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1、 第 1 页 共 4 页 专题十三 名词性从句 I、重点难点解析 名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句（见下表）。主语从句 做主语，用 that，whether，what（the thing that）等连接词（原疑问词）引导 宾语从句 做宾语，用 that（可省略），if，whether（or not），what（the thing which）等连接词（原疑问词）引导 表语从句 用 that（一般不省略），whether，what（the thing which）
2、等连接词（原疑问词）引导 同 位 语 从句 用 that（常用在 news，thought，idea 等词后），whether 等连接词（原疑问词）引导 一、主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：Who will go is not important.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.1.It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较
3、It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人是也可用 who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.（主语从句）It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.（主语从句）It is in the morning that the murder took place.（强调句）It is John that broke the win
4、dow.（强调句）2.用 it 作形式主语的结构：句型 例子 1 It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是/It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 2 It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然/It is strange that 奇怪的是 3 It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎/It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 4 It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道/It h
5、as been proved that已证实 It is said that 据说 3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：情况说明 例句 1 if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。If he will come or not is unknown （误）.Whether he will come or not is unknown （正）2 It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提It is said that Jiang will visit our school.（正）第 2 页 共 4 页 前 Jiang will visit our school next week
6、 is said.（误）3 It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（正）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（误）4 It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前 It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（正）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（误）5 含主语从句的复合句是
7、疑问句时，主语从句不可提前 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（正）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（误）二宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。情况说明 例句 1 作 动 词 的宾语 由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)I heard(that)he joined the army.由 what,whether(if),when,where 等引导的宾语从句 She did not know what had h
8、appened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.动词间接宾语宾语从句 She told me that she would accept my invitation.2 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.4 it 可以作为形式宾语 We heard it that she would get married next mon
9、th.5 否定的转移（若主句谓语动词为 think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式）I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashame
10、d,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句。三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem 等。引导表语从句的 that常可省略。另外，常用的还有 the reason is that 和 It is because 等结构。例如：1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such
11、 a short time.2)This is why we cant get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句 第 3 页 共 4 页 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。情况说明 例句 1 同位语从句的功能（一般由 that 引导）对于名词进一步解释，The kings decision th
12、at the prisoner would be set frsurprised all the people.说明名词的具体内容，The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given bthe general.2 同位语从句在句子中的位置 有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，被别的词隔开 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was poff.五whether,if 引导名词性从句的区别：情况说明 例句 1 在句首引导主语从句时，只能用whether Whether
13、we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2 if 不能引导表语从句 What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.3 if 不能引导介词后的宾语从句 Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.4 如果宾语从句是否定句只能用 if I asked Pave if he hadnt decided
14、 what he would say at the meeting.5 discuss 后的宾语从句只能用whether引导 We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect.注意：doubt 作“怀疑”解，后接宾语从句时，如主句是肯定的，宾语从句用 whether 或if 引导；如主句是否定，宾语从句只能用 that 引导。(1)I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.(2)I dont doubt that he can do it very well.II、实战演练 用适当的连词填空
15、：1.I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2.Thats _ he refused my invitation.3.I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4._ we need is more time.5.The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6._ and _ they will meet has not been de
16、cided yet.7.Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8.Is that _ you are looking for?9.Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10.I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.11._ is done cannot be undone.12.Take care _ you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.13.To his surprise,the umb
17、rella was not _ he had put.14._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.15._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.第 4 页 共 4 页 16._ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.17.It doesnt matter _I rest or not.18._I have will be yours sooner or later.19.I think
18、it is _ youre eating too much.20.Can you make sure _ Alice has put the gold necklace?21.Do you remember _ he came?Yes,I do.He came by train.22.Mother asked me _ was wrong with me.23_they have won the game made us excited.24._he says in his report is a very interesting question.25.That is he failed to arrive on time.答案：1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether/if 11.What 12.that 13.where 14.what;what 15.Whether 16.What;how 17whether 18Whatever 19because 20where 21how 22 what 23 That 24 What 25why