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1、上篇上篇 经络腧穴经络腧穴Part1.MeridianandAcupoints第一章第一章 经络总论经络总论Chapter 1.General Introduction to Meridians and Chapter 1.General Introduction to Meridians and CollateralsCollaterals一、经络的概念 Overview of Meridians and Collateralsl 经络是人体运行气血的通道，包括是人体运行气血的通道，包括经脉和脉和络 脉。脉。经络是是“经”和和“络”的的统称。称。The meridian system is
2、the pathway for an organic whole to run qi and blood,which is a general term for the meridians（Jing Mai）and the collaterals（Luo Mai）.l “经”，即路径、主干，即路径、主干，经脉是脉是经络系系统的主干，的主干，贯通上下，沟通内外通上下，沟通内外；Jing means“go through”or“a path”.They are the main trunks of the system,and run longitudinally and deep-level d
3、istributed within the body.l “络”，即网，即网络、分支，、分支，络脉是脉是经脉脉别出的分出的分 支，支，纵横交横交错，遍布全身，遍布全身。Luo means“something that connects”or“a net”.They are branches of the meridians,and run transversely and are distributed superficially,and crisscross and net the whole body.l 灵枢灵枢脉度脉度：“经脉为里，支而横者为络，经脉为里，支而横者为络，络这别者为孙。络
4、这别者为孙。”Miraculous Pivot:Meridians are deep and the lateral branches are collaterals,and the embranchments of the collaterals are the floating collaterals.l 灵枢灵枢经脉经脉：“诸脉之浮而常见者，皆络脉诸脉之浮而常见者，皆络脉 也也经脉者，常不可见也。经脉者，常不可见也。”Miraculous Pivot:The visible meridians which distributed in shallow areas are collater
5、als,the are collaterals,the meridians are too deep to see.meridians are too deep to see.l 医学入门医学入门：“经，径也，径直者为经，径经，径也，径直者为经，径 之旁出者为络之旁出者为络”The Guide:Meridian means“a path”.They run longitudinally and deep-level distributed within the body.Collaterals are branches of the meridians.二、经络学说与经络系统的概念二、经络学说
6、与经络系统的概念The theory of meridians-collaterals and the concept of meridian system l 经络学学说是研究人体是研究人体经络系系统的循行分布、的循行分布、生理功能、病理生理功能、病理变化及其与化及其与脏腑相互关系的腑相互关系的 一种理一种理论学学说。The theory of meridian is to study the circular distribution of human meridian system,of physiological function,pathological changes and th
7、eir relationship with organs.l 经络系系统是由是由经脉脉络脉相互脉相互联系、彼此系、彼此衔接接 而构成的体系。而构成的体系。The meridian system is connected and composed by meridians and collaterals.经经脉脉Meridians络络脉脉Collaterals意义意义Meaning路径路径pathwayspathways网络网络networksnetworks地位地位Status主干主干ThunksThunks分支分支branchesbranches分布分布Distribution纵行的（直大深
8、长纵行的（直大深长）Longitudinal(thick,Longitudinal(thick,deep and large)deep and large)主要是横行（横小浅短主要是横行（横小浅短）Mostly lateral(thin,small Mostly lateral(thin,small and short)and short)深度深度Depth深深(deep)(deep)浅浅(shallow)(shallow)数量数量Quantity少，有一定少，有一定数目数目(A few,with a(A few,with a certain number)certain number)多多,
9、除十五络脉外无具体除十五络脉外无具体数目数目(A lot,with no specific(A lot,with no specific number except for the fifteen number except for the fifteen collaterals)collaterals)功能功能Function贯通上下、沟通内贯通上下、沟通内外，外，主导作用主导作用、是是气血运行的气血运行的通道通道The meridians are the The meridians are the dominant pathways for dominant pathways for Qi
10、 and blood to flow Qi and blood to flow and circulate,they run and circulate,they run longitudinally and deep-longitudinally and deep-level distributed within level distributed within the bodythe body纵横交错、遍布全身，纵横交错、遍布全身，补充补充作用、纽带作用、渗灌气血作用、纽带作用、渗灌气血的的作用作用The collaterals run transversely and The colla
11、terals run transversely and are distributed superficially,and are distributed superficially,and crisscross and net the whole body,crisscross and net the whole body,they supply the function of the system,they supply the function of the system,and serve as the bond and irrigation to and serve as the b
12、ond and irrigation to the circulation of Qi and blood.the circulation of Qi and blood.三、经络的特点三、经络的特点Characteristics of meridians and collaterals 第二节第二节经络系统的组成经络系统的组成section 2.The composition of the meridian systeml经络系系统主要由主要由经脉、脉、络脉两大部分脉两大部分组成成;The main part of the meridian system is the meridians a
13、nd collateralsl经脉包括十二脉包括十二经脉、奇脉、奇经八脉、十二八脉、十二经别、十二十二经筋、十二皮部。筋、十二皮部。The meridians include the twelve regular meridians,the eight extra meridians,the twelve muscles regions and the twelve cutaneous regionsl络脉包括十五脉包括十五络脉、脉、孙络和浮和浮络。The collaterals include the fifteen collaterals,the minute collaterals,an
