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1、专题十一细节理解,高考英语 (江苏省专用),A组自主命题江苏卷题组Passage 1(2018江苏,A)词数:187The Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org,五年高考,EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.SundayThursday 10:0017:30Friday and Saturday 10:0021:00Closed Thanksgiving Day,
2、December 25,January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day;free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures,
3、 guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/,childrens programs are free with admission.Ask about todays activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architec
4、ture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of master-works in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours:Open 7 days a week.,MarchOctober 10:0017:15NovemberFebruary 10:0016:45Closed Thanksgiving Day, Decemb
5、er 25, and January 1.1.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62.2. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that .A.it opens all the year roundB.its collections date from the Middle AgesC.it has a modern
6、European-style gardenD.it sells excellent European glass collections,答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆的入口、参观时间、入场费用等情况。1.C细节理解题。题干句意:如果一个11岁的女孩和她的在职父母参观博物馆,他们可能需要支付多少钱?根据文中Admission部分的$25.00 recommended for adults(建议成年人每人25美元)和free for children under 12 with an adult(一位成年人带一个12岁以下的孩子,孩子免费)可知,他们共需支付:$25
7、+$25+$0=$50,故选C项。2.B细节理解题。根据题干中的the Cloisters museum and gardens可以直接定位到文中的The Cloisters Museum and Gardens部分。根据该部分第一句中的devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages(关于欧洲中世纪的艺术和建筑)可确定答案为B项。根据Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.可知A项错误;C项和D项原文未涉及,故应排除。重点词汇recommend v.
8、推荐,建议exhibition n.展览consist of由组成,由构成词汇积累masterwork n.杰作,名作precious adj.珍贵的,Passage 2(2018江苏,C)词数:427If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop car-makers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the b
9、est of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farme
10、r myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farm-ers that are transforming the industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money gro
11、up. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldnt touch the
12、price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of,a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access
13、 to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified
14、 farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenshipthe greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path f
15、or talented people will-ing to grow the nations food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push
16、 for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers,from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.1.The author mentions car industry at the beginning
17、 of the passage to introduce .A.the progress made in car industryB.a special feature of agricultureC.a trend of development in agricultureD.the importance of investing in car industry2.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are necessar
18、y.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.3.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.,B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To
19、win old farmers support.4.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Invest more to improve technology.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。小规模农场主通过自身对行业的快速反应、使用快速收割机等手段在效率方面也不输于大规模农场主。但是现在的农业也面临一些困难,为了有一个更可持续的、更
20、公平的农业经济局面,美国青年农会要获得更多的支持。1.B细节理解题。题干意思是:作者在文章开头提到汽车行业是为了引出。根据第一段可知,作者提及汽车行业是为了引出农业的特点,故选B。,2.D推理判断题。题干意思是:在第二段通过举例作者想说明什么?由第二段内容可知,作者举例说明了在使用快速收割工具前后,小规模耕作生产效率的变化。故选D。3.C细节理解题。题干意思是:对于新一代农民来说他们的困难是什么?根据第三段第二句话“一个重要因素就是确保土地的利用。”和第四段第一句话“对于超过一百万的最有资质的农民和经理的又一个挑战就是没有公民渠道建设自己的农场的最大障碍。”可知,应该选C项。4.A细节理解题。
21、根据题干关键词“a more sustainable and fair farm economy(一个更可持续、更公平的农场经济)”可把答案定位在最后一段。文章第一段最后一句说明了美国青年农会(NYFC)的功能,最后一段第二句话中的“当我们督促议会去加强农耕地保护的同时,我们需要更广泛的支持”可知答案应该选A。长难句原句:With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of
22、 a new farmer, we must clear the path for talent-ed people willing to grow the nations food.,分析:本句含有两个with的复合结构,均在句中作状语。句子主干是we must clear the path。for talented people.为介词短语,willing to grow the nations food是形容词短语作后置定语。译文:超过65岁的农民以61的比例超过年龄不到35岁的农民,以及国家2/3的农田急需新农民,我们必须为那些乐意种植粮食且有天赋的人清理路障。重点词汇disturb
23、vt.弄乱;打扰;改变be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事innovation n.新观念,新方法,新发现sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的fundamental adj.基本的;根本的access n.使用权,DID YOU KNOW.In 105 AD paper was invented in China?When Columbus discovered the New World?The British Museum opened in 1759?,Passage 3(2017江苏,A)词数:189CHRONOLOGICAThe Unbelie
24、vable Years that Defined History,CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the cre-ation of the internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons.and monkeys in space. Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history an
25、d learn why being a Roman Emperor wasnt always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years War didnt actually,last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.,CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbeliev
26、able facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.,This complete but brief historical colle
