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1、专题十四细节理解高考英语高考英语高考英语高考英语 (天津市天津市天津市天津市专用专用专用专用)A A组自主命题组自主命题天津卷题组天津卷题组Passage1(2018天津夏,A)词数:332FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguisher
2、s(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的)firealarmsystemswhichin-cludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarea
3、lsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡五年高考乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowin
4、g:TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irres
5、ponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussitu-ationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextin-guisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperation
6、ofyoursmokedetector:Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblink-ing(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.1.Whatisthemaindutyofthefireprevent
7、ionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.2.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullsta
8、tionsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.3.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall4.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamag
9、ethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.5.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。题材为消防安全类。本文就
10、学生宿舍楼如何预防火灾从五个方面做了详尽的说明。1.C细节理解题。题干句意:预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器)可知,C项(检查并维护火灾预防设备)描述的就是他们的主要职责。A项:为学生提供兼职工作。B项:带领学生到最近的通道。D项:把老师培训成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在文章中均没有提及。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知答案为B项。A项中的“pipes”不包含在
11、内。C项中的两个都没有包括在内。D项中的“firealarmpullstations”不包含在内。3.C细节理解题。题干句意:在火灾演练中,学生们应该。根据第三部分中的前两个黑点提示部分(带上钥匙和你的身份证,关上并锁上你的房间门。从离你最近的紧急出口马上离开,不要用电梯),可知,这时候学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项:迅速跑向电梯。这与“不要用电梯”恰好相反。B项:在最近的通道集合。让你从这里马上离开,而不是在这里集合。D项:在宿舍楼里等候指令。由第三部分中的第三个黑点后的内容可知,是让你离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令。4.A细节理解题。题干句意:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据
12、第四部分最后一句话(错误地使用灭火器会导致罚款)可知A项正确。B项:不负责任地使用灭火器会毁坏它们。本部分第三句话指出不负责任地使用灭火器会对在楼内居住的其他人带来危险,故排除B项。C项:不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓。这个危害文章没有提及。D项:没有指导人员在现场是禁止使用灭火器的。这一点文章也没有提及。5.D推理判断题。题干句意:为了保证烟雾探测器安全运转,我们应该。根据第五部分中第一个黑点后的提示(如果你的烟雾探测器正常工作的话,上面的红灯应该是亮着的。如果红灯不闪烁了,立即联系宿舍管理员)可推断出,为了让烟雾探测器正常运转,一定要确保上面的红灯是工作的。这与D项的描述相符。A项中的r
13、egularly与原文的immediately不符。其他两项均未提及。重点词汇重点词汇inspectvt.检查;查看drilln.演习emergencyexit紧急出口resultin导致;带来词汇积累词汇积累staffn.全体职员;员工automaticadj.自动的detectorn.探测器residentn.居民Passage2(2018天津春,A)词数:330Whenyouchooseahighereducationcourse,herearesometipsforyoutofollow.ChoosingyourcourseTherearearangeofsubjectsandcour
14、sesavailable.Manyarework-related;othersareacademic.You llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.Forexample,ifyou reinterestedinconstructionbutwishtouseyourcreativeskills,youmaybebettersuitedtoabuildingdesignmanagementcoursethanabuildingprojectmanage-ment
15、course.StyleoflearningThinkaboutthestyleoflearningthatbestsuitsyou.It simportanttostudyasubjectthatyoupar-ticularlyenjoy,butifyouwanttofollowacareerinadifferentarea,youmayconsidertakingthesubjectsyouwanttolearnandjoiningthemintoonedegree.Manydegreecoursesaremadeupofdifferentsubjectmoduleswhichdealwi
16、thparticularareasofinterest.ChoosingwheretostudyWhereyoustudycanbealmostasimportantaswhatyoustudy.Onethingtoconsideriswhetheryouwanttoliveathomeormoveaway.Forsomepeople,livingathomeoffersthebestofbothworlds,butitmaymakesensetomoveifyouwanttostudyaparticularcourseataspecificuniver-sityorcollege.Manys
17、tudentsvaluetheexperienceoflivingoncampusorinadifferentpartofthecountryasanimportantpartofuniversitylife.FindingoutmoreaboutcoursesOnceyou vegotalistofcoursesthatappealtoyou,it sworthlookingatsomeothersourcesofinformationaboutthem,likeindependentreports.Theseprovideinformationonthenumbersofstudentsw
18、hofinishedthecourse,studentsatisfactionandmore.OpendaysOpendaysusuallytakeplaceinspringorautumn.Althoughyoumayhaveanideaaboutwhatacourseislike,there snosubstitute(替代)forattendingaclassyourself.Ifyoucan tcomeontheopendays,youcansignupforaguidedtourinstead.1.Youneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecou
