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1、 第 1 页 共 20 页 中考英语完形填空解题技巧讲解 一、考情考项分析 “完形填空”旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力。其中涵盖词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法，又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。近几年中考的完形填空仍是选择题型。体裁上有记叙文、议论文、说明文。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。设空主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有代词、连词、介词短语。二、完形填空要求填入的词归类 1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的
2、格，形容词和副词的等级等。3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。三、“完形填空”题解题策略 1.浏览快速浏览,了解大意(跳过空格，不要看选项）（约两分钟）。快速阅读一下全文，领会大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2.试填瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破（约八分钟）。先易后难，逐层深入。在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。（注意不会的题要做标记）。3.攻难再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空
3、缺。（约两分钟）4.检查复读全文，确保语意连贯，用词准确（约两分钟）。试填后，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。第 2 页 共 20 页 四、完形填空解题技巧 技巧 1、充分利用文章中有提示作用的词。这是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。这些词可以是原词复现、同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。试看以下例题：原词复现：例 1 One day,he was walking in his garden when he saw a strange 16 with beautiful features(特征)and sweet voice in
4、 a tree.Chulong 17 went near the tree and caught the bird,A.cat B.bird C.panda D.monkey 反义词：例 2 Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the 51 one.Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.A.positive B.opposite C.same D.wrong 近义词 例 3I remember as a
5、 child I said something _about somebody and my father said“Anytime you say something unpleasant about somebody else,its a reflection of you.”A.unkind B.unnecessary C.unimportant D.unusual 转折词 例 4My main responsibilities were clearing tables,_ sometimes I helped cook.A.or B.so C.but D.even 解析：答案 B.本题
6、中前面说我的主要职责是.,后面应该填写和 main 有转折意思的词，但是有时候也做饭。Keys:例 1：B 例 2：:B 例 3：A 例 4：:C 技巧 2、词语之间的习惯搭配，或固定搭配。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生 第 3 页 共 20 页 平时应掌握好习惯用法和固定短语并记忆。例 1 They couldnt read or write.They didnt like to work and they never _ baths.A.took B.washed C.ran D.covered 解析：答案 A.本题考查的是固定搭配 take
7、 a bath，意为“洗澡”。例 2This seemed to frightened him,and he _ the money and gave it to me.A.used up B.took out C.put down D.gave away 解析：答案 B.本题考查的是固定搭配 take out，意为“拿出（钱）”。“”use up 意思是“用光”，“”put down 为“放下”，“”give away 意思为“分发、泄露、失去”。例 3 A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes werent as
8、_ as a normal babys.Abig Bbigger Cbiggest Dthe biggest 解析：考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“asadj./adv.as.”结构，表示“和一样”，其中 adj.和 adv.都用原级。故 A 项正确。技巧 3、结合常识，明辨真伪。结合各类生活常识和科学常识，选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题，考生平时要做生活中的有心人，留心各种社会现象，积累丰富的生活知识。例 1 But we ran so much that，afterwards，we had trouble_.A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.brea
9、thing 解析：根据常识，跑步太快时，人们会呼吸很困难，所以答案是(D)。例 2 A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article _ the death of Alfred Nobel.A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising.解析：由常识可知，报社应该是(透露；宣布)消息，故用 announce(give information about)，所以答案为 B.技巧 4、根据词汇意义和用法，辨析词义。第 4 页 共 20 页 选