14、d the superficial collateralsl概括概括为“四十二四十二五十六五十六，一十五，奇，一十五，奇经八脉八脉浮浮孙数数”。MeridianSystemmeridianscollateralsTwelveregularmeridiansEightextrameridiansThreeyinofhandThreeyangofhandThreeyangoffootThreeyinoffootLungMeridianofHand-TaiyinPericardiumMeridianofHand-JueyinHeartMeridianofHand-ShaoyinLargeIntedi
15、tineMeridianofHand-YangmingSanjiaoMeridianofHand-ShaoyangSmallIntestineMeridianofHand-TaiyangStomachMeridianofFoot-YangmingGallbladderMeridianofFoot-ShaoyangBladderMeridianofFoot-TaiyangSpleenMeridianofFoot-TaiyinLiverMeridianofFoot-JueyinKidneyMeridianofFoot-ShaoyinDumeridian(thegovernorvessel)Renm
16、eridian(theconceptionvessel)Chongmeridian(thethoroughfarevessel)Daimeridian(theBelt Vessel)Yinweimeridian(theYin-heel vessel）Yangweimeridian(theYang-heel vessel)Yinqiaomeridian(theYin-link vesselYangqiaomeridian(theYang-link vessel）ThetwelvedivergentmeridiansThetwelvemuscleregionsThetwelvecutaneousr
17、egionsThefifteenthcollateralsThefloatingcollateralsThemini-collaterals一、十二经脉一、十二经脉（一）十二经脉的概念（一）十二经脉的概念（二）十二经脉的命名（二）十二经脉的命名（三）十二经脉的分布规律（三）十二经脉的分布规律（四）十二经脉的主要特点（四）十二经脉的主要特点Twelveregularmeridians1.Theconceptofthetwelveregularmeridians2.TheNomenclatureofthetwelveregularmeridians3.Therulesofdistributiono
18、fthetwelveregularmeridians4.Maincharacteristicsofthetwelveregularmeridians（一）十二经脉的概念（一）十二经脉的概念 The concept of the twelve regular meridiansl十二十二经脉是脉是经络系系统的主体，的主体，为手三阴手三阴经、手三阳手三阳经、足三阴、足三阴经、足三阳、足三阳经的的总称，又称，又称称为“正正经”;The twelve regular meridians are the significant part of the meridian system,including:
19、Three Yin Meridians of Hand,Three Yang Meridians of Hand,Three Yang Meridians of Foot,Three Yin Meridians of FootThey are the major trunks of the system of the meridians，so they are called the Twelve Regular Meridians.l十二十二经脉的脉的作用是作用是联络脏腑，运行气血，濡腑，运行气血，濡养全身养全身。The role of the twelve regular meridians
20、 is to connect the zang-fu organs,run qi and blood,soak and nourish the whole body.十二十二经脉的名称是由手足、阴阳、脉的名称是由手足、阴阳、脏腑三部腑三部分分组成。成。The nomenclature of the Twelve Regular Meridians is based on the three factors:hand or foot,Yin or Yang,and,Zang or Fu organ.l手足：根据十二手足：根据十二经脉循行主要脉循行主要经过上肢或下上肢或下肢，分肢，分别命名命名为“
21、手手经”“足足经”。Hand or foot:In consideration of the factors,such as hand or foot,interior or exterior,anterior,middle or posterior aspect of the meridian travels through,they were named“.Meridian of Hand“.Meridian of Foot l阴阳：阴阳：脏为阴，腑阴，腑为阳；内阳；内为阴，外阴，外为阳。阳。属属脏并循行于内并循行于内侧的的经脉脉为阴阴经。With the rules that the Z
22、ang belongs to Yin,the Fu belongs to Yang,the inner areas belong to Yin,and the outer areas belong to Yang,the meridians that pertain to the Fu-organs are Yang meridians which mainly travel along the lateral aspect of the limbs.The meridians that pertain to the Zang-organs are called Yin meridians w
23、hich are mainly distributed on the medial aspect of the four limbs.l脏腑：十二腑：十二经脉与内部脉与内部脏腑均有特定的腑均有特定的联系，系，用用“属属”、“络”来概括。来概括。The Twelve Regular Meridians pertain to the twelve Zang and Fu organs correspondingly,each regular meridian is named after the organ according to the interior-exterior relationsh
24、ips.（二）十二经脉的命名（二）十二经脉的命名TheNomenclatureofthetwelveregularmeridians（三）十二经脉的分布规律（三）十二经脉的分布规律The rules of distribution of the twelve regular meridians 1 1、体表分布有规律、体表分布有规律The distribution pattern on the body surfacel阴阴经分布在四肢内分布在四肢内侧和胸腹和胸腹The Yin meridians are distributed on the medial aspect of the four
25、 limbs,the thorax and abdomen.l阳阳经分布在四肢外分布在四肢外侧和和头面躯干面躯干The Yang meridians travel along the lateral aspect of the limbs,the head and trunks.l其中太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后；阳明其中太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后；阳明在前，少阳在中，太阳在后。在前，少阳在中，太阳在后。Taiyin Meridians travel through the anterior aspect,Jueyin Meridians travel through the middle
