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1、第四集 语法填空核心考点考点突破 连词与介词 语言学习的基础 ,【考向聚焦】历年高考题中至少有一道题要考到连词或介词。介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如 with，beyond。连词考查较多的有：but 和 while，“祈使句and/or并列句”中的 and和 or；另外，for 作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。对应学生用书 P12 用适当的连词或介词填空 1(2013XX，22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look i
2、n your local library_a book about it.解析 考查介词。句意：在你去一个名胜旅行之前，在你当地的图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。本题关键在于认识到动词 look 与选项中的介词搭配构成固定短语的时候，其中隔有短语 in your local library。答案 for 2(2013XX，29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ the way whenever she tries to.解析 考查介词短语。句意：史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西
3、有困难，因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。答案 in 3(2013XX，30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.解析 考查短语辨析。此处表示“偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶”。答案 by 4(2013，26)I have an appointment _ Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.解析 考查介词。短语为 have an appoint
4、ment with sb，意为“与某人预约、约会”。答案 with 5(2013新课标，11)A serious study of physics is impossible_some knowledge of mathematics.解析 考查介词。句意：如果没有一点数学知识，要认真研究物理是不可能的。答案 without 6(2013新课标，34)It was a real race_time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.解析 考查介词。句意：为了完成这项工程，这真是与时间的一次赛跑。答案 against 7(2013新课标，32)
5、Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_another man，also intelligent，fails.解析 考查并列连词。根据句意，前后两句话为两种情况的对比“一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，但是失败了”。并列连词 while 表示对比。答案 while 8(2013XX，23)Its not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and self-control，it is possible.解析 考查并列连词。句意：改变习惯不易，但如
6、果是有意识和有自我控制能力的话，还是有可能的。前后为转折关系，用并列连词but。答案 but 对应学生用书 P12 介词的普通用法【典例 1】Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009XX)解析 考查介词的用法。among 表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在获奖的 14 个人里边，中国模特占 4 人”可知。答案 among【典例 2】He invited me to a dance after the sh
7、ow _ Christmas Eve.(2009XX)解析 考查介词的用法。at Christmas 表示在圣诞期间；介词 on 后接具体的某一天。此处表示在圣诞节前夕，故用介词 on。答案 on【典例 3】Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name，not case number.(2010XX)解析 句意：如今一些医院以名字来叫病人，而不是以病历号。考查固定短语。by 表“方式”。答案 by【典例 4】_ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious，the government
8、 is searching for ways to improve peoples life.(2013XX 调研)解析 句意：随着经济危机变得越来越严重，政府正在想方设法改善人们的生活。这里 the crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一个短语，所以应该用介词with，表示伴随；而 as，when 和 if 后面都要跟句子。答案 With 1When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30.解析 by 后接时间点，意为“不迟于”，“在之前”。答案 By 2Luckily，the bu
9、llet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch.解析 句意：子弹以一寸之差未击中上尉的头部。by 可表示时间、空间、距离等数量的相差。答案 by 3A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.解析 句意：伟人总是把他人的利益置于个人利益之上。above 意为“在上方”符合句意。答案 above 4_ the production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.解析 句意：由于产量增长了 60%，该公司又有一
10、个丰收年。答案 With 介词 with 的用法主要有 1表示“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。2表示“随着”With time passing，they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with 后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况 He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。4表示“具有；带有；包括在内”China
11、is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。5表示原因或理由 The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。介词短语【典例 5】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ favor of younger men.(2011XX，30)解析 句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。考查介词短语辨
12、析。句中的 step aside 表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语 in favor of 表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。答案 in【典例 6】More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of space.(2010XX)解析“介词名词介词短语”多由 in 和 for开头，常见的有 in favour of(赞成)，in honour of(为了纪念，为向表示敬意，为庆祝)，for fear of(以免)等，如 for lack of(由于缺乏)。答案 for【典例 7】We give dog