10、项中四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。词义辨析法考查的面广，该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点；要做到准确选择，必须在一定的语境或句子中理解，这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查，如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。例 1 A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings.Do you _what he means?A.think B.guess C.know D.understand 解析：C 本
11、段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。例 2 In England,people dont like_1_ very much.You can go on a bus,_2_ on a train,and people just sit looking_3_ the windows.Often they read.They read books and newspapers.But they dont talk.1.A.laughing B.going out C.talking D.playing 2.A.or B.and C.either D.bu
12、t 3.A.from B.through C.at D.out of Keys:1.C 2.A 3.D 技巧 5、根据作者的观点、态度推断。推断类题在完形填空中是最常见的，考生首先要弄清楚主人公身份，所处环境等，进而理解语境，体悟作者的观点、态度来确定选项。例 1 Life is very _,so dont rush to make decisions.Life doesnt let you plan.A.hard B.busy C.short D.long 解析：答案 D.本题中说不要着急做决定，体悟作者表达的意思是：生命很长，不要着急.。例 2 He told his dad that
13、Kate was scratching(划损）the newly bought car with a nail.Mr Smith ran outside and became very _as soon as he saw it.A.happy B.angry C.brave D.relaxed 解析：答案 B.本题中 Kate 划坏了车，所以故事的主人公应该很生气。第 5 页 共 20 页 例 3 There was only one way to make money,and that was to _ it.He would have to find a job.A.borrow B.e
14、arn C.raise D.save 例 4 On my first day at school，the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid and the way I talked.I was hurt deeply and I saw myself as a(n)_ kid.A.ugly B.smart C.handsome 解析：由关键词“made fun of me”和“I was hurt deeply”可知，“我”把我自己看成一个“丑陋”的孩子。故 A 项正确。技巧 6、仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状
15、语等。例 1The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to education our sympathy.A.needs B.had C.make D.deserve 解析：虽然本句子的成分较少，结构较清晰，但要注意的是后置定语部分很长，划分时容易出错。The children born in the village and left hopeless for lack of access to education 主语 后置定语 _ our sympathy.谓语 宾语 翻译：那些出生在偏远山村
16、、由于没有上学的机会而绝望的孩子们值得我们同情。本句缺少谓语，根据句意，应该填 deserve.例2 Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was a good student whose grades and attendance _ as he became addicted to playing video games.A.increased B.raised C.fell D.fallen 解析：本句 evidence 作主语，provided by the school 作主语的后置定语，has proved 作谓语
17、，后接 that 引导的宾语从句。从句中 John 是主语，was 是谓语，a good student 是表语，而表语 student 后接由 whose 引导的定语从句。定语从句中 grades and attendance 作主语，fell 第 6 页 共 20 页 作从句的谓语，后接由 as 引导的原因状语从句。Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was a good student 主语 后置定语 谓语 宾语从句 whose grades and attendance _ as he became addicted
18、 to playing video games.定语从句 （从句谓语）状语从句 翻译：学校提供的证据证明约翰曾是一个好学生，但是当他沉迷于电子游戏之后，他的成绩和出勤率就一落千丈了。技巧 7、做完后一定要检查全文，仔细推敲。填完空格后，把答案放回短文的空格处，将弥补完整的全文从头至尾读一遍，以确保上下文的顺畅合理。有些答案局部看来很合理，有些觉得语感搭配很顺口，但是注意从上下文的语言联系来看又充满了矛盾，这时候应该做到局部服从整体，对所选的答案进行及时的修改。填完所有的空格以后，对于短文的含义和结构，已经有了比较清晰的了解，这时候在校对的过程当中，对于一些难以作出最后抉择的这种空格往往比较容易
19、选出正确答案。五、专题精讲(1)Brittany Amano wants to make sure every child in the US has enough to eat.Brittany Amano,now 18,knew how it felt to go hungry.Her mother tried to find a _1_ in Honolulu,Hawaii to support the family.Her grandmother helped out as much as she could.But the family _2_ had to depend on a
