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1、The Bluest Eye(Excerpts)by Toni Morrison Guide to Reading When we discuss contemporary American literature,it is impossible not to mention the name and works of Toni Morrison.A Nobel Prize winner for literature,she has written up to now seven novels,making significant contributions to the depiction
2、of African American experience.Unlike some African American writers who expose white racism against the blacks in a direct way,Morrisons exploration tends to be introverted1,focusing on the relationships within the black community.Her novels often reveal how the dominant white culture has deprived t
3、he black people of their own cultural values and the destructive impact this cultural mutilation2has brought about among the black people.Although most of her novels are apparently set in her home town in Ohio,they not only depict the black experience in that region,but tell about shared human condi
4、tions with universal themes of love,death,1个性内向的：人的特征为兴趣或是盘据脑海的只有自己或是自己的想法；害羞或是排斥;含蓄的;内倾的；不爱交际的;introvert vt.使(思想)内向;使内省 extroverted 外倾的：对其他的人或环境如与自身相反的或之外的事物感兴趣的；喜群居的或外出的：2毁损；残缺；切断;mutilate 毁伤；使残废 Her arm was mutilated in the accident.她的胳膊在车祸中受了重伤。The pilot was mutilated in the plane crash and now
5、has only one leg.飞行员在飞机失事事故中残废了,现在只剩下了一条腿。破坏；把删改得支离破碎 Youve mutilated the story by making such big changes.你作了这么大的改变，把故事弄得支离破碎了。betrayal,and the individuals responsibility for his or her own fate.Morrisons first novel The Bluest Eye,from which the following text is taken,tells the heartbreaking stor
6、y of Pecola Breedlove,a vulnerable black girl,living in Lorain,Ohio,in the early 1940s.In a society where blue eyes and whiteness are equated with beauty,and therefore,goodness3and happiness while blackness is perceived4ugliness,Pecolas greatest desire is to have blue eyes.Each night,without fail5,s
7、he prays for pretty blue eyes.She believes that having blue eyes is the key to wiping out all the unbearable miseries for her familytheir hopeless poverty,the constant fighting between the parents,the contempt of other children,etc.She imagines that with blue eyes,she will become a beautiful girl lo
8、ved by everyone.In her wild6imagination Pecola feels that the color of her eyes has been finally transformed.Ironically,instead of love,what she gets in the end is the violence of her fathers rape.Rather than happiness,she sinks deeper into the abyss of misery.Her dream of finding shelter in her fan
9、tasy of whiteness mercilessly destroyed,the girl is thrown into7 madness.Following is one of the most vivid scenes in the novel.In this part the author describes a particular type of blacksbrown-skinned people.They hold 3 Goodness is the quality of being kind,helpful,and honest.善良 4察觉；理解；发觉;把看作；认为 5
10、一定，必定 I will give you a present on your birthday without fail.你生日时我一定送你一份礼物。6 疯狂的；胡乱的;非常激动的;狂妄的；不切实际的；异想天开的；不合常理的 7使（突然）陷入某一状态 themselves high above the other blacks.These sugar-brown or milk-brown girls are from better families,“go to land-grant colleges8,learn how to do the white mans work with re
11、finement9,”marry successfully,living in their own inviolable worlds in quiet,black neighborhoods.With a certain proportion of white blood in them,they feel superior to other black people.Like the whites,they detest blackness10,and project 11their hatred and contempt for it onto Negroes with darker s
12、kins.They blindly believe in the mainstream white cultural values and imitate the white middle class in every possible way.They are unable to establish healthy relationships with their own people.Geraldine is such a woman,and her son Junior is on the way of becoming one like her.Incapable of human l
