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1、常见材料学专业名词中英文对译常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学Material Science材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion&resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic,re-cycling&environmentalprotection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子
2、的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size,mass,charge of an atom,and isparticles(Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding.金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous&Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure,Space lattice&Unit cellX 线结晶
3、分析法X ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mills Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solidsolution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Tran
4、sformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Wo
5、rk Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties&testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum.比电阻Specific resistivity&specific resistance比重Specific gravity&specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热
6、度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度 Yield strength伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic i
7、nspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major MetalElements转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond钢铁的主要成份The major element of ste
8、el钢铁用碳之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carboncontents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite&Eutectoid.奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medi
9、um pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace钢铁生产流程 Steel Production FlowChart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting,Fogging,Extrusion,Rolling&Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing&stamping特殊钢 Special Stee
10、l简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according toElement特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according toEnd UsageSulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finishEnd
11、usages,industrial standard,quality,condition and hardness of cold rolled steelstrip硬度及拉力 Hardness&Tensile strengthtest拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test曲面(假曲率)Camber.防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action i
12、mproving Weather&Corrosion Resistance of the Base SteelSheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片
13、 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of ElectrolyticCold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差WidthTolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass简介 General硬度 Hardness钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish常用尺寸 Commonly U
14、sed Size电器用硅 硅 钢片 Electrical SteelSheet软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented&Non-Oriented.电器用硅 硅 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of ElectricalSteel Strip电器用的硅 硅 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Stee
15、l Sheet forElectrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation ofElectrical Steel Sheets退火 Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 AnnealingPrecautionary提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feat
16、ure of Aluminized Silicon Alloy SteelSheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance公差Size Tolerance焊接能力 Weldability钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate&Related JIS,ASTMand Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈
17、钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification,Corrosion Resistant&HeatResistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel表面处理 Surface finish不锈钢片机械性能(301,304,631,CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring useStainless Steel不锈钢 种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及 主要用途.Stainless Steel Type,Industrial Sta
18、ndard,Chemical Composition,Characteristic&end usage of the most commonly usedStainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip,Sheet&Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of TensionAnnealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不
19、锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni-Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类ClassificationAccording to Grain St
20、ructure用含碳量分类 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According toCarbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened&Tempered Strip/Precision Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 EdgeFinished淬火剂Quenching Media.碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高
21、温回火Low&High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End U
22、sage of HighCarbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢 日本工业标准Cold-Rolled(Special Steel)Carbon SteelStrip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated MetalStrip低碳钢或铁基层金
23、属Iron&Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as BaseMetal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy易溶合金 Fusible Alloy化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties化学成份 Chemical compositionManufacturing Method应用材料Material Used.特点 Characteristic用途 End Usages材料的类
24、型 Types of materials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性质复习 Review of selectedproperties of materials,电导率和电阻率 conductivity andresistivity,热导率 thermal conductivity,应力和应变 stress and strain,弹性应变 elastic strain,塑性应变 plastic strain,屈服强度 yield strength,最大抗拉强度 ultimate tensile strength,最大强度
25、ultimate strength,延展性 ductility,伸长率 elongation,断面收缩率 reduction of area,颈缩 necking,断裂强度 breaking strength,韧性 toughness,硬度 hardness,疲劳强度 fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数 atoms per cell,点阵 lattice,阵点 lattice point,点阵参数 lattice parameter,密排六方 hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞 hexagonal u
26、nit cell,体心立方 body-centered cubic,面心立方 face-centered cubic,弥勒指数 Miller indices,晶面 crystal plane,晶系 crystal system,晶向 crystal direction,相变机理 Phase transformationmechanism:成核生长相变 nucleation growthtransition,斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变 disordered-order transition,马氏体相变 martensite phasetransfor
27、mation，成核 nucleation,成核机理 nucleation mechanism,.成核势垒 nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心 nucleus of crystal,金属组织的）基体 quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix,子晶，雏晶 matted crystal,耔晶，晶种 seed crystal,耔晶取向 seed orientation,籽晶生长 seeded growth,均质核化 homogeneous nucleation,异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理 homogenization heattr
28、eatment,熟料grog,自恰场 self-consistent field固溶体 Solid solution:有序固溶体 ordered solid solution,无序固溶体 disordered solid solution,有序合金 ordered alloy,无序合金 disordered alloy.无序点阵 disordered lattice,分散，扩散，弥散 dispersal,分散剂 dispersant,分散剂，添加剂 dispersant additive,分散剂，弥散剂 dispersant agent缺陷 defect,imperfection,点缺陷 po
29、int defect,线缺陷 line defect,dislocation,面缺陷 interface defect,surface defect,体缺陷 volume defect,位错排列 dislocation arrangement,位错阵列 dislocation array,位错气团 dislocation atmosphere,位错轴 dislocation axis,位错胞 dislocation cell,位错爬移 dislocation climb,位错滑移 dislocation slip,dislocationmovement by slip,位错聚结 disloca
30、tion coalescence,位错核心能量 dislocation core energy,位错裂纹 dislocation crack,位错阻尼 dislocation damping,位错密度 dislocation density,体积膨胀 volume dilation,体积收缩 volume shrinkage,回火 tempering,退火 annealing,.退火的，软化的 softened,软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火 quenching,淬火硬化 quenching hardening,正火 normalizing,normalization,退火织构
31、 annealing texture,人工时效 artificial aging,细长比 aspect ratio,形变热处理 ausforming,等温退火 austempering,奥氏体 austenite,奥氏体化 austenitizing,贝氏体 bainite,马氏体 martensite,马氏体淬火 marquench,马氏体退火 martemper,马氏体时效钢 maraging steel,渗碳体 cementite,固溶强化 solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土 steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠 sodium sil
32、icate,水玻璃粘结剂 sodium silicate binder,硅酸钠类防水剂 sodium silicatewaterproofing agent,扩散 diffusion,扩散系数 diffusivity,相变 phase transition,烧结 sintering,固相反应 solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构 phase diagrams and phasestructures,相 phase,组分 component,自由度 freedom,相平衡 phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能 Gibbs
33、 free energy,吉布斯混合能 Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数 Gibbs function,相平衡 phase balance,相界 phase boundary,相界线 phase boundary line,相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,.相界有限交联 phase boundarycrosslinking,相界反应 phase boundary reaction,相变 phase change,相组成 phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相
34、组织 phase constentuent,相分布 phase distribution,相平衡常数 phase equilibrium constant,相平衡图 phase equilibrium diagram,相分离 phase segregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相 phase separation in glasses,相序 phase order,phase sequence,相稳定性 phase stability,相态 phase state,相稳定区 phase stabile range,相变温度 phase transition tempera
35、ture,相变压力 phase transition pressure,同质多晶转变 polymorphictransformation,相平衡条件 phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构 microstructures,.不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution,转熔型固溶体 peritectic solid solution,低共熔体 eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性 immiscibility,固态反应 solid state reaction,烧结 sintering,相变机理 Phase transfor
36、mationmechanism:成核生长相变 nucleation growthtransition,斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变 disordered-order transition,马氏体相变 martensite phasetransformation，成核 nucleation,成核机理 nucleation mechanism,成核势垒 nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心 nucleus of crystal,（金属组织的）基体 quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix,子晶，雏晶 matted crystal,耔晶，晶种 seed crystal,耔晶取向 seed orientation,.籽晶生长 seeded growth,均质核化 homogeneous nucleation,异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理 homogenization heattreatment