20、local food bank to live on,and for that she was _3_.When they lost their home,Amanos family had to live in a friends basement（地下室）.“I 第 7 页 共 20 页 could feel how hunger and homelessness_4_ my family.”Amano told a reporter from TFK.“The experience made me want to give _5_ to others in the same situat
21、ion.”In fourth grade,she and some of her friends started a good project.They _6_$700 and collected 800 pounds of food._7_ twelve,Amano set up the un profit（非营利的）group Hawaiis Future Isnt Hungry.She hoped to raise$10,000 _8_ she finished high school.She ended up raising more than$500,000 in four year
22、s.With the _9_ collected,the nonprofit group,now called The Future Isnt Hungry,can offer fresh fruits,vegetables,and other _10_ foods to school kids on Fridays.This is to make sure that the kids and _11_ families have enough food to get them _12_ the weekend.So far,the effort has helped more than 75
23、0,000 people.In the fall of this year,Amano will _13_ Duck University,in North Carolina on a full scholarship.After that,she plans to return to _14_ the city that gave her so much.“It doesnt matter if you help one million people _15_ just one person,”she says.“The smallest action can make a huge dif
24、ference.”1.A.job B.club C.house D.school 2.A.yet B.still C.just D.never 3.A.careful B.helpful C.hopeful D.thankful 4.A.satisfied B.influenced C.developed D.managed 5.A.hope B.choice C.surprise D.pleasure 6.A.paid B.saved C.raised D.borrowed 7.A.By B.At C.Until D.Below 8.A.if B.since C.when D.because
25、 9.A.food B.clothes C.books D.money 10.A.sweet B.healthy C.cheap D.delicious 第 8 页 共 20 页 11.A.his B.her C.their D.our 12.A.into B.across C.along D.through 13.A.enter B.visit C.drop D.leave 14.A.set off B.club C.give back D.come up 15.A.or B.as C.but D.and Keys：1-5 ABDBA 5-10 CBCDB 10-15CDACA【考查内容】完
26、型填空，考查英语中各语法知识点【解题思路】1.【试题解析】考查名词辨析，妈妈在夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁找到了一份工作来支撑家庭，所以选 A。2.【试题解析】考查副词辨析，yet 意为“还，但是，已经”，still 意为“仍然，更，静止地”，just 意为“只是，仅仅；刚刚，刚才”，never 意为“从未，决不”，妈妈找了份工作，奶奶也尽自己所能地帮忙，但是这个家仍然不得不依靠食物银行为生。所以选 B。3.【试题解析】考查形容词辨析，careful 意为“仔细的”，helpful 意为“有益的，愿意帮忙的”，hopeful 意为“有希望的，thankful 意为“感恩的”，得到天野小姐食物银行的帮助，所
27、以对于它，天野小姐是感恩的。4.【试题解析】考查动词辨析，satisfy 意为“使满意”，influence 意为“影响”，develop 意为“发展”，manage 意为“管理”。饥饿和无家可归是一种不好的感觉，在这里选“influence 影响”显然更好一些。5.【试题解析】考查名词辨析，联系上下文，天野在生活窘困的时候得到了帮助，心怀感恩的她也想给别人，那些跟她一样处境的人，带来希望，所以选 A。6.【试题解析】考查动词辨析，pay 意为“支付”，save 意为“节约，节省”，raise 意为“筹集”，borrow 意为“借”。在这里，那些钱和食物是天野和她的同学筹集所得，所以选 C。7
28、.【试题解析】考查介词，“at twelve”在某人 12 岁的时候，at 后面跟数字，可表示在 第 9 页 共 20 页 某人几岁时。8.【试题解析】考查连词，if 意为“如果”，since 意为“从起”when 意为“当时”，because 意为“因为”，当她结束高中的时候，她筹集了 100000 美元，所以选 C。9.【试题解析】考查名词，联系上下文，上文中大篇幅地描写了她所筹到的钱，而后面的食物也是要钱买的，所以这里选“money”。10.【试题解析】考查形容词，上文提到的新鲜的瓜果蔬菜的共同特点是健康的，在列举时，后面的食物应该符合这个共同特点，所以选 B。11.【试题解析】考查形容
29、词性物主代词，那些得到帮助的家庭是孩子们的家庭，所以选 C。12.【试题解析】考查介词辨析，through the weekend 是“持续到周末”的意思，选 D。13.【试题解析】考查动词辨析，联系上下文可知，天野结束了她的高中，要去上杜克大学了，所以选 A，意为“进入”。14.【试题解析】考查动词短语，set off 意为“出发动身”，get down 意为“下来；吞下；使沮丧”，give back 意为“归还；回馈；恢复”，come up 意为“走进；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出”，天野计划回到火奴鲁鲁是为了回馈那个给了她很多的城市，所以选 C。15.【试题解析】考查连词，你帮一百万个