13、ove,Geraldine finds comfort in her cat.So when her cat is killed(by her son),she pours all her anger onto Pecola and cruelly drives the poor girl from her home.Once again,Pecola is made a victim.Yet,Geraldine,who has victimized12this helpless black girl,is also a victim herselfa victim of racial pre
14、judice that has penetrated into13 the minds of black people like her and 8 接受政府赠地的学院(或大学);land grant 政府赠予地：政府准予把公共用地用来建铁路、公路或州立大学 9(感情、趣味、举止、言谈等的)优雅，高尚，文雅 10黑人的特征(或特性、气质)11把(自己的感情、思想等)投射给他人 Dont project your guilt feelings onto me!别把你自己内疚的感情往我身上搬。12使作牺牲；使受害，使受苦 1313 进入；(思想、感情等)深入于 These new ideas ar
15、e penetrating into the minds of the younger generation.这些新思想正在渗透到年轻一代人的头脑里。warped14their true identity.This scene is vivid and disturbing15.After reading the story the reader finds it hard to forget the characters and their fate.Realistic16details,metaphorical language and the freshest and most stri
16、king17prose all contribute to Morrisons effective exploration of complex themes through telling simple stories.Text 1.They come from Mobile18.Aiken19.From Newport News20.14使(性格等)不正常；使乖戾；使有偏见 Years of living alone may warp ones personality.长期的孤身生活会使人的性格变得乖戾。15Something that is disturbing makes you fe
17、el worried or upset 令人不安的，使内心不平静的 16 You say that a painting,story,or movie is realistic when the people and things in it are like people and things in real life.逼真的 17Something that is striking is very noticeable or unusual.显著的;不同寻常的;突出的,鲜明的,引人注目的;给人深刻印象的 18墨比尔：亚拉巴马州西南的一座城市，在长约 61 公里(38英里）的墨比尔河 口处，
18、位于墨西哥湾的一个海湾 墨尔比湾 的北海岸。约设立于 1710 年，该市在 1813 年为美国军队夺取前曾被法、英和西班牙拥有。在墨比尔湾战役(1864年 8 月）中，海军上将大卫法拉革特击溃了一支邦联军舰队主力并确保联邦对该地区的控制。人口 196,278 19在南卡罗莱纳西部 20纽波特纽斯：美国弗吉尼亚东南的独立城市，位于詹姆斯河口的汉普顿海峡外侧，诺福克西北偏北。1620 年有人定居。19 世纪 80 年代由于造船工业的兴起而羸得了经济上的重要地位。人口 170,045 From Marietta21.From Meridian.And the sounds of these plac
19、es in their mouths make you think of love.When you ask them where they are from,they tilt their heads and say Mobile and you think youve been kissed.They say Aiken and you see a white butterfly glance off22 a fence with a torn wing.They say Nagadoches and you want to say Yes,I will.You dont know wha
20、t these towns are like,but you love what happens to the air when they open their lips and let the names ease out.2.Meridian.The sound of it opens the windows of a room like the first four notes23of a hymn.Few people can say the names of their home towns with such sly24 affection.Perhaps because they
21、 dont have home towns,just places where they were born.But these girls soak up25 the juice26of their home towns,and it never leaves them.They are thin27brown girls who have looked long at hollyhocks28 in the backyards of 21玛利埃塔：美国乔治亚州西北部的一座城市，位于亚特兰大的西北方，是一个发展有飞机工业的居民区。人口 44,129 22 斜飞,掠过；擦过 23音符：以其形状
22、并以其在谱表上的位置表示一定间高的符号 24 Lacking or marked by a lack of candor.虚伪的：缺乏诚实的或表明缺乏诚意的 25吸收,吸取；soak【非正式用语】吸收：精神上的吸收或接受，尤其是急切地或轻易地 26A substance or quality that imparts identity and vitality;essence 精髓：赋予特性或增添活力的物质或性质 27淡的；浅的 a thin color 浅色 28蜀葵：一种原产于中东地区的（蜀葵 蜀葵属）高大植物，因长有大而多色的亮丽花束而被广泛培植。Meridian,Mobile,Aike
23、n,and Baton Rouge29.And like hollyhocks they are narrow,tall,and still.Their roots are deep,their stalks are firm30,and only the top blossom nods31in the wind.They have the eyes of people who can tell what time it is by the color of the sky.Such girls live in quiet black neighborhoods where everybod
24、y is gainfully employed.Where there are porch swings32hanging from chains.Where the grass is cut with a scythe33,where rooster combs34 and sunflowers grow in the yards,and pots of bleeding heart35,ivy36,and mother-in-law tongue37line the steps and windowsills.Such girls 29巴吞鲁日：美国路易斯安那州的首府，位于该州的中部偏东南
25、，密西西比河上峭壁的东南中心部。此地有许多著名的南北战争前建筑。人口 219,531 30健壮的：表明身体的健康状态和健康组织的机能 31sway gently back and forth,as is in a nodding motion上下摆动：弯曲上下来回移动或垂下，如在风中的花朵 the flowers were nodding in the breeze 32 秋千：用绳子吊着的椅子，人可以坐在上面前后摆动作为消遣 33长柄大镰刀：有一个长长的、弯曲单刃刀片和一个长长的、弯曲柄的镰刀，用于割草或收割 34=cockscomb 鸡冠花：一种一年生植物（鸡冠花 青葙属），因有艳丽的扇形
