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1、.常见材料学专业名词中英文对译 材料科学 Material Science 材料科学定义Material Science Definition 加工性能 Machinability 强度 Strength 抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion&resistance durability 金属特性 Special metallic features 抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic,re-cycling&environmental protection 化学元素 Chemical element 元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements 原子及固体物质 Atom and solid mat
2、erial 原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 The size,mass,charge of an atom,and is particles(Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes 周期表 Periodic Table 原子键结 Atom Bonding 金属与合金 Metal and Alloy 铁及非铁金属 Ferrous&Non Ferrous Metal 金属的特性 Features of Metal 晶体结构 Crystal Pattern 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 Crystal structure,Space
3、 lattice&Unit cell X 线结晶分析法 X ray crystal analyics method 金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice 格子常数 Lattice constant 米勒指数 Mills Index 金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule 固熔体 Solid solution 置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution 插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution 金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 金属变态 Transformation
4、 变态点 Transformation Point 磁性变态 Magnetic Transformation 同素变态 Allotropic Transformation 合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium .相律 Phase Rule 自由度 Degree of freedom 临界温度 Critical temperture 共晶 Eutectic 包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature 包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction 包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy 亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy 过共晶体 Hyper-ecte
5、ctic Alloy 金属塑性 Plastic Deformation 滑动面 Slip Plan 畸变 Distortion 硬化 Work Hardening 退火 Annealing 回复柔软 Crystal Recovery 再结晶 Recrystallization 金属材料的性能及试验 Properties&testing of metal 化学性能 Chemical Properties 物理性能 Physical Properties 颜色 Colour 磁性 Magnetisum 比电阻 Specific resistivity&specific resistance 比重
6、Specific gravity&specific density 比热 Specific Heat 热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion 导热度 Heat conductivity 机械性能 Mechanical properties 屈服强度 Yield strength 伸长度 Elongation 断面缩率 Reduction of area 金属材料的试验方法 The Method of Metal inspection 不破坏检验 Non destructive inspections 渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection 磁
7、粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspection 放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection 超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法 Microscopic inspection 破坏的检验 Destructive Inspection.冲击测试 Impact Test 疲劳测试 Fatigue Test 潜变测试 Creep Test 潜变强度 Creeps Strength 第壹潜变期 Primary Creep 主要金属元素之物理性质 Physical properties of major Metal Elements
8、转变元素 Transition element 交换能量 Positive energy exchange 外价电子 Outer valence electrons 化学结合 Chemical bond 钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel 钢铁用碳之含量来分类 Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相 Steel Phases 钢铁的名称 Name of steel 纯铁体 Ferrite 渗碳体 Cementitle 奥氏体 Austenite 珠光体及共释钢 Pearlite&Eutec
9、toid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Phase Metal 共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation 珠光体 Pearlite 过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid 珠光体 Pearlite 粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite 中珠光体 Medium pearlite 幼珠光体 Fine pearlite 磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel 连续铸造法 Continuous casting process 电炉 Electric f
10、urnace 钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting,Fogging,Extrusion,Rolling&Steel 熔铸 Casting 锻造 Fogging 挤压 Extrusion 延轧 Rolling 冲剪 Drawing&stamping.特殊钢 Special Steel 简介 General 特殊钢以原素分类 Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel
11、according to End Usage Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 硬化性能 Hardenability 钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel 低温脆性 Cold brittleness 回火脆性 Temper brittleness 材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity 硬度 Hardness 表面处理 Surface finish End usages,industrial standard,quality,condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardn
12、ess&Tensile strength test 拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test 曲面(假曲率)Camber 防止生锈 Rust Protection 生锈速度表 Speed of rusting 焊接 Welding 气焊 Gas Welding 埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding 电阻焊 Resistance Welding 电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力 Galvanic Action improving Weather&Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet 上漆能力 Paint Adhesio