30、人或只帮了一个人都没有关系，一个小小的行动就能产生巨大的不同，只有 or 有选择意义，所以选 A，as 是“因为；当时；依照”的意思。(2)Think before we speak!It was a sunny and enjoyable dayEveryone in the 1 station was waiting for the train to arriveAmong the crowd，there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation It was a 2 station with a lot of
31、people and some juice shops，coffee and tea stalls，newspaper shops，etcThe train was arriving and everyone prepared to 3 the train to their seats 第 10 页 共 20 页 The group of friends made loud noise to 4 the train as it moved into the stationThey ran to get their seats 5 anyone entered the train The emp
32、ty seats were 6 and the train whistled（鸣笛声）to moveAn old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends groupThe young boy was so 7 to see everythingHe cheered，“Dad，the train is moving and the things are moving backward”His father 8 and nodded his head As the train star
33、ted moving fast，the young boy again screamed（尖叫），“Dad，the 9 are green in color and run backward very fast”His father said，”Yes，dear，”and smiled Just like a kid，he was watching everything with great 10 A fruit seller passed selling apples，bananas and orangesThe young boy asked his dad，“I want to eat
34、11 ”His father bought some for himHe said，“Oh，this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastesI love this color”The group was watching all the 12 of this boy and asked the boys father，“Is your son having any problem？Why is he behaving so 13?”“His son is mad，I think，”a friend from the group made fun of
35、him and shouted The father of the young boy，with patience，14 the friends group，“My son was born 15 Only a few days ago he was operatedHe is seeing different things in his life for the first time”The young friends became very quiet 1.A.railway B.bus C.police D.television 2.A.dark B.silent C.busy D.lo
36、nely 3.A.get off B.get down C.get out D.get into 4.A.break B.welcome C.push D.leave 5.A.after B.until C.before D.as 6.A.washed B.moved C.filled D.carried 7.A.surprised B.afraid C.sorry D.proud 8.A.shouted B.smiled C.cried D.refused 第 11 页 共 20 页 9.A.skies B.trees C.rivers D.houses 10.A.interest B.do
37、ubt C.courage D.sadness 11.A.apples B.bananas C.oranges D.strawberries 12.A.fruits B.words C.clothes D.activities 13.A.happily B.differently C.quietly D.quickly 14.A.quarreled with B.waited for C.replied to D.pointed at 15.A.normal B.deaf C.mad D.blind 答案及解析 1 A.【试题解析】考查名词的用法 根据 Everyone in thestati
38、on was waiting for the train to arrive，可知，在这里 train 指的是火车，相对应的这里应该是在火车站上，火车站的英语说法是 railway station故选 A 2C.【试题解析】考查形容词的用法根据 It was astation with a lot of people and some juice shops，coffee and tea stalls，newspaper shops，etc可知这里 a lot of people 指的是人非常多，所以说这是一个繁忙的车站busy 繁忙的故选 C 3 D【试题解析】考查动词短语的用法 根据 Th
39、e train was arriving and everyone prepared tothe train to their seats可知火车就要来了，每个人都在准备进入火车到他们的座位上get into 进入，故选 D 4 B.【试题解析】考查动词的用法 根据 The group of friends made loud noise tothe train as it moved into the station 可知当火车驶进车站的时候，这一群朋友发出很大的欢呼来欢迎火车的到来welcome 欢迎故选 B 5C.【试题解析】考查连词的用法根据 They ran to get their
40、 seatsanyone entered the train可知这里应该说的是在任何人进入火车之前，他们跑着去找座位，等到人都进来了就没有座位坐了before 在某某之前故选 C 6 C.【试题解析】考查动词的用法 根据 The empty seats wereand the train whistled（鸣笛声）to move，可知火车鸣笛离开的时候火车上坐满了人filled 坐满了故选 C 7 A.【试题解析】考查形容词的用法 根据 He cheered，“Dad，the train is moving and the things are moving backward，可知这个小男孩看