13、s time，space and love we can spare，and _ return，dogs give us their all.(2010XX)解析“介词名词”构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点，因此，熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由 by，for，in，on等“活跃介词名词”构成，如 by chance/accident(偶然)，on purpose(故意)，in return(反过来)。答案 in 5Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?解析 考查介词。句意：你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧
14、了？across 表示“从一边到另一边”，符合句意。答案 across 6An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.解析 考查介词的用法。句意：达成协议似乎不可能，因为大多数委员会成员反对。against“反对”，符合句意。答案 against 1动词介词 account for说明 agree on对达成协议 begin with以开始 come across碰见 go into 调查 keep from 阻止 look for 寻找 stand for
15、 代表 agree with 同意(某人意见)answer for 对负责 wait for 等待 decide on 对作出决定 head for 向前进 live on 靠生活 look into 调查 stick to 坚持 agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对 call for要求 get into进入 hear from接到的信、look after 照顾 run into 碰到 wait on 招待 2动词副词介词 add up to 合计达come up with 提出 get on with 与相处融洽 look down upon 看不起 look up to
16、敬仰(某人)put up with 忍受 come up against 遭到反对 do away with 废除 keep up with 跟上 look forward to 盼望 make up for 弥补 stand out for 坚决要求 come up to 达到 get down to 开始认真考虑 live up to不辜负(期望)look out for 当心 run out of 用完 stick out for 坚持要求 3动词名词介词 catch sight of 突然看见 make room for 为腾出地方 take pride in 以为荣 make fri
17、ends with 和交朋友 pay attention to 注意 show interest in对感兴趣 make fun of 取笑 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 含有介词的成语【典例 8】We hadnt planned to meet.We met _ chance.解析 by chance 为固定搭配，意为“偶然”。答案 by【典例 9】His efforts to raise money for his program were _ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent
18、out of their pockets.解析 句意：他为这个项目筹集资金的努力徒劳无功，因为没有人愿意从腰包里掏一分钱。in vain 意为“徒劳”，符合句意。答案 in 7He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.解析 句意：他是一个好学生，大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above 表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过，多于”，符合句意。答案 above 8 Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.解析 考查介词。句意
19、：有时候，解决食品安全问题的答案并不太难寻求。answer to表示“(问题)的答案”，是固定搭配。本句中的 food safety problems 被从 proper answers 的后面移至现在的位置，从而加大了此题的解题难度。答案 to 揭密常考的介词成语(1)含有 at 的成语 at a time 一次 at least 至少 at the same time 同时 at all costs 不惜一切代价 at most 至多 at times 有时候 at first 最初 at once立即 at will 任意地 at last 最后 at present 目前 at wor
20、k 起作用(2)含有 by 的成语 by accident 偶然 by day/night 白天/夜间 by heart 能背诵 by turns 轮流 by birth 出身 by no means绝不 by chance偶然 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下 by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说一下(3)含有 in 的成语 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in case 假使 in fact 实际上 in ones opinion 在某人看来 in other words 换句话说 in short 总之 in
21、 the long run 从长远来看 in advance 事先 in store 必将发生 in general 一般说来 in no time 立刻 in public 公开地 in vain 徒劳 in time 及时 in the meantime 同时 in danger 处于危险中 in turn轮流 in order井井有条 in return作为回报 in the end最后 in all 总共(4)含有 on 的成语 on average 平均 on foot 步行 on sale 在出售 on the way 在途中 on business出差 on holiday 在休
22、假 on strike 罢工 on time 准时 on duty 值日 on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on the spot 当场 on fire 着火 on purpose 故意地 on the other hand 另一方面(5)含有 out of 的成语 out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of date 过时 out of order 发生故障 out of patience失去耐心 out of work 失业 out of control 失去控制 out of doors 在户外 out of question 毫无疑问 out
23、 of reach 拿不到 out of the question 不可能 out of danger脱险 out of fashion不合时尚 out of luck倒霉 out of shape变形 out of touch 失去联系 并列连词【典例 10】Find ways to praise your children often，_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.(2011XX)解析 句意：设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。考查并列连词。从句意连贯判断应用 and表顺承关系。答案 and【典例 11】
24、They wanted to charge$5，000 for the car，_we managed to bring the price down.解析 两个分句之间是转折关系，故用并列连词 but。答案 but【典例 12】In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.解析 此处是对 women和 men 的分工进行对比，故用 while，而不用 but。答案 while【典例 13】John plays basketball well，_ his f
