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1、 非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解 非谓语动词就是不充任谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词 ing 形式。一、动词不定式 1）作主语 TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.说明动词不定式作主语时，常常用 .Itis+adj.+动词不定式 it 或 ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.作形式主语，这类句型可概括为下边的句型：假如要说明不定式表示的动作履行者，能够用 for+sb.Itis+adj.+fordosth.2）作表语 （表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特点和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing 形式、不定式、
2、从句来充任，它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）以后。）.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3）作宾语或许宾语补足语 .Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4）作定语：.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5）作状语：.Hestoppedtohavealook.说明动词不定式的否认形式：not+to+动词原形组成 .Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、动词不定式与
3、疑问词连用：疑问词 who,what,which 和疑问副词 when,where,how,why等后边能够按动词不定式，组成动词不定式短语。.(1)Hedoesntknowhowtousethemachine.(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了 to的动词不定式 1）let,have,make+do 2）感官动词 see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to 注意：在被动语态中则 to不可以免却。.Isawhimdance.
4、=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter+do 。4、动词不定式的特别句型：1）tooto+todo：.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2）enoughtodo：.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3）Whynot+do.Whynottakeaholiday?4）soas(not)todo:表示目的.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的难点：
5、1）用作介词的“to”：比方说 lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto 都是+doing 的！，后边 2）Itsforsb.和 Itsofsb.的差别 二、动词 ing 形式：动词 ing 形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是此刻分词 1动词的-ing 形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing 组成，它在句中起名词的作用，能够 在句子顶用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动 2）动名词作表语.Myfavoritesp
6、ortisswimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜爱吃巧克力。.Shecan thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了悲伤的电影忍不住要哭。说明 有些动词和动词短语只好接动名词。finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowell in,canthelp,keep on,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,。6）动名词作定语：动名词能够独自作定语，就像形容词同样。.asmilingface 笑容 swimm
7、ingpool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车 2动词的-ing 形式用作此刻分词：-ing 分词往常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或许正在进行。这类用法往常用在以下动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe ）TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.2）Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我们发现他在那边看电视。我听见有人在叩门。3动词 ing 形式和动名词之间的比较：下边这些动词，后边接不定式或动名词意思都是同样的：begintodo begindoing c
8、ontinuetodo continuedoing starttodo startdoing 下边这些动词，后边接不定式或动名词意思是不同样的：stoptodo forgettodo remembertodo trytodo stopdoing forgetdoing rememberdoing trydoing goontodo goondoing beafraidtodo beafraiddoing 【专练】1.Dontforget_theletter.A.tosend B.send C.sending D.being sent 2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfa
9、ctitisverycomfortableto_.A.sit B.siton C.besat D.besaton 3.Is_necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.this B.that C.it D.which 4.Imafraidtheywouldnotallowhim_here.A.tosmoke B.smoking C.smokes D.smoke 5.Mothertoldme_thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boiling B.boiled C.boil D.toboil 6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_somefood.
10、A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.bought 7.LiYangadvisedme_toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrink B.todrink C.notdrinking D.drinking 8.He_twomillionyuan_avaseattheauction.A.spent,buy B.cost,buying C.paid,buy D.spent,buying 9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois_.A.visittohim B.tovisithim C.visitinghim D.visit
11、ed him 10.Johnwasmade_thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing 11._isonething,_isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todo B.Say,do C.Said,did D.Tosay,do 12.Illtry_thesamemistakesagain.A.tonotmake B.notmake C.nottomake D.notmaking 13.Itstoohard_itbyhimself.A.nottodo B.todo C.thatIdo D.doi
12、ng 14.Itstimeforsports.Let s_bowling,shallwe?A.go go C.going D.goes 15.Mr.Zhou,you dbetter_toomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,saidthedoctor.A.nottoeat eat C.noteat D.eat 1Ifyoukeep_(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.2Thestudentsarebusy_(prepare)forthecomingexam.3Hisdutyis_(save)thesickpeople.4Ihave
13、nothing_(send)you.5Theyweremade_(work)tenhoursaday.6Nooneknowswhat_(do)next.【提升题】I.选择题。1.Thedoctorcame_oureyes.A.toexamineB.forexamining C.asto examine D.examining 2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_hard.A.toworkB.work C.working D.worked 3._ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.A.CleaningB.Clean Cleaned D.Toclean
14、 4._isourduty_goodservicetocustomers A.That,togiveB.This,givingC.It,togive D.It,giving 5.Ittookyears_thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuild D.building 6.Theirwishis_ahouseoftheirown.A.tohave B.forhaving C.have D.ofhaving 7.Theteacheragreed_us_thetestpapershome.A.tolet,take B.tolet,to
15、take C.letting,take D.let,take 8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_mehisbicycle.A.lending B.lent C.tolend D.in lending 9.Idontlike_people_abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talking B.tohear,talking C.to hear,to talk D.hearing,talked 10.Ihaventdecided_ A.totakewhichtrain B.whichtotakeatrain C.whichtraintotake
16、 D.whichtraintaken 11.Youmustremember_meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.giving B.togive C.gave D.give 12.Professor Browntaughthisstudents_English,andhelearned_Chinese fromthem.A.howtospeak,speaking B.howtospeak,tospeak C.howspeaking,speaking D.howspeak,tospeak 13.Sorry,Iforgot_youthatthepartywouldnt
17、beheldtonight.Thatsallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.telling B.Itold C.told D.totell 14.Iwonder_himornot.A.ifinvite B.whethertoinvite Ctoinvite D.iftoinvite 15.Ihope_yourself.A.youtomanage B.foryoutomanage C.youmanaging D.thatyoucanmanage 16.Wouldyoulike_youthewaythere?Itskindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowin
18、gB.thatIshowC.meshowD.me toshow 17.Theoldmansaidthathedprefer_aloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.living B.tolive C.thathelives D.for himtolive 18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher_upfromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.to grow 19.Sincenobodytoldher_,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedi
19、d B.todowhat C.whattodo D.whatshetodo 20.Myauntshowedme_.A.howtomakeadress B.howadressbemade C.howmakingadress D.howadressmade 21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried_moreexercises_.A.tofind,todo B.finding,todo C.tofind,shedid D.finding,done 22.ThepolicemantoldSmith_afterdrinking.A.ton
20、otdrive B.notdriving C.notdrive D.nottodrive 23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_losehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoasto 24.Patshouldlove_littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake B.taking C.thathewould take D.forhim totake 25.Weenjoy_ verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.run B.runni
21、ng C.torun D.ran 26.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot_.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff 27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thatthey wouldrest 28.Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?Notatall.A.thatyoutellme B.telling C.totell D.