19、rseswithsimilarnamesmaybe.A.creativity-focusedB.work-relatedC.fardifferentD.quitesimilar2.Whatareyouadvisedtodoifyourinterestdisagreeswithyourfuturecareer?A.Addpreferredsubjectstoyourdegreecourses.B.Choosethesubjectsbasedonyourinterest.C.Earndifferentdegrees.D.Giveupyourinterest.3.Whatdowelearnabout
20、fromPara.4?A.Disadvantagesofstudyingoncampus.B.Reasonsforchoosingwheretostudy.C.Importanceofattendinganearbycollege.D.Problemsofgoingtoafarawayuniversity.4.Whyisitrecommendedtocheckindependentreports?A.Toincreaseapplicants interest.B.Tobetterunderstandacourse.C.Tofigureouthowtocompleteacourse.D.Tofi
21、ndouthowdifferentthecoursesare.5.Ontheopendays,would-becollegestudentscan.A.signupforaparticularcourseB.takeaguidedtouronthecampusC.seewhetherthereisasubstitutecourseD.havefirst-handexperienceofacourse答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。就如何选大学课程提供了几点建议。1.C细节理解题。由第二段第三句You llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswi
22、thalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.可知选C。befardifferent=differenormously(大相径庭)。2.A细节理解题。由第三段中的butifyouwanttofollowacareerinadifferentarea,youmayconsidertakingthesubjectsyouwanttolearnandjoiningthemintoonedegree可知选A项。3.B主旨大意题。由第四段第一、二句可知,本段主要说选学习的地点时应考虑的因素,故选B。4.B细节理解题。由题干中的关键词independentreports定位
23、到倒数第二段尾句Thesepro-videinformationonthenumbersofstudentswhofinishedthecourse,studentsatisfactionandmore.可知选B。5.D细节理解题。由尾段第二句Althoughyoumayhaveanideaaboutwhatacourseislike,there snosubstituteforattendingaclassyourself.可知选D。在学校开放日,准大学生可以通过亲自上一节课来体验一门课程。词汇提示词汇提示1.arangeof一系列2.enormouslyadv.非常,极其Passage3(
24、2017天津夏,D)词数:371Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefilli
25、ngupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.Acousin
26、totheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.Proper-lypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfivemin-utes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstr
27、ictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone slifeintoawaitinggamerequir
28、esfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsa-mongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaitin
29、g.Thenexttimeyou restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don tbedesperate.You reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.1.WhiledoingaWatched-PotWait,wetendto.A.keepourselvesbusyB.getabsent-mindedC.growanxiousD.stayfocused2.Whatisthedi
30、fferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control.B.TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepassive.C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn talwaysbringt
31、hedesiredresult.C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait.D.Itdoesn tgivepeoplefaithandhope.4.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A.Takeitseriously.B.Don trelyonothers.C.Dosomethingelse.D.Don tloseheart.5.Theauthorsupportshisviewby.A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits”B.describingdetailedproc
32、essesof“waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,题材为社会生活类。本文介绍了日常生活中出现的三种等待,并且对每种等待作了详细的分析。1.B细节理解题。第二段对Watched-PotWait进行了具体的描述。由第二段倒数第二句中的“.thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersabout.”可知,人们在这样的等待中容易走神,故选B。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thisonerequ
33、iresabitofdiscipline.”可知,A项中的“requiressomeself-control”与之相符,故选A。3.B细节理解题。第四段对Lucky-BreakWait作了详细的描述,本段最后一句中的“waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen”表明,这种等待不一定会带来预期的结果,故选B。4.D细节理解题。根据题干中的thenexttime可知,本题细节出现在最后一段。根据最后一段第二句“Thenexttime.don tbedesperate.”可知,作者建议我们在等待时不要绝望,故选D。5.
34、C推理判断题。本文分析了日常生活中的三种等待。故选C项。Passage4(2017天津春,A)词数:321CareerguidancespecialistsinJohnAdamsHighSchoolcanprovideinformationaboutCareer&TechnicalEducationclasses,assistyouinmakingwisedecisionsforyourfuture,andhelpyoufindopportunitiesin:certificateprograms,apprenticeship(学徒)programsandfour-yearcollegesth
35、atbestfityourneeds.Eachofthefollowingtwo-yearprogramsoffersthreehighschoolcreditspersemesterandrequiresaformalapplication.BusinessCooperativeExperiencesThisisaprogramforstudentswhohaveacareergoalinbusinessorofficework.Studentsspendoneperiodeachdaylearningadvancedskillsrelatedtothestudents careerobje
36、ctiveinbusiness.Studentswillbeemployedatatrainingstationandwillworkeachweekatabusinessinthelocalcommunity.Importantfacts:ComputerapplicationsWorkatotalof540hourstoearncreditsTransportationnotprovidedBusinessTechnologyLabThisprogramwillpreparestudentsforcareersinbusinessandindustryandforworkingwithin