25、avorite is badminton.解析 yet 是并列连词，表示转折。答案 yet【典例 14】He found it increasingly difficult to read，_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.解析 for 在此引出表示原因的并列分句。答案 for【典例 15】Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.解析 此并列句的结构为“祈使句and陈述句”。祈使句表示条件，and 在此引出表示结果的并列分句。答案 and 9Try to read s
26、tories in English and speak in English whenever you can，_ you will see more progress over time.解析 这是一个“祈使句and陈述句”结构。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用 and。答案 and 10I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free _ the third costs$30.解析 while 是并列连词，表示对比，意为“而”。答案 while 11It is often said t
27、hat the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself.解析 not.but.构成固定句式，意为“不而”，but为并列连词。答案 not；but 12I thought wed be late for the concert，_ we ended up getting there ahead of time.解析 两个分句在意义上是转折关系，故用 but。答案 but 13You have failed two tests.Youd better start working ha
28、rder，_you wont pass the course.解析 考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”。因为祈使句与后面的陈述句所表达的内容是对立的关系，故用 or(否则)。答案 or 14Help others whenever you can_you will make the world a nicer place to live in.解析 此并列句的结构为“祈使句and陈述句”。and 意为“那么”，引出表示结果的并列分句。答案 and 做并列连词的 when 和 while(1)when 还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于 and at this/that time。常
29、用于下列句式：sb was doing sth when.sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when.sb had just done sth when.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。(2)while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：He likes pop
30、 music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。对应学生用书 P15 用适当的介词或连词填空 1Some people do as they please regardless _ what the result will be.解析 结合上下文的意思可知应选regardless of(不管)。答案 of 2She is _ a growing number of Chinese people who are finding it increasingly difficult to find the time to read each
31、 day.解析 among表示是三者以上的人或物当中的一员，相当于 one of。答案 among 3I know nothing about the young lady _ she has just come back from Great Britain and got a doctors degree.解析 except that 后接从句。答案 except that 4Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of Guangdong.Hainan is _ the coast of the mainl
32、and.解析 表示位置关系的几个介词中，in 指位于某个 X 围之内，on 指与接壤，to 指位于某个 X 围之外，off 指在离有一定距离的海上。答案 in；on；off 5 Our company has arranged me to go on a business trip to Shenzhen next week，but I will drop in on my friend in Guangzhou first.In other words，I will go to Shenzhen _ way of Guangzhou.解析 by way of 意为“经由，取道”。第二句意思：
33、我将取道 XX 去 XX。答案 by 6 In Hangzhou，Mr.Black was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night.解析 介词 by 后接动作的发出者。stay for another night意为“再住一晚”。答案 by；for 7Wuhan and Chongqing are among the most important cities in China _ terms of their size and population.解析 in terms of 意为“就而言”。句意：就规
34、模和人口数而言，XX 和 XX 在中国都算举足轻重的城市。答案 in 8His bestknown painting that is _ all praise will be on show in the National Gallery early next month.解析 be beyond all praise 意为“倍受赞誉”。答案 beyond 9What do you want to do _ those old boxes?To put things in when I move to the new flat.解析 to put things in 表明 those old
35、boxes 是被用作工具，故选介词 with。答案 with 10 The number of the employees has grown from 1，000 to 1，200.This means it has risen _ 20 percent.解析 by 后接增长或减少的幅度；to 后接增长或减少后达到的具体数量。答案 by 11Knowledge is the food of thought _，as long as it is put in our brain，we will grow wiser.解析 and 连接两个并列分句，表示联合关系。答案 and 12There i
36、s still much to discuss；_，we shall return to this topic at the next meeting.解析 根据句意，此处应填表示“因此”、“所以”之意的词，故选 therefore。答案 therefore 13 Its really very dangerous.One more step，_ the baby will fall into the well.解析 此句的句型结构为：祈使句and陈述句。并列连词and在此意为“那么”。One more stepTake one more step。答案 and 14Information technology is taught in most schools，_ we have entered the information era.解析 for 可用作表因果关系的并列连词，连接两个分句时，后一分句对前一分句进行解释。答案 for 15Ive taught him，several times，_ he still doesnt know how to do it correctly.解析 虽然我教了他几次，但是他仍然不知道怎么正确地做。答案 but提示 课后完成专题提升训练四