13、n 电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet 点焊 Spot welding 滚焊 Seam welding 电镀锌(电解)钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet 生产流程 Production Flow Chart 锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass 表面处理 Surface Treatment 冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip 热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip .电解冷轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of El
14、ectrolytic Cold-rolled sheet 热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet 冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差 Length Tolerance 理论质量 Theoretical Mass 简介 General 硬度 Hardness 钢的种类 Type of Steel 表面处理 Surface Finish 常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size 电器用硅 硅 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet 软磁材
15、料 Soft Magnetic Material 硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material 最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented&Non-Oriented 电器用硅 硅 钢片的最终用途及规格 End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip 电器用的硅 硅 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use 电器用钢片的绝缘
16、涂层 Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets 退火 Annealing 电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet 退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary 提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation 应力退火温度 Stress relieving Annealing Temperature 绝缘表面 Surface Insulation 镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized S
17、ilicon Alloy Steel Sheet 用途 End Usages 抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance .公差 Size Tolerance 焊接能力 Weldability 钢板 Steel Plate 钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate&Related JIS,ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards 钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart 钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate 不锈钢 Stainless Steel
18、不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel 不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性 Classification,Corrosion Resistant&Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片 Chrome Stainless Steel 表面处理 Surface finish 不锈钢片机械性能(301,304,631,CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel 不锈钢 种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及 主要用途 Stainless Steel Type,In
19、dustrial Standard,Chemical Composition,Characteristic&end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel 不锈钢薄片用途例 End Usage of Thinner Gauge 不锈钢片、板用途例 Examples of End Usages of Strip,Sheet&Plate 不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解 General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips 耐热不锈钢 Heat-Resistance
20、 Stainless Steel 镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度 Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热钢 Chrome Heat Resistance Steel 镍铬耐热钢 Ni-Cr Heat Resistance Steel 超耐热钢 Special Heat Resistance Steel .抗热超级合金 Heat Resistance Super Alloy 边缘处理 Edge Finish 硬度 Hardness 高碳钢化学成份及用途 高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip 分类 Classification 用组
21、织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure 用含碳量分类 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classification According to Carbon Contains 弹簧用碳钢片 CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use 冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip 回火状态 Annealed Strip 淬火及回火状态 Hardened&Tempered Strip/Precision Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip 弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 E
22、dge Finished 淬火剂 Quenching Media 碳钢回火 Tempering 回火有低温回火及高温回火 Low&High Temperature Tempering 高温回火 High Temperature Tempering 退火 Annealing 完全退火 Full Annealing 扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing 低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing 中途退火 Process Annealing 球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing 光辉退火 Bright Annealing 淬火 Quenching
23、时间淬火 Time Quenching 奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering 马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching 高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip 冷轧高碳钢 日本工业标准 Cold-Rolled(Special Steel)Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip .电镀金属捆片的优点 Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层 Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip 镀镍 Nickel
24、 Plated 镀铬 Chrome Plated 镀黄铜 Brass Plated 基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip 低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron&Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal 铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal 黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal 轴承合金 Bearing Alloy 易溶合金 Fusible Alloy 化学成份 Chemical Composition 机械性能 Mechanical Properti