26、或羽毛状红色或黄色花束而广泛栽培 35荷包牡丹：一种多年生荷包牡丹属 草本植物，尤指东半球 悦目的荷包牡丹，开鲜艳的粉色到红色，有时白色的心形花朵，花蔟呈拱形 36常春藤：常春藤 属中的一种木质的、攀援的或拖曳的常绿植物，原产于欧洲，尤指 洋常春藤，有掌状的裂叶、根生的幼茎和伞形花序的绿色小花 37 花叶万年青 have bought watermelon and snap beans38 from the fruit mans wagon.They have put in the window the cardboard sign39 that has a pound measure40pr
27、inted41on each of three edges-10 lbs.,25 lbs.,50 no ice on the fourth.These particular brown girls from Mobile and Aiken are not like some of their sisters.They are not fretful42,nervous,or shrill43;they do not have lovely black necks that stretch as though against an invisible collar44;their eyes d
28、o not bite.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir.They are as sweet and plain as butter cake45.Slim46 ankles;long,narrow feet.They wash themselves with orange-colored Lifebuoy soap,dust47themselves with Cashmere Bouquet talc48,clean their teeth with salt on a piece of
29、 rag,soften their skin with Jergens 38食荚菜豆：一种线状豆类，因其脆嫩的可食性豆子而种植；四季豆，菜豆 39牌，标牌，指示牌；招牌 40计量标准；计量单位 41 To write(something)in characters similar to those commonly used in print.书写：以类似于通常使用的印刷字体的写（东西）42If someone is fretful,they behave in a way that shows that they are worried or unhappy about something.
30、烦躁不安的 43 喧闹的，充满尖叫声的，以尖叫声为特色的;过度的，无节制的 44衣领;颈圈，项链，项饰 45奶油蛋糕 46细长的，修长的，苗条的；纤细的 47撒(粉等)；把(粉末等)撒于上面，播撒，喷撒；喷洒 48滑石粉;爽身粉亦作 talcum powder Lotion49.They smell like wood,newspapers,and vanilla50.They straighten their hair with Dixie Peach51,and part it on the side.At night they curl it in paper from brown ba
31、gs52,tie a print scarf around their heads,and sleep with hands folded across their stomachs.They do not drink,smoke,or swear,and they still call sex53nookey54.They sing second soprano55in the choir,and although their voices are clear and steady,they are never picked to solo.They are in the second ro
32、w,white blouses starched56,blue skirts almost purple from ironing.3.They go to land-grant colleges57,normal schools,and learn how to do the white mans work with refinement:home economics58 to prepare his food;teacher education to instruct black children in obedience;music to soothe the weary master
33、and 49护肤液 50 香草，香子兰：兰花科中各种各样香子兰 属的美洲热带藤本植物中的一种，尤其是扁叶香子兰，因其可提取调味剂的细长心皮而培育 51 Dixie Peach Hair Pomade(润发脂；润发油)was a popular pomade in the USA from World War II through the 1960s with teenage boys.52棕色食品纸袋 53性交，性行为 54 Nooky=nookie：slang for sexual intercourse【粗俗俚语】性交,交配,性交时的女性 55女高音声部 56浆硬(衣服等)57（以开授有关
34、农业和机械技术课程为条件而)接受政府拨赠土地的学院(或大学)58 复数，用作单数或复数 家政学;家政学指导(或实践)entertain his blunted59soul.Here they learn the rest of the lesson begun in those soft60 houses with porch swings and pots of bleeding heart:how to behave.The careful development of thrift,patience,high61morals,and good manners.In short,how t
35、o get rid of the funkiness62.The dreadful funkiness of 59 Blunt：To make less effective;weaken 使迟钝；使减弱 blunting the criticism with a smile 用微笑冲淡批评 60安稳的；舒适的 61(性格、品质等)高尚的，崇高的，高洁的 62“Funkiness”is obviously an important word in our text.It is repeated three times in the next sentence,and the word“funk”
36、is capitalized in Para.4.Yet,it is hard to explain the exact meaning of this term,and even harder to find a single Chinese equivalent for it.“Funky”has several meanings.It is associated with a jazz style having an earthy quality derived from early blues or gospel music.It may mean unconventional,ecc
37、entric,offbeat,etc.It also may mean very emotional,informal,relaxed,casual,etc.Funk is associated with spontaneity and sensuality.A number of Chinese terms may be applied to describe“funky”：自然原始的，朴实的，本性的，感官的，非传统的，奇特的，无拘束的，非正式的，即兴的，随意的，朴实无华的,质朴无华的,胆战心惊的,惊恐的；恐慌的;害怕的;有恶臭的,刺鼻的;有霉臭味的;感人的（音乐）;古怪的;时髦的;etc.
