的句子与它呼应，也用过去时态。2.never before has man been so highly successful【分析】该题考查否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装。never 为否定副词，它用于句首时，所引领的句子应该部分倒装。3.will you be able to master the foreign language【分析】该题考点为only置于句首引起的
44、倒装。该句中only by practising a few hours every day位于句首作状语，句子应该倒装。4.neither had it acted responsibly【分析】该题考查否定平行结构的表达。neither 表否定，用在句首，句子部分倒装。5.is legislation against pollution【分析】该题考点为表语前置被强调时引起的倒装。该句中 especially important to many people 是表语，提前至句子前时表示强调，整个句子要全部倒装。1.【分析】并列复合句。由 and 连接，在第一个分句中含有一个让步状语从句：O
45、dd though it sounds。在 as(though)引导的让步状语中常使用倒装语序，为了强调表语 odd，把它放在了句首。正常语序为 thought it sounds odd。【译文】宇宙膨胀虽然听似奇特，但在科学上看来它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论的可信推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。2.【分析】多重复合句。也是一个完全倒装句。主语是 a dog，谓语是 is，介词短语 across the court 是表语。定语从句 that I have occupied for the past few years 用来修饰 apartment；定语从句
46、that often hurls insultsdarkness 修饰 dog；定语从句 a few of which my dog refused to accept and make a tart reply 的先行词是 insults。短语 hurls insults into意为“向施暴、无礼”；短语 make a tart reply 意为“做出尖刻的回敬”。【译文】我过去曾在曼哈顿区的一个寓所里住过几年，就在我院子里有一条狗，常冲着漆黑的夜空狂吠。我的狗偶尔对那条狗的狂叫表示不满并回敬以尖刻的叫声。3.【分析】复合句。主句是一个完全倒装句，正常的语序是 human nature in the West is such that；从句是 that 引导的同位语从句。【译文】许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方是人 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 8 之常情。4.【分析】复合句。含有倒装结构，其主干是 Down came the notices。down 为副词作状语，置于句首，后面主语和谓语要倒装；that 引导的定语从句修饰 notices。【译文】曾一度在南方的公共汽车上、旅馆中、火车上、饭店里、体育赛事中、公共厕所里和公园长椅上，到处可见的“白人专用”字样的牌子被取了下来。