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1、成人学位英语考试真题及答案解析二材料题（江南博哥）Questions1-3are based on the following passage.If the Dakota Access Pipeline(输油管道) is completed, it will carry nearly half a million bar-rels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $ 3.8 billion project, hopes to
2、 finish construction this year. But the Standing Rock Sioux, an American Indian tribe( 部落), is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (76)Both sides show no signs of backing down.The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock S
3、ioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux b
4、egan a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thou-sands of people, including people from American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest.ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Work-ers
5、 will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (阀) within three minutes if leaks are detected.American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards
6、 hired by the company.(77)Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with thepipeline construction.1单选题Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create more markets for oil and gas.B.The Dakota Access Pipeline will cr
7、eate many job opportunities.C.American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline.D.American Indians fight for equal voting rights.正确答案：C参考解析：【内容概要】本文介绍了达科塔输油管道建设和美国印第安部落立岩苏族之间的矛盾。文中列出了双方的观点和分歧，也给出了在警方介入后事态的发展。【参考译文】如果达科塔输油管道完工，每天近50万桶原油将跨越四个州进行输送。这项价值38亿的工程的幕后主导者位于德克萨斯州的天然气存储和运输公司(ETP)，希望在今
8、年完成工程的建设工作。但是一个美国印第安部落立岩苏族决定要中止1172英里长的输油管道的修建。双方都没有表示妥协的迹象。达科塔输油管道工程是在2014年宣布的。其中一段管道离立岩苏族保护区非常近。保护区是为美国印第安人保留的一片地区。部落认为管道建设可能会破坏历史风貌和古代墓地。他们同时认为管道可能会污染当地的主要水源密苏里河。立岩苏族从四月份起开始了反对该工程的抗议活动。他们在建设工地扎营。此后，几千人，包括美国其他印第安部落的人们纷纷来到工地加入抗议大军。ETP说管道的建设有安全措施来防止管道泄漏。工人们可以进行远程监控，如果发现有泄露，他们可以在3分钟之内关上阀门。美国印第安人的非暴力抗
9、议活动已经持续了几个月。当警方上周介入抗议者和公司武装保安人员之间进行调和时，抗议活动出现了新的进展。之后有28人被捕，并被指控妨碍了输油管道的建设。【精解精析】【定位】第一段第二句话“Energy Transfer Partnershopes to finish construction this year”；第三句话“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an Amefican Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipefine from being built”和第四句话“Bom sides show n
10、o signs of back-ing down”。【答案详解】主旨题。题干问的是“下列哪项表达了本文的大意?”根据定位句第一句“ETP公司期望在今年内完成输油管道建设”，第三句“立岩苏族决定要中止1172英里长的输油管道的修建”，第四句“双方都没有妥协的迹象”可知双方矛盾所在。A项“达科塔输油管道将为原油和天然气创造更多市场”；B项“达科塔输油管道将创造更多就业机会”；D项“美国印第安人为平等投票权而战”在文中均没有提及。故选C。2单选题ETP hopes to finish this project in_.A.2016B.2017C.2018D.2019正确答案：A参考解析：【定位】第一
11、段第二句话“Energy Transfer Partnershopes to finish construction mis year”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“ETP公司希望在哪一年完成工程建设?”定位句指出“ETP公司期望在今年内完成输油管道建设”。由于今年是2016年，故选A。3单选题Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?A.Because it will cost up to $ 3.8 billion.B.Because it threatens the region
12、 s water supply.C.Because it will make many people lose their jobs.D.Because it will force many people to leave their homes.正确答案：B参考解析：【定位】第二段第五句话“They also say the pipefine could pollute their main water source， the Missouri River”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“为什么美国印第安人抗议反对输油管道的建设?”根据定位句“他们同时认为管道可能会污染当地的主要水源密苏里
13、河”可知，印第安人反对管道建设的一个原因是担心管道会污染水源。A项“因为工程耗资达38亿”，不是印第安人抗议的原因；C项“因为很多人会因此失业”和D项“这将迫使很多人离开家园”均未在文中提及，故选B。4单选题According to the passage, the workers can_ in case of pipeline leaks.A.report it to the local governmentB.ask people to leave the leak affected areasC.call 911D.close valves正确答案：D参考解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“
14、Workers will also monitor it remotely，and will be able to close valves within three minutes if leaks are detected”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“根据文章，出现管道泄漏时，工人可以如何应对?”定位句“工人们可以进行远程监控，如果发现有泄露，他们可以在3分钟之内关上阀门。”表明工人可以关闭阀门。A项“向当地政府汇报”；B项“让人们离开泄漏影响地区”；C项“打电话给911”，均未在文中提及。故选D。5单选题According to the passage, which of the