38、When asked which words in the English language are the most difficult to define precisely,a lexicographer would surely mention funky.The meaning of funky seems well captured by Geneva Smitherman in Talkin and Testifyin:The Language of Black America,where she states that funky means“related to the bl
39、ue notes or blue mood created in jazz,blues,and soul music passion,the funkiness of nature,the funkiness of generally,down-to-earth soulfully expressed sounds;by extension related to the real nitty-gritty or fundamental essence of life,soul to the max.”Be that as it may,funky is first recorded in 17
40、84 in a reference to musty,old,moldy cheese.Funky then developed the sense“smelling strong or bad,”which could be used to describe body odor.But funky was applied to jazz,tooa usage explained in 1959 by one F.Newton in Jazz Scene:“Critics are on the search for something a little more like the old,or
41、iginal,passion-laden blues:the trade-name which has been suggested for it is funky(literally:smelly,.symbolizing the return from the upper atmosphere to the physical,down-to-earth reality).”Funky comes from the earlier noun funk,which meant“a strong smell or stink.”This noun can probably be traced b
42、ack to the Latin word,“smoke.”当被问及英语中最难准确定义的是哪些词时，词典编纂者肯定会提到 funky 这个词。Funky 的含义似乎被热纳瓦史密斯曼在 语言和证明：美国黑人语言一节中解释得很清楚，她认为 funky 指“主要在爵士乐、布鲁斯歌曲、灵乐这些发自灵魂深处的音乐中创造出的音符式的忧郁；由此延伸为与生命本质精髓有关的，表现美国黑人及其文化特点到极致的。”Funky 最早可能被记录于 1784 年，用于指发霉的、过期的奶酪。后来，funky 引申到这层意思“闻起来强烈或有异味的，”可以用来形容身体的气味。但 funky 也用于指爵士乐方面，这种用法于 19
43、59 年在一位名叫 F牛顿的人的书爵士舞台 中有所解释：“批评家们正在找一种有些更象原始的、激情洋溢的老布鲁斯歌曲一样的东西：用来表现后的词就是有气息的（字面意义：有气味的，也就是说，从高高在上的格调降回到自然而率直的风格）。”Funky 一词来自较早出现的名词 funk，意为“一种刺鼻的气味或臭味”。这个词可能可追溯到拉丁词fumus，“烟”the wide range of human emotions.4.Wherever it erupts,this Funk,they wipe it away;where it crusts,they dissolve it;wherever it
44、drips,flowers,or clings,they find it and fight it until it dies.They fight this battle all the way to the grave.The laugh that is a little too loud;the enunciation a little too round;the gesture a little too generous.They hold their behind in for fear of a sway too free;when they wear lipstick,they
45、never cover the entire mouth for fear of lips too thick,and they worry,worry,worry about the edges of their hair.5.They never seem to have boyfriends,but they always marry.Certain men watch them,without seeming to,and know that if such a girl is in his house,he will sleep on sheets boiled63white,hun
46、g out to dry on juniper64bushes,and pressed flat with a heavy iron.There will be pretty paper flowers decorating the picture of his mother,a large Bible in the front room65.They feel secure.They know their work clothes will be mended,washed,and ironed on Monday,that their Sunday shirts will billow66
47、on hangers from the door jamb67,stiffly starched68and white.They look at her hands and know what she will do with biscuit dough;they smell the coffee and the fried 63boil 用煮沸方法为消毒(或净化)64杜松：任何一种桧 属的常青乔木或灌木，有针状或鳞状的尖叶和气味芳香、色泽蓝灰、形状象浆果、含种子的球果 65 前屋；尤指起居室 66 To swell out or bulge 膨胀或隆起；鼓起，扬起 sheets billow
48、ing in the breeze.床单被微风吹开 67 边框；门侧柱；jamb 门窗的侧柱 68 给上浆，使浆硬 Starch my shirts collar,please.请把我的衬衣领浆硬。ham;see the white,smoky grits69 with a dollop70of butter on top.Her hips assure them that she will bear children easily and painlessly.And they are right.6.What they do not know is that this plain brow
49、n girl will build her nest stick71by stick,make it her own inviolable world,and stand guard72 over its every plant,weed,and doily73,even against him.In silence will she return the lamp to where she put it in the first place;remove the dishes from the table as soon as the last bite is taken;wipe the
50、doorknob after a greasy hand has touched it.A sidelong74look will be enough to tell him to smoke on the back porch75.Children will sense instantly that they cannot come into her yard to retrieve 76a ball.But the men do not know these things.Nor do they know that she will give him her body sparingly7