25、es 化学成份 Chemical composition Manufacturing Method 应用材料 Material Used 特点 Characteristic 用途 End Usages 材料的类型 Types of materials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer 部分材料性质复习 Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率 conductivity and resistivity,热导率 thermal conductivity,应力和应变 stress a
26、nd strain,弹性应变 elastic strain,塑性应变 plastic strain,屈服强度 yield strength,最大抗拉强度 ultimate tensile strength,最大强度 ultimate strength,延展性 ductility,伸长率 elongation,断面收缩率 reduction of area,颈缩 necking,断裂强度 breaking strength,韧性 toughness,硬度 hardness,疲劳强度 fatigue strength,.蜂窝 honeycomb,热脆性 heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数
27、 atoms per cell,点阵 lattice,阵点 lattice point,点阵参数 lattice parameter,密排六方 hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞 hexagonal unit cell,体心立方 body-centered cubic,面心立方 face-centered cubic,弥勒指数 Miller indices,晶面 crystal plane,晶系 crystal system,晶向 crystal direction,相变机理 Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变 nucleationg
28、rowth transition,斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变 disordered-order transition,马氏体相变 martensite phase transformation，成核 nucleation,成核机理 nucleation mechanism,成核势垒 nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心 nucleus of crystal,金属组织的）基体 quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix,子晶，雏晶 matted crystal,耔晶，晶种 seed crystal,耔晶取向 seed orien
29、tation,籽晶生长 seeded growth,均质核化 homogeneous nucleation,异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理 homogenization heat treatment,熟料 grog,自恰场 self-consistent field 固溶体 Solid solution:有序固溶体 ordered solid solution,无序固溶体 disordered solid solution,有序合金 ordered alloy,无序合金 disordered alloy.无序点阵 disordered lattice,
30、分散，扩散，弥散 dispersal,分散剂 dispersant,分散剂，添加剂 dispersant additive,.分散剂，弥散剂 dispersant agent 缺陷 defect,imperfection,点缺陷 point defect,线缺陷 line defect,dislocation,面缺陷 interface defect,surface defect,体缺陷 volume defect,位错排列 dislocation arrangement,位错阵列 dislocation array,位错气团 dislocation atmosphere,位错轴 disloc
31、ation axis,位错胞 dislocation cell,位错爬移 dislocation climb,位错滑移 dislocation slip,dislocation movement by slip,位错聚结 dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量 dislocation core energy,位错裂纹 dislocation crack,位错阻尼 dislocation damping,位错密度 dislocation density,体积膨胀 volume dilation,体积收缩 volume shrinkage,回火 tempering,退火 an
32、nealing,退火的，软化的 softened,软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火 quenching,淬火硬化 quenching hardening,正火 normalizing,normalization,退火织构 annealing texture,人工时效 artificial aging,细长比 aspect ratio,形变热处理 ausforming,等温退火 austempering,奥氏体 austenite,奥氏体化 austenitizing,贝氏体 bainite,马氏体 martensite,马氏体淬火 marquench,马氏体退火 martempe
33、r,马氏体时效钢 maraging steel,渗碳体 cementite,固溶强化 solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土 steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠 sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂 sodium silicate binder,.硅酸钠类防水剂 sodium silicate waterproofing agent,扩散 diffusion,扩散系数 diffusivity,相变 phase transition,烧结 sintering,固相反应 solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构 phase
34、diagrams and phase structures,相 phase,组分 component,自由度 freedom,相平衡 phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能 Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数 Gibbs function,相平衡 phase balance,相界 phase boundary,相界线 phase boundary line,相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限
35、交联 phase boundary crosslinking,相界反应 phase boundary reaction,相变 phase change,相组成 phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相组织 phase constentuent,相分布 phase distribution,相平衡常数 phase equilibrium constant,相平衡图 phase equilibrium diagram,相分离 phase segregation,phase separation,玻璃分相 phase separation in glasses
36、,相序 phase order,phase sequence,相稳定性 phase stability,相态 phase state,相稳定区 phase stabile range,相变温度 phase transition temperature,相变压力 phase transition pressure,同质多晶转变 polymorphic transformation,相平衡条件 phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构 microstructures,.不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution,转熔型固溶体 peritectic s
37、olid solution,低共熔体 eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性 immiscibility,固态反应 solid state reaction,烧结 sintering,相变机理 Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变 nucleationgrowth transition,斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变 disordered-order transition,马氏体相变 martensite phase transformation，成核 nucleation,成核机理 nucleation mechanism,成核势垒 nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心 nucleus of crystal,（金属组织的）基体 quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix,子晶，雏晶 matted crystal,耔晶，晶种 seed crystal,耔晶取向 seed orientation,籽晶生长 seeded growth,均质核化 homogeneous nucleation,异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理 homogenization heat treatment