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1、姓名：陈志红姓名：陈志红 学号：学号：200940927122班级：班级：09英语教育班英语教育班BritishLiteratureBritishliteraturereferstoliteratureassociatedwiththeUnitedKingdom,theIsleofManandtheChannelIslandsaswellastoliteraturefromEngland,WalesandScotlandpriortotheformationoftheUnitedKingdom.MostBritishliteratureisintheEnglishlanguage.Willia
2、m ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare(baptised26April1564;died23April1616)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworldspre-eminentdramatist.1HeisoftencalledEnglandsnationalpoetandtheBardofAvon.Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38
3、plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.IntheFirstFolio,theplaysofWilliamShakespeareweregroupedintothreecategories:comedies,histories,andtragediesComedy,initsElizabethanusa
4、ge,hadaverydifferentmeaningfrommoderncomedy.AShakespeareancomedyisonethathasahappyending,usuallyinvolvingmarriagesbetweentheunmarriedcharacters,andatoneandstylethatismorelight-heartedthanShakespearesotherplays.Patternsinthecomediesincludemovementtoagreenworld,1bothinternalandexternalconflicts,andate
5、nsionbetweenApollonianandDionysianvalues.Shakespeareancomediestendtoalsoinclude:tragediesShakespearewrotetragediesfromthebeginningofhiscareer.OneofhisearliestplayswastheRomantragedyTitus Andronicus,whichhefollowedafewyearslaterwithRomeo and Juliet.However,hismostadmiredtragedieswerewritteninaseven-y
6、earperiodbetween1601and1608.TheseincludehisfourmajortragediesHamlet,Othello,King LearandMacbeth,alongwithAntony&Cleopatra,Coriolanusandthelesser-knownTimon of AthensandTroilus and Cressida.Romeo and JulietRomeo and JulietisatragedywrittenearlyinthecareerofplaywrightWilliamShakespeareabouttwoyoungsta
7、r-crossdlovers1whosedeathsultimatelyunitetheirfeudingfamilies.ItwasamongShakespearesmostpopulararchetypalstoriesofyoung,teenagelovers.HamletHamlet,isatragedybyWilliamShakespeare,believedtohavebeenwrittenbetween1599and1601.Theplay,setintheKingdomofDenmark,recountshowPrinceHamletexactsrevengeonhisuncl
8、eClaudius,firstlyformurderingtheoldKingHamlet(ClaudiussbrotherandPrinceHamletsfather)andsecondlyforthensucceedingtothethroneandmarryingGertrude(theKingHamletswidowandmotherofPrinceHamlet).Theplayvividlyportraysrealandfeignedmadnessfromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrageandexploresthemesoftreachery,reven
9、ge,incest,andmoralcorruption.ShakespeareanhistoryThe Life and Death of King John,ahistoryplaybyWilliamShakespeare,dramatisesthereignofJohn,KingofEngland(ruled11991216),sonofHenryIIofEnglandandEleanorofAquitaineandfatherofHenryIIIofEngland.Itisbelievedtohavebeenwritteninthemid-1590sbutwasnotpublished
10、untilitappearedintheFirstFolioin1623.EdwardIIIThe Reign of King Edward the ThirdisanElizabethanplayprintedanonymouslyin1596.IthasfrequentlybeenclaimedthatitwasatleastpartlywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare,aviewthatShakespearescholarshaveincreasinglyendorsed.TheplaycontainsmanygibesatScotlandandtheScottis
11、hpeople,whichhasledsomecriticstothinkthatitistheworkthatincitedGeorgeNicolson,QueenElizabethsagentinEdinburgh,toprotestagainsttheportrayalofScotsontheLondonstageina1598lettertoWilliamCecil,LordBurghley.ThiswouldexplainwhytheplaywasnotincludedintheFirstFolioofShakespearesworks,whichwaspublishedaftert
12、heScottishKingJameshadsucceededtotheEnglishthronein1603.ShakespeareancomedySeveralofShakespearescomedies,suchasMeasure for MeasureandAlls Well That Ends Well,haveanunusualtonewithadifficultmixofhumourandtragedywhichhasledthemtobeclassifiedasproblemplays.Itisnotclearwhethertheunevennatureofthesedrama
13、sisduetoanimperfectunderstandingofElizabethanhumourandsociety,afaultonShakespearespart,oradeliberateattemptbyhimtoblendstylesandsubverttheaudiencesexpectations.BytheendofShakespeareslife,hehadwrittenseventeencomediesComediesThe Merry Wives of WindsorisacomedybyWilliamShakespeare,firstpublishedin1602
14、,thoughbelievedtohavebeenwrittenpriorto1597.ItfeaturesthefatknightSirJohnFalstaff,andisShakespearesonlyplaytodealexclusivelywithcontemporaryElizabethaneraEnglishmiddleclasslife.Ithasbeenadaptedfortheoperaonoccasions.The Winters TaleThe Winters TaleisaplaybyWilliamShakespeare,originallypublishedinthe
15、FirstFolioof1623.Althoughitwasgroupedamongthecomedies,1somemoderneditorshaverelabelledtheplayasoneofShakespeareslateromances.Somecritics,amongthemW.W.Lawrence,2considerittobeoneofShakespearesproblemplays,becausethefirstthreeactsarefilledwithintensepsychologicaldrama,whilethelasttwoactsarecomedicandsupplyahappyending.