完形填空解题技巧47402.pdf

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1、 完形填空解题指导(供学生阅读)命题特点 研读我市近五年的中考试卷可以看到,完形填空主要呈现以下几个特点:富有哲理的小短文成为命题的首选,同时彰显德育无痕的效果。文章体裁以记叙文为主,五篇中有四篇是记叙文,可见正常情况下,中考完形还是以记叙文为主的。再从题材上看,所选材料往往都是富有教育意义,让考生通过解题后能领悟到一定的人生哲理,从而达到新课标所要求的德育无恒的目标。从所选材料的篇幅上看,从244 个字到 298 个字之间,特别是近 3 年来一直稳定在 250 词左右。(见下表)年份 字数 体裁 题材 2008 244 记叙文 人生哲理(助人为乐)2009 298 记叙文 人生哲理(助人为乐

2、)2010 252 说明文 中国文化(Chinese red)2011 244 记叙文 人生哲理(关爱他人)2012 266 记叙文 人生哲理(成长体验)语法不再是考查的重点,在语境下对语言运用能力的测试成为主体。各位同学如果观察我市中考完形填空题会发现,几乎所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立。这就要求同学们根据对语篇的整体理解来理顺思路,同时注意上下文的内在联系,通过语境作出选择。考点主要集中在词语搭配、惯用法、句法以及语境理解等方面。由于中考词汇量的限制,我市中考的完形填空往往是以实词(动词、名词、形容词和副词等)的词义辨析作为重点考查内容。连词、介词的比重也在增加。(见下表)动词 名词

3、 形容词 副词 代词 连词 介词 疑问词 2008 4 3 3 1 3 1 2009 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 2010 4 4 6 1 2011 5 2 2 2 1 2 1 2012 5 4 3 1 1 1 而且,从上表中可以清晰的看出完形填空的难度跟名词动词和形容词在测试中所占比重的高低有直接的关系。如果这类词多,难度往往就很低。盐城市中考命题非常规范,符合大规模测试科学命题的所有指标。所有完形填空的首句皆不设空,因为规范的命题要求首句能揭示文章的主旨所在或是告诉同学们文章的的背景、事件发生的时间、地点以及其它许多重要信息。如果各位同学再认真观察选项可以发现所设空格的能级考查能充分体现规

4、范的完形填空命题是符合“点线面”全面考查能力要求。所谓点,就是看空格所在的句子就能解题;而线则是指看懂空格所在的段落才能解题;面就是指考生必须在看懂全文的基础上才能解出该题。但是,由于词汇量和中考考试难度的限制,面上的试题在中考中很难命制,但是线上的试题,几乎每年都有。一般解题思路 1跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文主题及大意。2复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置

5、,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。3三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验,可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。解题技巧 第一、利用固定搭配或习惯表达来解题。运用词汇间的搭配关系,经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案,即使确定不了答案,也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项,缩小选择范围,提高答案的准确率。【中考题例】I 52 a nice time in my h

6、ometown(2011 年 常德 保留原题号,下同)52.A.gave B.had C.lost D.made 简析解该题时,考生如抓住 have a good time(过得愉快)这一固定搭配,就可以快速得到正确答案 B 项。第二、利用复现关系来解题。复现是行文不可避免要使用的一种词汇衔接手段,它通过原词、同(近)义词、概括词等形式重复某一概念,从而使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同(近)义复现、反义复现、上下义词复现和解释型复型等。【中考题例】Jody was ten years old when he decided he needed a job.

7、He thought it might be 36 to raise(养)worms.He could sell them to farmers and people who fished.So in 37 ,he bought many worms.But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not 38 them in a warm place.The next spring Jody 39 again.He bought more worms,which he took good care of

8、(2008 年 无锡)37.A.autumn B.spring C.winter D.summer 简析 在解第 37 题时,如果考生没有语篇的意识,只是看空格所在的句子是很难作出准确的判断的。其实,下文中第二段的第一句话就有暗示,可以推断出第 37 题的答案应该是 B项。第三、利用上下文逻辑关系来解题。只有明确文章结构,了解段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系,才能加深对文章的理解,从而在空白处填入正确的词语,这就要求老先生熟悉和掌握一些常用的逻辑关系词语。常用的逻辑关系词语见下表:逻辑关系 常用连接词语 并列 and,as well as,bothand,not onlybut(also),n