15、following statements is NOT TRUE?A.This pipeline will cross four states.B.This pipeline is 1,179. miles long.C.All the protesters are from the Standing Rock Sioux.D.Neither side of the dispute is willing to compromise.正确答案：C参考解析：【定位】第一段第一句话“If the Dakota Access Pipeline is completed，it will carry ne
16、arly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day”；第一段第三句话“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an American Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipeline from be-ing built”；第二段最后一句话“Since then，thousands of people，including people from other American Indian tribes，have Raveled to th
17、e site to join the protest”；第一段最后一句话“Both sides show no signs of backing down”。【答案详解】综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪个表述不正确?”根据定位句分别得出四个选项：A项“如果达科塔输油管道完工，每天近50万桶原油将跨越四个州进行输送。”；B项“立岩苏族决定要中止1172英里长的输油管道的修建”；C项“此后，几千人，包括美国其他印第安部落的人们纷纷来到工地加入抗议大军。”；D项“双方都没有表示妥协的迹象。”。A、B、D三个选项均符合文中表述，只有C项不完全符合，故选C。【高频词汇】1billionn十亿 2
18、tribe n部落 3pipeline，n管道4back down妥协；退让 5set aside留出；保留 6historical adj历史的71eak vn泄漏8nonviolent adj非暴力的9interfere v干涉，妨碍【难句解析】(至)Energy Transfer Partners(ETP)，a Texasbased company behind the$38 billion project，hopes to finish construction this year本句是一个简单句。a Texas-based company behind the$38 billion
19、project作为ETP公司的同位语，一方面说明了公司的背景，另一方面也表明了在管道工程中ETP所起的作用。The protest took a turn last week when police were called to ke印the peace between protest-ers and armed security guards hired by the company本句是一个时间状语从句，主句是The protest took a turn last week，从句是police were called to keep the peace between protester
20、s and armed security guards hired by the company 。从句为被动态，主语是police。take a turn“转折”；call to“呼唤”；hire“雇佣”。材料题Questions 6-6are based on the following passage.As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary(周年纪念), President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national m
21、onument, and the expansion(扩大)of another. In Maine, more than 87,500 acres of forest will become government-protected parkland for the first time. In Hawaii, a national monument created by President George W. Bush in 2006 will expand to about 582,578 square miles, four times its current size.Obama h
22、as now created or enlarged 26 national monuments during his presidency. As a result,his administration says, Obama has protected more of the nation s land than any other president has. But some residents and officials, in both Maine and Hawaii, object to the plans. (78)Theysay their local economies
23、depend on the use of these areas.In establishing this monument, Obama took the side of conservationists ( 自然资源保护者)who want laws to protect wild lands. Creating a national park usually requires the approval of Con-gress. But a 1906 federal law allows the president to establish national monuments on h
24、is own.The land s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there. (79)It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting.Some of Maine s politicians who want to protect the state s logging industries say Obama should not have act
25、ed alone. They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land, especially when people s jobs are at stake. Maine politician Susan Collins said the president should have listened to Maine lawmakers and residents, as well as to the U. S. Congress before making his decision.However, th
26、ose who support the president s decision say the establishment of the new monu-ment will lead to new jobs through tourism.6单选题Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Creating New JobsB.Protecting Wild AnimalsC.Stimulating Local EconomiesD.Creating New National Monuments正确答案：D参考解析：