26、aspect,Shaoyin Meridians travel through the posterior aspect;Yangming Meridians travel through the anterior aspect,Shaoyang Meridians travel through the middle aspect,Taiyang Meridians travel through the posterior aspect.太阴太阴厥阴厥阴少阴少阴阳明阳明少阳少阳太阳太阳三阴三阴三阳三阳阴阳阴阳TreeYinmeridiansTreeYangmeridiansYin and Ya
27、ng theoryYangmingTaiyangShaoyangTaiyinJueyinShaoyinl 阳阳经的分布的分布规律律手足三阳手足三阳经四肢外四肢外侧When the Yang meridians travel along the lateral aspect of the limbs.手足三阳手足三阳经头面躯干面躯干When the Yang meridians travel along the head and face and trunk.阳明经在前阳明经在前少阳经在中少阳经在中太阳经在后太阳经在后阳明经在前阳明经在前少阳经在中少阳经在中太阳经在后太阳经在后Theruleso
28、fdistributionofYangMeridiansYangmingMeridianstravelthroughtheanterioraspect,ShaoyangMeridianstravelthroughthemiddleaspect,TaiyangMeridianstravelthroughtheposterioraspect.YangmingMeridianstravelthroughtheanterioraspect,ShaoyangMeridianstravelthroughthemiddleaspect,TaiyangMeridianstravelthroughthepost
29、erioraspect.anterior ones Stomach Meridiansmedium ones Gallbladder Meridians posterior onesBladder Meridians 手足三阴手足三阴经四肢内四肢内侧足三阴内踝尖上足三阴内踝尖上8寸以下寸以下When Yin meridians travel downwards from the 8 inches above the prominence of the lateral malleolus.太阴经在前太阴经在前厥阴经在中厥阴经在中少阴经在后少阴经在后厥阴经在前厥阴经在前太阴经在中太阴经在中少阴经在
30、后少阴经在后l 手足三阴经的分布规律手足三阴经的分布规律When Yin meridians are distributed on the medial aspect of the four limbs.TherulesofdistributionofYinMeridiansTaiyinMeridianstravelthroughtheanterioraspect,JueyinMeridianstravelthroughthemiddleaspect,ShaoyinMeridianstravelthroughtheposterioraspect;JueyinMeridianstravelthr
31、oughtheanterioraspect,TaiyinMeridianstravelthroughthemiddleaspect,ShaoyinMeridianstravelthroughtheposterioraspect;Liver SpleenkidneyLungPericardiumHeartSpleenLiverKidneyLargeintestineSanjiaoSmallintestineStomachGallbladderUrinarybladder2 2、十二经脉脏腑属络有规律、十二经脉脏腑属络有规律 The rules of the Pertaining&Communic
32、atingRelationsbetween Zang and Fu organs oftheTwelveRegularMeridians十二经脉与脏腑器官的联络关系十二经脉与脏腑器官的联络关系 Name of MeridiansPertain to Zang-fu organsOrgans of connectionThe Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyinpertain to the lung,and communicate with the large Intestine,traveling through the cardia of stomach.throatTh
33、e Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangmingpertain to the large Intestine,and communicate with the lung.Descend to the lower teeth,parallel to the mouth and nose.The Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangmingpertain to lung,and communicate with the spleen.Originate from nose,traverse the upper teeth,then aro
34、und the mouth and go along the throat.The Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyinpertain to the spleen,and communicate with the stomach,traveling to the heart.Parallel to the throat until the body of tongue,then spread under the tongue.The Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyinpertain to the heart,and communicate wi
35、th the small intestine,traveling upwards to the lung.Parallel to the throat,and connect the eyes.The Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyangpertain to the small Intestine,and communicate with the heart,traveling to the stomach.Go along the throat ascend to the inner and outer canthus,then entre to
36、the ears and arrive at the nose.The Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyangpertain to the urinary blabber,and communicate with the kidney.Originate from the inner canthus,traveling through the tip of ear and communicate with the brain.The Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyinpertain to the kidney,and com
37、municate with the urinary blabber,traveling through the liver to the lung,then and communicate with the heart.Go along the throat and the body of tongue.The Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyinpertain to pericardium,and communicate with the tri-energizer.-The Tri-energizer Meridian of Hand-Shaoyangpe
