《(3.4.1)--2.4Extra-MediaForcesandIdeology.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(3.4.1)--2.4Extra-MediaForcesandIdeology.ppt（19页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、International NewsComparison and Analysis国 际 新 闻 比 较 与 分 析2.1HierarchyofInfluenceonNewsPart II:Deciding Whats News2.2GatekeepingandPersonalinfluence2.3Mediaroutinesandorganizationalinfluences2.4Extra-media forces and ideologyExtra-media forces and ideology2.4Hierarchy of influence on newsJournalists
2、MediaroutinesOrganizationExtramediaforcesIdeologyTwoGroupsInternal factors&External factorsJournalistsMediaroutinesOrganizationExtramediaforcesIdeologyExtra-media ForcesNews is influenced and constrained by organizational goals and policies.Extra-media Forces1.Economic environmenti.e.2008financialcr
3、isisloveralleconomicsituationleconomicliabilityofmedialBudget-savingmeasures:cuttingeditorialexpenseslayingoffjournalistsreducingofficespacewithdrawingforeigncorrespondslInevitablyinfluencetheproductionofnewslInternationalnews(expensive)sufferedmoreseverelySource:https:/ Forces2.Market structureThe
4、degree of competition(i.e.monopolyordiversifiedmarket)The source of revenue,diversity of advertisement market(i.e.generalmarketornichemarket)The scope of the market(i.e.regional,nationalorinternational)Extra-media Forces3.Government control Laws,regulations,policiesi.e.nationalsecuritylawsi.e.broadc
5、astingregulationsi.e.copyrightpoliciesPolitical interventionGAPPSAPPRFTTheOffice of Communications,commonly known asOfcom,isthe UK government-approvedregulatoryauthorityforthebroadcasting,telecommunicationsandpostalindustriesoftheUK.Extra-media Forces4.Media-community/society relationshipsi.e.Media
6、monitoring organizationsi.e.Interest groups lobbyingi.e.Media activismhttps:/ Forces5.Source tacticslJournalistsconstantlyfacesourcepressureandsourcemanipulationli.e.PR,Spokesperson,“Spin”i.e.“Spindoctor”AlastairCampbellnFormerjournalistinDailyMirrornBlairsspokesman(1994-1997)nDirectorofDept.ofCommu
7、nicationandStrategy(1997-2003)nPressmanipulationinIraqWarExtra-media Forces1.Economic environment3.Government control li.e.Laws,regulations,policiesli.e.Politicalintervention4.Media-community/society relationships5.Source tacticsli.e.PR,Spokesperson,“Spin”2.Market structureJournalistsMediaroutinesOr
8、ganizationExtramediaforcesIdeologyIdeological ConstraintsNews is influenced by ideological Constraints.“Anideologyisanintegratedsetofframesofreferencethroughwhicheachofusseestheworldandtowhichallofusadjustouractions”(Becker,1984,p.69)Ideologyrefersnotonlytoindividualbeliefsystembutalsotothesocietalphenomenon/theculturalvaluesystemsofagivensociety.Ideologydetermineswhatnewscanbecovered,howtheyshouldbecovered,howtheyarereceivedbythepublic,whatis“suitable”whatisnot.i.e.“political correctness”https:/