37、teractivemedia.Studentswilllearnmultimedia,webdesign,andphotodesignskillsbyusingstate-of-the-art(最先进的)equipmentandsoftware.Thiscoursewillprovidestudentswiththetoolstoseekjobsorcontinuestudyingatapost-secondaryschool.Importantfacts:AvailableatClayHighSchoolTwo-hourcourseAutomotive(汽车的)ServicesTechnol
38、ogyTheprogramincludesclassroominstructionandlabactivitiesforthestudentstolearnentry-levelautomotiveskillsandbasicautomotiveoperationandservice.Studentswillgainskillsandtraininginautorepairthatcanleadtoentry-leveljobs,orpost-secondaryeducation.Importantfacts:ClassesheldatIvyTechTransportationprovided
39、BuildingTradesTechnologyInthisprogram,students,undertheleadershipofaqualifiedinstructor,willbuildahouse.Itgivesstudentsbasicskillsneededtoenterthebuildingtrades,ortocontinuestudyofconstructioninanapprenticeprogram,orapost-secondaryschool.Importantfacts:Three-hourcourseTransportationprovidedWorkboots
40、andhelmetneeded1.IntheBusinessCooperativeExperiencesprogram,studentswill.A.havefreetransportationB.finish540classhoursC.acquiretrainingabilityD.workatalocalbusiness2.AnapplicantforBusinessTechnologyLabislikelytobeastudentwhoplans.A.tobeanequipmentproviderB.toworkatasecondaryschoolC.todevelopgreatcom
41、puterskillsD.toentertheacademicworld3.WhatcanstudentslearninAutomotiveServicesTechnology?A.Securityoperations.B.Entry-levelcarservices.C.Instructiontechniques.D.Advancedautomotiveskills.4.Whichoftheprogramshassafetyrequirements?A.BusinessCooperativeExperiences.B.BusinessTechnologyLab.C.AutomotiveSer
42、vicesTechnology.D.BuildingTradesTechnology.5.Whatdothefourprogramsfocuson?A.Practicalskills.B.Theoreticalstudy.C.Businessplanning.D.Managementability.答案答案语篇解读本文为应用文,题材为学校教育类。文章介绍了几门实用技术课程。1.D细节理解题。由第一个课程中的Studentswillbeemployedatatrainingstationandwillworkeachweekatabusinessinthelocalcommunity.可知答案。
43、2.C细节理解题。由第二个课程中的Studentswilllearnmultimedia,webdesign,andphotode-signskillsbyusingstate-of-the-art(最先进的)equipmentandsoftware.可知答案。3.B细节理解题。由第三个课程中的forthestudentstolearnentry-levelautomotiveskillsandbasicautomotiveoperationandservice可知答案。4.D推理判断题。由第四个课程中的Workbootsandhelmetneeded可推知答案。5.A推理判断题。综合四个课程
44、的具体内容可推知,所有课程均以实用技术为中心。词汇提示词汇提示1.interactiveadj.交互式的,人机对话的,互动的2.undertheleadershipof在的领导下3.apprenticen.学徒Passage5(2017天津春,C)词数:356DebraAveryhasbeenahorseloversinceshewasalittlegirlinSanDiego.Herfamilycouldn taffordahorseofitsown,soDebraborrowedridesatthelocalhorse-ridingcenter,gainingthecon-fidenceo
45、nlyfoundatopahorse.Yearslater,Debrarememberedthoseearlydays,andthelessonsshelearnedwiththehorsesattheridingcenter,andwantedtohelpotheryoungwomengetthebenefitsofconnectingwithhorses.“Ialwayswantedtorunahorseprogramforgirlslikeme,”saysDebra.“Iwantedtohelpthemgainthecouragetobearoundahorseandtocarefora
46、horse.”OnedayattheLosAngelesHorse-ridingCenter,asDebrarodebesidefellowriderJudithHopkins,shementionedaninheritance(遗产)fromherfather-in-lawandherdesiretouseittoservedisad-vantagedgirls.Judithhadthesamedreamandanamefortheorganization.TheyfoundedTakingtheReins(TTR)in1998.Theorganizationservesmorethan40
47、0youngwomenperyearinafter-school,weekend,andsummerprogramsthatfeaturehorseridingandcare,gardeningandevencompetitivehorseshowing.Mostparticipantslivebelowthepovertylineandoftenhavenothadreliablehousingformorethansixmonthsatatime.Fewhaveprevioushorseexperience.TTRusesfarmandranchexperiencestoteachresp
48、onsibility,leadership,teamwork,andself-con-fidence.DirectorDr.JaneHavensays,“Alargenumberofourgirlsaresomewhatautistic(孤独症的).Ican tcounthowmanyofthemhavefoundtheirfirstsocialfriendsthankstosharingthishobbyandactivity.Horsesbringthemoutinsuchawonderfulway.”JanealsoseesmembersofTTRprogramexcelinschool
49、100percentofyoungwomeninvolvedforfouryearsormorehavegraduatedfromhighschool.Ninety-ninepercentofthoseparticipantshavegoneontoattendfour-yearcolleges.DebraseesamoreobviousimpactafterafewweeksintheTTRprogram,theyoungwomensitalittlehigherintheirsaddles(马鞍).“There sjustsomethingaboutsittinguponthebackof
50、ahorsethatgivesthemaboostofconfidence.”1.Debra searlylifewasgreatlyinfluencedby.A.herfamilyB.horseridingC.schoollessonsD.herfellowrider2.WhatprogramsdoesTTRoffer?A.Horseridingandshowing.B.Horsecareandfarming.C.Petcareandgardening.D.Weekendhikingandcamping.3.Whowastheorganizationfoundedfor?A.Homeless