9、eithernor 转折 but,however,whereas,while,yet,still,instead,on the other hand,notbut,rather than 选择 or,nor,or else,otherwise,eitheror 递进 besides,also,even 解释 that is(to say),in other words,or,and 时间 when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,once 比较或对比 (not)asas,not so as,(not)suchas,(not)the same

10、as,than 条件 if,unless,as(/so)long as,in case 因果 because,since,as,for,as a result,so that,so that,such that 让步 though,although,even if(/though),whatever,whoever,whenever,however,no matter 【中考题例】One very cold morning,my,father and I were working on the farm.I asked him how long I must stay in the _31_.

11、“About an hour.”he answered.“I wish I could go hone nowmy _32_ aches.”“I am sorry,but cant you stay till lunch time?”said my father.“But my headache is getting _33_.(2011 年 株洲)33.A.better B.worse C.less 简析该空前的一句话是父亲想让儿子坚持到吃中饭的时候,儿子的回答用 but 开头,就暗示他想回家,故理由是头疼得更厉害了,所以 B 项正确。第四、利用语法分析来解题。除了对语法知识的直接考查外,完

12、形填空中经常会出现一些复杂句式,如各种从句、非谓语动词、分隔句式等,给做题带来一定困难。虽然语法不再是考查重点,但扎实的语法基础和较强的句子分析能力往往可以将问题化繁为简,在关键时刻化险为夷。【中考题例】Most people want to be happy,but few know how to find happiness.Money and success alone do not bring 33 .Happiness depends on 34 .In other words,we make our own happiness.Here are a few 35 to help y

13、ou happier.The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.Too often,we 36 so much time thinking about futurefor example (2011 年 衡阳)35.A.problems B.suggestions C.advice 简析第 35 题是一道难度较大的试题,首先要求考生要根据下文来概括出空格处应该填“建议”一词;但是由于 B、C 两项都有此意,往往令考生束手无策。如果此时,抓住 a few 这一关键信息词语,结合相关语法知识,可以快速排除

14、 C 项的。第五、利用文化背景或生活常识来解题。从文化背景知识和生活常识的角度找突破口是近向年完形填空试题的特色之一,因为它更能考查考生运用语言知识的综合能力。【中考题例】Jenny loves her dog Larry very much.They have lived together for years and become good 31 (2011 年 娄底)31.A.farmers B.classmates C.friends 简析解该题时,凭借日常知识就能搞定了(人和狗相处时间长了,只能成为朋友,不会是农民和同学的),故 C 项正确。第六、通过文章深层意义的理解选择正确答案。通

15、过文章深层意义来选择答案,是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。它要求考生不仅要有广博的英语文化知识、丰富的生活经历,还要求考生能够驾驭全文,不仅理解文章的表层意义,而且要弄清文章的深层意义。【典型题例】“Hold your head up high”has been 29 many times in my home.Each of my children has felt its 30 .The gift she gave me lives on in my children.(10 年 扬州)29.A.shouted B.heard C.broadcast D.discussed 30.A.pow

16、er B.promise C.energy D.secret 简析 根据上文,结合词义的辨析,可以知道第29题的最佳答案应该是 B 项。而第30题的正确解答,需要考生在全面理解短文的基础上,并弄清文章的深层意义(我们必须要昂首挺胸,勇敢的面对世界),才能选出最佳答案 A 项。1 Different things usually stand for different feelings.Red,for example,is the color of fire,heat,blood and life.People say red is an exciting and active color.Th

17、ey associate(使发生联系)red with a strong feeling like 1 。Red is used for signs of 2 ,such as STOP signs and fire engines.Orange is the bright,warm color of 3 in autumn.People say orange is a 4 color.They associate orange with happiness.Yellow is the color of 5 .People say it is a cheerful color.They ass

18、ociate yellow too,with happiness.Green is the cool color of grass in 6 .People say it is a refreshing color.In general,people 7 two groups of colors:warm colors and cool colors.The warm colors are red,orange and 8 .Where there are warm color and a lot of light,people usually want to be 9 .Those who

