《高考英语：主谓一致335.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语：主谓一致335.pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、主谓一致 主谓一致考查的重点：三条原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近一致。语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。意义一致原则：主语形式为单数而意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。主语形式为复数而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。解题方法：分析句子，找准句子主语，判断句子主语究竟是单数还是复数。（一）语法一致原则 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on th
2、e farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.注意：由 what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books.What I sa
3、y and do are helpful to you.2、由连接词 and或 both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.The writer and the artist have
4、 come.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 as well as,with,together with,along with,rather than,except,besides,but,like,unlike,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She,like you and Tom,is very tall.4、如
5、：Many a student has seen the film.Neither story is true.Either is correct.More than one student has seen the film.注意：当 each 放在主语后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数 如：They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.Each of the footballers _ over 150 pounds.A.weigh B.weighs C.weights D.were (08 陕西 15)Did you go
6、 to the show last night boy and each girl in the area_invited.been been 5、由 some,any,no,every+onethingbody 作主语，谓语动词用单数 Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.has 6、在定语从句时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。注意：在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词 who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词
7、而不是 one，因此，从中的动词应该是复数形式.但是当 one 之前有 thethe only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是 one，而不是靠近+单数名词-谓语单数 many a /each /every either/neither more than one each neither either+of+the+复数名词或代词-谓语单数 +名词单数 作主语 -谓语单数 every each no many a every each no many a +名词单数and+它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：He is one of my friends who are workin
8、g hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.7、由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom.The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50%of the students in our class are girls.注意：
9、1)a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是 number，谓语用单数。2)a（great,large,good）quantity of(许多)名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a（great,large,good）quantity of(许多)不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。the quantity of+名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用单数。如：A great quantity of water has been pollut
10、ed.A large quantity of apples have rotted on the trees.Quantities of food were on the table.The quantity of books in the library is amazing.3)an(great,good)amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。The amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Large amount s of money were spent on the bridge.A great amou
11、nt of money was spent on the bridge.8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：1、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family,class,crowd,committee,audience 等。如：Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four
12、 are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：people,police,cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.2、单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。这类词包括：deer,sheep,fish,crossroads,means,headquarters,series,species.如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.A crossroads is a place where roads c
13、ross.There are several crossroads here.3、表示“时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.4、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.5、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：One and a hal
14、f apples is left on the table.One and a half months has passed.6、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.7、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics 以及 news,works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built i
15、n 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study.8、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.9、“定冠词 the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。When the injured_to the hospital，they came to_.Awas rushed;life Bwere rushed;l
16、ife Crushed;lives Dwere rushed;lives （三）就近一致原则：1、当两个主语由 or,either or,neither nor,whether or,not only but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right 2、there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主
17、语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here 引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致 1.(2012 陕西）The basketball coach,as well as his team;_interviewed shortly after match for Their outstanding performance.2.(2012 湖南）All the scientific evidence_that increasing use of chemicals in farming_damaging
18、our health.,are ;are ;is ;is 3.(2011安徽)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A.is B.are C.was D were 4.(2011 湖 南)One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.A is;are B.is;is C.are;are D.are;is 5.10
19、 全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.worn worn 6.10 湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have 7.09 山东The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1
20、990.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 8.09四川 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;was 9.09 湖南Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be 10.0
21、9陕西Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going to C.was going to D.were going to 11.07 江西A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.;are ;is ;is ;are 12.07陕西As a result of the serious fl
22、ood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.repairing to repair repairing to repair far a series of problems_brought about by this decision.been been students in our class each_an English dictionary and each of them_for it.;has paid ;have paid ;has paid ;have paid the sheep_over there at that time.