38、rtain to tri-energizer,and communicate with the pericardium.Connected with the after ear area and drill out from the tip of ear,entering the ear and then travel to the outercanthus.The Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyangpertain to gallbladder,and communicate with the liver.Originate from the outer
39、canthus,descend to the after ear area into the ear,then drill out to preauricular area.The Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyinpertain to liver,and communicate with the gallbladder,traveling through the stomach to the lung.Traverse the genital and connect the eyes,then go around the medial aspect of lipsTh
40、e Pertaining&Communicating relations between Zang and Fu organs and the Twelve Regular Meridiansl联系脏腑最多的经脉是肾经（肾、膀胱、肝、联系脏腑最多的经脉是肾经（肾、膀胱、肝、肺，心）。肺，心）。The meridians that connect the zang-fu The meridians that connect the zang-fu organs most is the kedney meridian(kidney,organs most is the kedney meridia
41、n(kidney,bladder,liver,lung,heart).bladder,liver,lung,heart).l与胃有关的经脉有胃经、脾经、肺经、小肠经、与胃有关的经脉有胃经、脾经、肺经、小肠经、肝经共肝经共5 5条。条。The meridians related to the stomach The meridians related to the stomach are the stomach meridian,the spleen meridian,the are the stomach meridian,the spleen meridian,the lung meridi
42、an,the small intestine meridian and lung meridian,the small intestine meridian and the liver meridian.the liver meridian.l与肺有关的经脉有肺经、大肠经、心经、肾经、与肺有关的经脉有肺经、大肠经、心经、肾经、肝经共肝经共5 5条。条。The five meridians related to lung The five meridians related to lung include the lung meridian,the large intestine include
43、 the lung meridian,the large intestine meridian,the heart meridian,the kidney meridian meridian,the heart meridian,the kidney meridian and the liver meridian.and the liver meridian.l与心有关的经脉有心经、小肠经、脾经、肾经与心有关的经脉有心经、小肠经、脾经、肾经共共4 4条。条。The four meridians related to the The four meridians related to the h
44、eart include the heart meridian,the heart include the heart meridian,the small intestine meridian,the spleen small intestine meridian,the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian.meridian and the kidney meridian.l到达眼部的经脉有到达眼部的经脉有6 6条：心经、小肠经、膀条：心经、小肠经、膀胱经、三焦经、胆经、肝经。胱经、三焦经、胆经、肝经。The six The six meridia
45、ns reaching the eyes:the heart meridian,meridians reaching the eyes:the heart meridian,the small intestine meridian,the urinary the small intestine meridian,the urinary bladder meridian,the tbladder meridian,the tri-energizer ri-energizer m meridian eridian,the gallbladder mthe gallbladder meridian
46、eridian and the liver mand the liver meridianeridian.l到达舌部的经脉有到达舌部的经脉有2 2条：脾经、肾经。条：脾经、肾经。The The two meridians reaching the tongue:the spleen two meridians reaching the tongue:the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian.meridian and the kidney meridian.l到达耳部的经脉有到达耳部的经脉有5 5条：膀胱经、小肠经、条：膀胱经、小肠经、三焦经、胆经、
47、胃经。三焦经、胆经、胃经。The five meridians The five meridians reaching the ear:the bladder meridian,the reaching the ear:the bladder meridian,the small intestine meridian,the tsmall intestine meridian,the tri-energizer ri-energizer meridian,the gallbladder meridian,and the meridian,the gallbladder meridian,and
48、 the stomach meridian.stomach meridian.l到达口唇的经脉有到达口唇的经脉有2 2条：大肠经、胃经。条：大肠经、胃经。The The two meridians that reach the mouth:the large two meridians that reach the mouth:the large intestine meridian and the stomach meridian.intestine meridian and the stomach meridian.l到达鼻的经脉有到达鼻的经脉有3 3条：大肠、胃、小肠。条：大肠、胃、小肠
49、。The The three meridians reach the nose:the large three meridians reach the nose:the large intestine meridian,the stomach meridian and the intestine meridian,the stomach meridian and the small intestine meridian.small intestine meridian.LungLargeintestineStomachSpleenHeartSmallintestineUrinarybladde
50、rKidneyPericardiumSanjiaoGallbladderLiver3 3、十二经脉的气血流注有规律、十二经脉的气血流注有规律The The order of cyclical floworder of cyclical flow中中焦焦l 肺大胃脾心小肠，膀肾胞焦胆肝详。肺大胃脾心小肠，膀肾胞焦胆肝详。MiddleJiao4 4、十二经脉循行走向有规律、十二经脉循行走向有规律 The rules of the The rules of the course of the twelve regular meridianscourse of the twelve regular m