22、if telling 29.Hepromised_adoctorformyson.A.metoget B.thathegotme C.megetting D.me that hegot 30.Fathertoldtheboy_thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegave B.togive C.giving D.gave.moneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirdayswork.A.Forgetting B.Get C.Soastoget D.In order to get 32.Ithink
23、youare_mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocook B.oldenoughtocook C.oldenoughforcooking D.enougholdcooking 33.Themathsproblemis_difficult_.A.so,astoworkout B.very,toworkout C.too,toworkout D.quite,workedout 34.LastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididnthearhimin.A.coming B.came C.tocome D.come 35.Haveyoua
24、nythingimportant_us?A.totell B.telling C.toldus D.youtell 36.DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202 Yes.Hewasthesixthman_onthemoon.A.walking B.walked C.towalk D.of walking 37.Itisnice_her_so.A.for,tosay B.for,saying C.of,tosay D.of,said 38.Isntitaniceway_thehardproblem?A.tosolve B.insolving C.solve D.s
25、olving 39.Youdbetter_heraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotell B.nottell C.tonottell D.to tell not 40.What acoincidence!Dr.Brownhappened_the doctor Iwaslooking for.A.hewas B.being C.tobe D.tobeing II.填空题。1.Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater_(为了不污染河流).2.Herjobis_.(照料医院里生病的孩子)3.Inthesupermarketthecollegestudent
26、slearned_.(怎样为 顾客服务)4.ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidntknow_.(精选哪一 个).5.Theonlytroubleis_.(怎样保护这些电脑)6.Hewillsavemoney_.(为了支付未来的大学花费)7.Thenurse_.(不同意孩子们玩火柴)8.Thismedicinewill_.(帮你入眠)9.Theywillbesent_(到非洲当医疗队员).10.Theboyaskedhisteacher_.(让他自己维修冰箱)11.Thequestionis_.(能否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).12.Thistelephoneis_.(
27、足够小能够放入口袋)13.Thisbookwilltellyou_.(怎样使这台电脑储藏信息)14.I_.（没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）15.Itisnoteasy_.(一个人戒烟)16.Youcantakeataxithere_.(而不是步行去)17.Theundergroundtrainis_.(足够快可在 20 分钟内从我 们学校行驶到体育场).18.Thelecturehallis _.（太小容纳不下 500 个学生）19.Juliahurriedtoschool_.(没有吃早饭).20.Itoldthestudents_.（不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）21.Thomas_.(有很多
28、问题要问老师)22.Doyouknowthesaying“_.”（活到老学到老）23.Jacksaw_.(牛跑回来)24.Athensranalltheway_(把好信息告诉他的人 民).25.Hewasthefirstman_.(骑骑自行车做全球 旅游)26.Theyenjoy_.(登山和野营)27.Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked_(我们停 止发言).28._(在一个半小时内做完这份试卷)isalmostimpossible.29.Wewerehappy_.(看到他们回到阵营)30.Wouldyoumind_.？(我在你办公室打电话 )答案：I.1.A 2
29、.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.D 16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A21.A 22.D23.B24.A 25.B26.B 27.B28.B 29.A 30.B 31.D32.B 33.C 34.D35.A 36.C 37.C38.A39.B40.C II.1.soasnottopollutetherivers 2.totakecareofthesickchildreninthehospital 3.howtoservecustomers 4.whichtochoose 5.howtoprotectth
30、esecomputers 6.soastopaythecollegeexpensesinthefuture 7.didntallowthechildrentoplaywithmatches 8.helpyoutogotosleep 9.toworkinAfricaasmembersofamedicalteam 10.tolethimrepairthefridgehimself 11.whetherornottoletthechildrensolvetheproblemthemselves 12.smallenoughtofitintoapocket 13.howtomakethiscomput
31、erstoreinformation 14.failedtoanswerthelastquestioninthetestpaper 15.foronetogiveupsmoking 16.insteadofwalking 17.fastenoughtomovefromourschooltothestadiumintwentyminutes 18.toosmalltoholdfivehundredstudents 19.withouthavingbreakfast 20.nottothrowthecansanddrinksbottlesintotheriver 21.hadmanyquestio
32、nstoaskhisteacher 22.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn 23.thebullrunback 24.totellhispeoplethegoodnews 25.totravelaroundtheworldonhisbicycle 26.climbingmountainsandgoingonacampingtrip 27.ustostoptalking 28.Tofinishdoingthetestpaperinoneandahalfhours 29.toseethemreturntothecampsite 30.mymakingatelephonecallinyouroffice