41、到火车在移动的时候，其它的东西都在向后移动感到很惊讶surprised 吃惊的故选 A 8B.【试题解析】考查动词的用法根据 His fatherand nodded his head可知当 第 12 页 共 20 页 他爸爸听到这个小男孩这么说的时候脸上面带微笑的点了点头smiled 微笑，故选 B 9 B.【试题解析】考查名词的用法 根据 Dad，theare green in color and run backward very fast可知在这里在铁路旁边而且颜色是绿色的东西应该是树trees 树故选 B 10 A.【试题解析】考查名词的用法 根据 Just like a kid，h
42、e was watching everything with great可知像一个孩子一样，他对看到的东西都充满了兴趣interest 兴趣故选 A 11 A.【试题解析】考查名词的用法 根据 Oh，this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes I love this color可知这里谈论的是苹果apples 苹果故选 A 12 D.【试题解析】考查名词的用法 根据 The group was watching all theof this boy，可知在这里应该是这群人看着这个小男孩的一举一动感到很不可思议activities 活动故选D 13
43、B.【试题解析】考查副词的用法根据 Is your son having any problem，可知这群人认为这个小男孩有什么问题，因为他的一举一动与众不同，differently，故选 B 14 D.【试题解析】考查动词短语的用法 根据 The father of the young boy，with patience，the friends group，在这里 with patience 的意思是有耐心的，而且后面有他说的话，所以应该是回答这群人的问题replied to 回答故选 C 15D.【试题解析】考查形容词的用法根据 Only a few days ago he was ope
44、ratedHe is seeing different things in his life for the first time”可知几天之前他刚刚作了手术，在他生命中这是他第一次看到不同的事物，言外之意以前看不到任何东西，所以他天生是个盲人blind瞎的故选 D【考点】本题考查的是一篇记叙文类完型填空首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，词型，词的搭配，并注意上下连贯，合乎逻辑结合排除法逐一选出答案最后再通读全文，查缺补漏，完成校正 (3)One night,a little swallow flew over the city.He was very
45、 1 and wanted to have a good sleep in the city.When he saw the Statue of the Happy Prince(王子),he flew down and got ready to sleep 2 the feet of the Happy Prince.Just as he was putting his head under his wing,some 3 fell on him.He thought it was raining.But when he looked 4,he found the sky was 5 cle
46、ar and bright that he could see lots of stars.Suddenly,he saw some tears were running down the Princes golden_6.“7 are you crying?”asked the swallow.第 13 页 共 20 页“In a little street,theres a poor house.From one of the windows,I see a woman 8 at a table.Shes sewing clothes for 9 women to wear.In a be
47、d in the corner of the room,her little boy is sick.Hes asking for oranges,but his mother has only water to give him,so he is crying.The boy is so thirsty 10 the mother is so sad.Little swallow,will you please take her the 11 from the top of my sword(宝剑)？”“It is very cold here and I am leaving for a
48、warm place,but I will stay with you and do as you ask.”The swallow took the bright red jewel from the Princes sword and flew away with it in his mouth.He flew into the womans room and 12 it beside the womans needle.13 he flew back,he told the Prince what he had done.“Its strange,”he added,“Its so co
49、ld but I feel quite 14 now.”“Thats 15 you have done a good thing,”said the Prince.The little swallow began to think about this,and then he fell asleep.()1.A.hungry B.tired C.angry D.sad()2.A.among B.above C.below D.between()3.A.water B.snow C.grass D.milk()4.A.at B.down C.up D.for()5.A.quite B.so C.
50、such D.very()6.A.ear B.feet C.hair D.face()7.A.Where B.How C.When D.Why()8.A.sitting B.eating C.drinking D.cooking()9.A.poor B.rich C.young D.old()10.A.but B.or C.and D.so()11.A.jewel B.orange C.gold D.diamond()12.A.forgot B.took C.got D.put()13.A.Before B.After C.Till D.While()14.A.cold B.hot C.war