19、like to be with 10 like red.The cool colors are 11 and blue.Where are these colors,people are usually worried.Some scientists say that time seems to 12 more slowly in a room with warm colors.They suggest that a warm color is a good 13 for a living room or a 14 。People who are having a rest or are ea

20、ting do not want time to pass quickly.15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1.A.sadness B.anger C.administration D.smile 2.A.roads B.ways C.danger D.places 3.A.land B.leaves C.grass D.mountains 4.A.lively B.dark C.noisy D.frightening 5.A.moonligh

21、t B.light C.sunlight D.stars 6.A.summer B.spring C.autumn D.winter 7.A.speak B.say C.talk about D.tell 8.A.green B.yellow C.white D.gray 9.A.calm B.sleepy C.active D.helpful 10.A.the other B.another C.other one D.others 11.A.black B.green C.golden D.yellow 12.A.go round B.go by C.go off D.go along 1

22、3.A.one B.way C.fact D.matter 14.A.factory B.classroom C.restaurant D.hospital 15.A.Different B.Cool C.Warm D.All 解题指导:不同颜色往往可以代表不同的心情。根据不同颜色的特点以及给人留下的感觉,颜色的选择在日常生活中往往也起着一定的作用。本文以其中的一些颜色为例作了相关的解释说明,是一篇知识性很强的文章。答案简析 1.B。根据上文的 strong feeling 可知 anger 最合乎文意。2.C。下文所列举的例子 STOP signs 和 fire engines 都属于危险信

23、号,故选择 danger。3.B。根据常识,黄色应是秋天树叶的颜色,故应选 leaves。4.A。下文提到人们把黄色和幸福联系起来,说明黄色是一个充满生机的颜色,故选 lively。5.C。下文提到黄色是令人愉快的颜色,根据常识太阳光的颜色是黄色,故选 sunlight。6.B。绿色是春季里草的颜色,故选 spring。7.C。speak 后面往往接某种语言作宾语;say 后面常接说话的内容;tell 的宾语一般是人;talk about sth.意为谈论某事物。故 C 为正确选项。8.B。根据上文对 yellow 的解释。说明 yellow 也属于 warm color。9.C。与下文喜欢冷

24、色调的人相对应,再根据上文对各种暖色调的选择,active 合乎文意为正确选项。10.D。others 相当于 other people 意为“别的人”。another 指“另一个”。other one 不可单独使用,the other one 指“另外的一个”。11.A。四个选项中只有 black 可归纳到冷色调当中去。12.B。go around 意为“到处走动”;go off 意为“离开,爆炸”;go along 意为“前进,进行”;go by 意为“走过,流逝”。根据文意,应选 go by。13.B。way 根据上文,暖色调的环境下时间似乎过得更慢,说明暖色调是用来装饰居室和饭馆的好方

25、法,故选择 way。14.C。比较四个场所只有饭馆适合使用暖色调。15.B。与暖色调相对立,冷色调适用于办公室,以使人感觉时间过得比较快。2 I have tried many ways to be 1 .I dont wear a sweater when I 2 ,and two days ago I walked in the 3 without my shoes.But so far nothing 4 .Debbie once told me about a boy in her class who liked 5 school.He would rub(摩擦)the end of

26、the thermometer(温度计)until it went 6 to 39.Then hed put it in his mouth and his mother would think he was 7 ill.This morning I tried doing that but it 8 went above 35 and I rubbed it for ten 9 .So I held the thermometer 10 the light on my desk and it went up to 40.I thought Id put it in my mouth and

27、walk downstairs like that.11 my mother would take it out and she would be 12 when she saw that I was rather ill.The only trouble was I didnt know the thermometer would be so 13 ,As soon as I put it into my mouth I burnt my tongue(舌头)!I spit(吐)the thermometer out.It fell 14 the floor but it 15 .1.A.w

28、ell B.fine C.ill D.bad 2.A.could B.should C.must D.might 3.A.water B.rain C.sun D.wind 4.A.happens B.happened C.will happen D.has happened 5.A.being away from B.leaving C.staying at D.being out of 6.A.on B.down C.up D.off 7.A.really B.real C.bad D.badly 8.A.cant B.not C.never D.didnt 9.A.seconds B.h