27、ction is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guar-anteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!1.What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A.A biography.B.A travel guide.C.A history book.D.A science fiction.2.How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?A
28、.By giving details of its collection.,B.By introducing some of its contents.C.By telling stories at the beginning.D.By comparing it with other books.答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一本叫CHRONOLOGICA的历史书,这本书中有人类历史上的很多重要年份、重要事件、重要人物,还有一些不很出名的人物。1.C推理判断题。根据开头的 “The Unbelievable Years that Defined History”并结合后文对这本书的描述,
29、我们可以推断出这本书是一本历史书。2.B细节理解题。本文的大量篇幅被用于介绍书中的历史时间、历史事件和历史人物,由此可知作者通过介绍书的内容的方式来推荐这本书,所以答案为B项。重点词汇define vt.解释;阐明;给下定义guarantee vt. 确保;保证词汇积累informative adj.给予知识的illustrate vt. (用插图、示例)说明;加插图于,Passage 4(2016江苏,A)词数:203,1.E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that.A.they are given by
30、best TDSB teachersB.they are not on the day school timetableC.they are not included on students reportsD.they are an addition to TDSB courses2.What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?A.To learn information technology on-line.B.To do their assignments independently.C.To updat
31、e their mobile devices regularly.D.To talk face to face with their teachers.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了e-Learning courses 即网上学习课程的情况。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段的are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers可知,这些网上学习课程只是由TDSB的老师教授而没有说是最好的TDSB老师教,所以A项错误;根据第,一段可知网上学习课程是在学生的day school timetable上的,因此B项错误;根据文章第三段appear on t
32、he students report upon completion可知,网上学习课程是会出现在学生的report里的,所以C项错误;由文章第一段和第四段可推测出这些网上学习课程是TDSB课程的补充,所以D项正确。2.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,在网上课程上成功的学生是能够以负责和诚实的态度独立学习的,所以可推测出,在完成网上学习课程之前学生需要独立地去完成自己的任务,因此B项正确。文章没有提到A、C、D三项。高级语块1.be available可被利用或得到的2.provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物3.be capable of有能力,能够长难句Student
33、s need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.在他们的网络课程学习上学生需要花费至少跟面对面班级课程上一样多的时间。本句为比较状语从句,as much time as.是一个同级比较。,Passage 5(2016江苏,B)词数:385Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect th
34、eir terri-tory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly de-cline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In th
35、e laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed o
36、r not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expe
37、riments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.,There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught,but natu-rally possessed in you
38、ng children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before
39、their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont i
40、s what Tomasello calls shared inten-tionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1.Wha
41、t can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A.Chimps seldom care about others interests.B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.,C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors food.D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.2.Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they.A.h
42、ave the instinct to help othersB.know how to offer help to adultsC.know the world better than chimpsD.trust adults with their hands full3.The passage is mainly about .A.the helping behaviors of young childrenB.ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC.cooperation as a distinctive human natureD.
43、the development of intelligence in children,答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本性。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句Human children, on the other hand, are natural-ly cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share i
44、nformation and to partic-ipate in achieving common goals.可知,小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故选A项。B项太片面;C、D两项文中没提到。3.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。高级语块1.at random胡乱;任意地,随便地2.no better than几乎等于3.participate in 参加,长难句If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of
45、 food for himself or, with no greater effort, a pate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at ran-dom.如果一只黑猩猩被放在一个笼子里,在这个笼子里它能为自己拿一盘食物,或者能不付出更多的努力就可以拿到为旁边笼子里的邻居也提供食物的盘子,它会随意拿本句中if引导条件状语从句,其中有两个定语从句,第一个为where引导的定语从句修饰先行词a cage, 第二个为that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a plate。,Passage 6(20
46、15江苏,A)词数:207,1.According to the Code,visitors should act.A.with care and respectB.with relief and pleasureC.with caution and calmnessD.with attention and observation2.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?A.Take your own camping facilities.B.Bury glass far away from rivers.C.
47、Follow the track for the sake of plants.D.Observe signs to approach nesting birds.答案语篇解读本文为应用文,主要向游客介绍了在新西兰旅游时的注意事项。1.A推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章介绍的游客须知,都在要求游客在新西兰旅游时应该注意遵守规则并尊重当地环境。故选A项。,2.C细节理解题。根据第七条Camp or picnic carefully中use facilities provided可知,露营野炊要使用所提供的设施,A项错误;根据第三条Get rid of rubbish中recycle waste
48、(e.g., glass, paper) where possible可知,玻璃、纸张等垃圾应该被回收而不是被掩埋,B项错误;根据第八条注意事项Keep to the track下的内容可知,要走在已有的小道上,以免损伤脆弱的植被,C项符合题意;根据第二条Protect plants and animals可知,不要在鸟类栖息地让宠物乱跑,另外根据最后一条Be considerate中observe no smoking signs可知,要注意禁烟标志,并不是接近鸟类栖息地要注意标志,D项错误。高级语块1.be considerate with考虑某事;体谅某事2.in the back country在偏僻的乡村3.lessen the chance of.减少的可能性长难句If in doubt declare it to Customs.如果拿不准,就向海关申报。If in doubt是省略的状语从句,相当于If you are in doubt;declare it to Customs是祈使句。declare在本句中指(向海关)申报,另外还可表示“公布,宣告”。,