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1、主谓一致主谓一致考查的重点：主谓一致考查的重点：三条原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近一致。三条原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近一致。语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。意义一致原则：主语形式为单数而意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。主语形式为复数而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。解题方法：解题方法：分析句子，找准句子主语，判断句子主语究竟是单数还是复数。分析句子，找准句子主语，判断句子主语究竟是单数还是复数。（一）语法一致原则（一）语法一致原则1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动
2、名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is workingis working on the farm.To study English well is is not easy.What he said is is very important for us all.Reading in the sun is is bad for your eyes.The children werewere in the classroom two hours ago.注意注意：由 what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式
3、，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought werewere three English books.What I say and do areare helpful to you.2、由连接词 and或 both and 连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：She and I areare classmates.The boy and the girlwerewere surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he areare Young Pio
4、neers.注意注意：若 and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artisthas come.has come.The writer and the artist have come.have come.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 as well as,with,together with,along with,rather than,except,besides,but,like,unlike,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green,togethe
5、r with his wife and children,has comehas come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mikewaswas on the playground.She,like you and Tom,is is very tall.many a/each/every4、either/neithermore than one+单数名词-谓语单数如：Many a student has seen the film.Neither story is true.Either is correct.More than one student has see
6、n the film.注意注意：当 each放在主语后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数如：They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.eachneithereither+of+the+复数名词或代词-谓语单数Each of the footballers _ over 150 pounds.A.weighB.weighsC.weightsD.wereeveryeachnomany a+名词单数and+everyeachnomany a+名词单数作主语-谓语单数谓语单数(08 陕西 15)Did you go to the sh
7、ow last night boy and each girl in the area_invited.been5、由 some,any,no,every+onethingbody 作主语，谓语动词用单数Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.areB.is stayedC.isD.has6、在定语从句时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。注意注意：在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从中的动词应该是复数形
8、式.但是当 one之前有 thethe only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近been它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：He is one of my friends whoare workingare working hard.He is the only one of my friends whois is workingworking hard.7、由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的
9、数而定。如：There areare a lot of people in the classroom.The rest of the lecture is is wonderful.50%of the students in our classareare girls.注意注意：1)a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是 number，谓语用单数。2)a（great,large,good）quantity of(许多)名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a（great,large,good）quantity of(许多)不可数名
10、词作主语时，谓语用单数。quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。the quantity of+名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用单数。如：A great quantity of water has been polluted.A large quantity of apples have rotted on the trees.Quantities of food were on the table.The quantity of books in the library is amazing.3)an(great,good)amo
11、unt of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。The amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Large amount s of money were spent on the bridge.A great amount of money was spent on the bridge.8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comescomes the bus.On the wall areare many pictures.Such is is the result.Such areare the f
12、acts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：（二）逻辑意义一致原则：1、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family,class,crowd,committee,audience等。如：Class Four is is on the third floor.Class Four areare unable to agree upon a monitor.注意注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are lookingare looking for the lost child.2
13、、单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。这类词包括：deer,sheep,fish,crossroads,means,headquarters,series,species.如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.A crossroads is a place where roads cross.There are several crossroads here.3、表示“时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如：Thirty minu
14、tes is is enough for the work.4、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights”is is an interesting story-book.5、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：One and a half apples is is left on the table.One and a half months has passed.6、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve
15、plus eight is is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eightis is seven.7、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics 以及 news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was builtwas built in 1990.I think physics isntisnt easy to study.8、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如
16、果这些名词前有 a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are are broken.The pair of shoes under the bedis is his.9、“定冠词 the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。When the injured_to the hospital，they came to_.Awas rushed;lifeBwere rushed;lifeCrushed;livesDwere rushed;lives（三）就近一致原则：（三）就近一致原则：1、当两个主语由 or,either or,neither n
17、or,whether or,not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the studentsareare our friends.Neither they nor he is is wholly right.Is Is neither he nor they wholly right2、there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There areare two chairs and a desk in the room.注意注意：H
18、ere引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致练习：主谓一致1.(2012陕西）The basketball coach,as well as his team;_interviewed shortly after match forTheir outstanding performance.2.(2012湖南）All the scientific evidence_that increasing use of chemicals in farming_damagingour health.,are;are;is;is3.(2011安徽)The factory used 65 percent of
19、the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for otherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD were4.(2011 湖 南)One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of thecitizens_black people.A is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is5.10全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ eveningdr
20、ess.wornworn6.10湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.has D.have7.09山东The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been8.09四川 The teacher together with the students _ discussi
21、ng Reading Skills that _ newlypublished in America.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was9.09湖南Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be10.09陕西Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_visit Beijing this summer.A.is going toB.are going toC
22、.was going toD.were going to11.07江西A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_good for ones health.;are;is;is;are12.07陕西As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.repairingto repairrepairingto repairfar a series of problems_brought about by this decision.beenbeenstudents in our class each_an English dictionary and each of them_for it.;has paid;have paid;has paid;have paidthe sheep_over there at that time.