29、ours C.minutes D.moments 10.A.near B.near to C.next D.next to 11.A.When B.Then C.So D.If 12.A.worried B.surprised C.happy D.frightened 13.A.cold B.hot C.warm D.cool 14.A.off B.down C.to D.on 15.A.didnt break B.didnt broke C.wasnt broken D.was broken 解题指导:这是一篇小幽默。一个男孩为了装病,用尽了各种办法想告诉妈妈自己的体温很高,结果差点儿烫伤了

30、自己。答案解析 1C。根据下文得知,这个小孩就是想让自己生病。2B。这里应选择情态动词 should,表示在该穿毛衣的时候他不穿,其实他就是想让自己冻出病来。3B。跟上两题同解。4D。so far 常与动词的现在完成时连用,表示“到目前为止”。5A。leave school 表示“辍学、毕业离校”的动作,be away from school 则表示“不上学、逃学”的状态。6C。up 表示“温度上升”。7A。妈妈会认为他真的病了,故选副词 really。8C。其他选项在语法上均错。9C。根据文意。10D。next to 表示“临近、非常接近”。11B。Then 是副词,表时间上的“顺承”。其他

31、三选项均引导从句,故不选。12A。妈妈得知孩子生病,首先感到担心。13B。这里表示“烫”,所以不能选 warm。14D。fall on 为“掉到上”,fall off 是指“从某处摔下”,fall down 是“落下”。15C。break 为及物动词,与主语构成动宾关系,所以用被动语态形式 was broken。3 From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying,but in the evenings and weekends they are free and 1 themselves.Some watch tel

32、evision or go to the movies,others 2 sports.This is decided by their own 3 .There are many different ways to spend our 4 time.Almost everyone has some kind of 5 :it may be something from collecting stamps to 6 model planes.Some hobbies are very 7 ,but others dont cost anything at all.Some collection

33、s(收藏)are worth 8 of money,others are valuable(有价值的)only to their owners.I know a man who has a coin collection worth several 9 dollars.A short time ago he bought a rare(罕见的)fifty-cent piece which 10 him$250!was very happy about this collection and thought the price was all right.On the other hand,my

34、 youngest brother collects match boxes.He has almost 600 of them,but I wonder 11 they worth any money.However,12 my brother they are quite valuable.13 makes him happier than to find a new match box for his collection.Thats what a hobby means,I think.It is something we 14 to do in our free time just

35、for the 15 of it.The value in dollars is not important,but the pleasure it gives us is.1.A.love B.work C.enjoy D.play 2.A.look like B.take care of C.think about D.take part in 3.A.lives B.interests C.jobs D.things 4.A.working B.free C.own D.whole 5.A.hobby B.thing C.job D.way 6.A.make B.making C.mak

36、es D.made 7.A.interesting B.exciting C.cheap D.expensive 8.A.a little B.a few C.a lot D.a number 9.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of D.thousand of 10.A.paid B.cost C.took D.spent 11.A.that B.if C.what D.why 12.A.to B.on C.with D.in 13.A.Everything B.Anything C.Nothing D.Something 14.A.have B.nee

37、d C.refuse D.like 15.A.money B.work C.fun D.time 解题指导:1.C enjoy oneself 等于 have a good time,意为“玩得开心”。2D take part in“参加活动”。3B 决定业余时干什么,凭个人兴趣,自我爱好。4B free time 意为“业余时间”。5.A hobby 指“爱好”。6B from.to 是两个介词构成的短语。7D 根据下句,可知道答案。8C 根据下句,可知道答案。9A several 表示“有几个”。thousand 作形容词用,本身无复数形式,后直接接名词。几千美元可表示为“several thousand dollars”。10.B sthcost sbmoney 是个句型,意为“某物花了某人钱”。pay 和 spend 也可表示“花钱”,但主语是人,不是物。11.B if 表示“是否”。12.A to sb.是习惯用法,意为“对某人而言”。13.C nothing makes him happier than.的意思是“什么也不能使他比更快乐”。14.D like to do 表示“个人爱好”,have to 是表示“被迫干”,need to do 则表示“需要干”。15.C fun=pleasure 意为“乐趣”。

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