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1、初中英语非谓语动词讲解初中英语非谓语动词讲解1.什么是动词不定式？什么是动词不定式？主主要要行行为为动动词词后后面面的的动动词词采采用用了了“to+动动词词原原形形”的的结结构构，我我们们把把这这种种结结构构称称为为动动词词不不定定式式（有有时时可可以以不不带带to）。动动词词不不定定式式没没有有人人称称和和数数的的变变化化，在在句句子子中中不不能能作作谓谓语语。下下面面我我们们一一起起来来看看一一下下动动词词不不定定式式有有哪哪些些语语法法功功能能。2.动词不定式的语法功能：动词不定式的语法功能：(1)不定式作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语
2、的不作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。定式放在句子后部。eg.It is good to help others.帮助他人是好的。帮助他人是好的。It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是令人兴奋的。上网是令人兴奋的。(2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有动词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,help 等。等。Many people decide not to think
3、 about it.许多人决定不去考虑这件事。许多人决定不去考虑这件事。I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。我想去图书馆。(3)不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面。定语，放在被修饰对象的后面。请看下列句子：请看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。我有很多作业要做。Im hungry.Give me something to eat,please.我饿了。请给我点吃的吧。我饿了。请给我点吃的吧。(4)不
4、定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。主语保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.我来北京看望我的爷爷。我来北京看望我的爷爷。Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！很高兴见到你！Im too tired to walk.我太累了，走不动了。我太累了，走不动了。动词不定式的功能动词不定式的功能5.动词不定式做宾语补足语。动词不定式做宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾
5、语补足语，是对宾语的补充动词不定式作宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充说明。说明。常见的动词有常见的动词有：want,tell,would like,choose,allow,ask,invite,help等。等。注意：（注意：（1）以上动词后接不定式做宾语补足）以上动词后接不定式做宾语补足语时，若要表达否定意思，要在语时，若要表达否定意思，要在to do前面加前面加not，构成，构成not to do的形式。的形式。e.g.Mr.Han told us not to make too much noise.（2）有些动词后接不定式做宾语补足语时，）有些动词后接不定式做宾语补足语时，可以接不带可以接不
6、带to的不定式，常见的这类动词有：的不定式，常见的这类动词有：help,make,let,have,hear,feel,see等。等。e.g.His words made everyone laugh.一感一感:feel（感觉）（感觉）二听二听:listen to（听）、（听）、hear（听见）（听见）三让三让:let、make、have四看四看:watch、see、look、notice、observe半帮助半帮助:help.因为既可以说因为既可以说help sb do sth 亦可以说亦可以说help sb to do sthallow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事choose
7、 sb to do sth.选择某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事feel/listen to/hearsb.do sth.(6)不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语。例如：不定式还可以作表语。例如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我们的任务是打扫地板。今天我们的任务是打扫地板。1.Because it allows
8、 people _closer to them.2.Its sad _of the pandas and other animals in danger.3.We need _them better.4.Many wild animals dont have a safe place _.5.We want _animals in danger.6.That means we can give money _ protect the animals.7.Lets find out what else we can do _ as many as animals as possible.1.Sc
9、ientists do a lot of research _ _.2.The government is setting up nature parks _.3.The WWF chose the panda _.4.The WWF is working hard _.In order to protect pandas in the wild,the government is setting up nature parks and developing other plans.to“in order to do”/“to do”refers to the purpose(目的目的):为了
10、为了 The government is setting up nature parks and developing other plans protect pandas in the wild.in order to动词动词分为两类分为两类一：谓语动词一：谓语动词（一般跟在主语后作谓语）（一般跟在主语后作谓语）二：非谓语动词二：非谓语动词（一般跟在谓语动词后）（一般跟在谓语动词后）如果是谓语动词，要考虑时态和人称；如果是非谓语动词，要考虑用do/to do/doing.to do：want/hope/learn/try/decide/forget/remember/like/love/st
11、op/go/come/plan等等in order to do/to do 表目的表目的do：情态动词、：情态动词、makelethelphad better动词动词一般现在时一般现在时:结构、标志词、用法结构、标志词、用法一般过去时、过去进行时一般过去时、过去进行时现在进行时现在进行时谓语动词谓语动词（主语后）（主语后）非谓语动词非谓语动词doing：practise/enjoy/finish/suggest/keep/like/介词结尾的短语（介词结尾的短语（think of/be good at/do well inpay attention tolook forward to）have
12、 trouble doingspend(in)doing一般将来时一般将来时1.Would you please tell me next?A.how do B.what to doC.what do I do D.how I should do 2.The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A.too strong B.enough strongC.strong enough D.so strong 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。PracticePractice3.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new
13、 idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.hard to 4.As she has never been there before,Ill have someone _ her the way.A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed 5.You _ drive slowly.The roads are wet.A.had rather B.would ratherC.had better D.would better 7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.
14、A.find B.to find C.look D.to look for 8.When learning a foreign language,try your best _ the spirit of it.A.master B.hold C.take hold of D.to master 9.It was foolish _ his car unlocked.A.for him to leave B.of him to leaveC.for him leave D.him to leave 10.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finish
15、ed it.A.putting back B.put backC.to put back D.will put back 13.You were lost on your way to the lake,werent you?Yes,we were and had to stop _ the way.A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.to be asked 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Do you know when _(have)a picnic?2.She is very busy today.She has a lot of wo
16、rk _(do).3.Our teacher asked us _(be)careful when we crossed the road.4.Its easy for us _(answer)the question.to haveto doto beto answer三、汉译英。三、汉译英。1.我们需要更好地保护它们。我们需要更好地保护它们。We need to protect them better.2.许多动物没地方住。许多动物没地方住。Many animals have no place to live.3.我们究竟能做什么？我们究竟能做什么？What on earth can we do?4.现在有许多濒危动物。现在有许多濒危动物。Now therere many animals in danger.HomeworkPlease write a short passage about animals in danger.Happiness is a form of courage.幸福是勇气的一种形式。结束结束