27、【内容概要】本文介绍了美国总统奥巴马在建立和扩建国家公园上做出的政绩，但是受到了部分来自于缅因州和夏威夷地区民众的反对。文中列出了支持和反对奥马巴政策的人的不同意见。【参考译文】在美国国家公园管理处庆祝100周年纪念之际，巴拉克奥巴马总统宣布将新建一处并扩建另一处国家公园。在缅因州，超过87，500英亩森林将首次成为政府保护性公园用地。在夏威夷，乔治W布什总统在2006批准建立的一处国家公园将扩建至582，578平方英里，面积将达到目前的四倍。在其任期内，奥巴马已经新建或扩建了26处国家公园。因此，政府官员称与历任总统相比，奥巴马保护了更多的国家土地资源。但是，来自缅因州和夏威夷的一些居民和官
28、员则反对这些计划。他们说他们当地的经济依赖于这些土地的使用。在建立国家公园方面，奥巴马支持自然资源保护者的观点：即需要依靠法律来保护野生土地。建立国家公园通常需要议会的批准。但是一项1906联邦法律赋予了总统自行建立国家公园的权利。成为国家公园用地的土地禁止用于采矿和钻探。这也会严格限制诸如伐木、修建道路和狩猎这样的活动。缅因州那些想要保护本州伐木业的政治家认为奥巴马不应该独断专行。他们说白宫不应该干涉各州对土地的使用，特别是当威胁到当地人就业的时候。缅因政治家苏珊科林斯说总统在做出决定之前应该听听缅因州立法人、居民，以及美国议会等各方的意见。然而，支持总统决定的人认为建立新的国家公园会通过旅
29、游业创造更多的就业机会。【精解精析】【定位】第一段第一句话“As the National Park Service celebrates its lOOth anniversary，President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new nafional monument，and the expansion of another”。【答案详解】主旨题。题干问的是“下列哪个最适合做文章的标题?”根据定位句“在美国国家公园管理处庆祝100周年纪念之际，巴拉克奥巴马总统宣布将新建一处并扩建另一处国家公园。”可知本文将重点讨
30、论国家公园的新建和扩建问题。A项“创造新的工作”；B项“保护野生动物”；C项“刺激当地经济”；D项“建立新的国家公园”，只有D项最接近。故选D。7单选题Obama has established or enlarged _ national monuments during his two terms.A.19B.20C.26D.30正确答案：C参考解析：【定位】第二段第一句话“Obama has now created or enlarged 26 nafional monuments dur-ing his presidency”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“在两届任期内，奥巴马已经建
31、立或改建了多少处国家公园?”根据定位句“在其任期内，奥巴马已经新建或扩建了26处国家公园。”可知为26处。故选C。8单选题In national monuments, _ is forbidden.A.loggingB.huntingC.miningD.road-building正确答案：C参考解析：【定位】第四段第一句话“The lands new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“在国家公园内，哪些事是禁止的?”根据定位句“成
32、为国家公园用地的土地禁止用于采矿和钻探。”可知采矿(C项)和钻探是被禁止的，而伐木(A项)、狩猎(B项)和修路(D项)是被限制的，故选C。9单选题The phrase at stake in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_.A.in returnB.in dangerC.at presentD.by chance正确答案：B参考解析：【定位】第四段倒数第二句话“They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land，especially when peoples job
33、s are at stake”。【答案详解】词汇题。题干问的是“第四段的at stake词组最接近哪个意思?”定位句“他们说白宫不应该干涉各州对土地的使用，特别是当威胁到当地人就业的时候。”表明at stake有“威胁”的意思。A项“回报”；B项“危险”；C项“目前”；D项“偶尔”。故选B。10单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.The national monument in Hawaii was created by President Bush.B.There is no
34、 objection to President Obama s decision.C.President Obama made this decision on his own.D.The establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs.正确答案：B参考解析：【定位】第一段最后一句话“In Hawaii，a national monument created by President George WBush in 2006”；第二段第三句话“But some residents and officials，object to t
35、heplans”；第四段第三句话“Some of Maines politiciansay Obama should not have acted alone”；最后一段“those who suppoa the presidentS decision saywill lead to new jobs”。【答案详解】综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪项表述不正确?”根据定位句“在夏威夷，乔治W布什总统在2006批准建立的一处国家公园”可知A项正确；根据定位句“但是，来自缅因州和夏威夷的一些居民和官员则反对这些计划。”可知B项不符合文意；根据定位句“有些缅因州政治家认为奥巴马不应该独断专行
36、。”可知C项正确；根据定位句“支持总统决定的人认为新的国家公园的建立会创造更多的就业机会。”可知D项正确。故选B。【高频词汇】1anniversary n周年纪念 2monument n纪念碑，纪念堂3expansion n扩大4approval n批准；同意5severely adv严重地 6at stake危险；威胁【难句解析】In establishing this monument，Obama took the side of conservationists who want laws to protect wild lands本句为简单句。句首由介词In引导的介词短语作状语，要注意
37、，介词后面跟动词，动词需用动名词形式。take the side of“同意；赞同”。They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land，especially when peo-pies jobs are at stake本句为宾语从句，say后面的that省略了。从句部分内有when引导的时间状语分句作状语。要注意，Washington(华盛顿)是美国首都，在这里指代美国总统办公地。中文中常用白宫进行指代，故翻译时可译为白宫。at stake“威胁；危险”。材料题Questions 11-11are bas
38、ed on the following passage.Toronto s third City Hall, now known as Old City Hall, was designed by Edward James Len-nox and declared open on Sept.18,1899.Created to provide more space for city officials, it turned out to be the largest building in the city and the largest city building in North Amer
39、ica at the time.Lennox took three years to design the City Hall and it took 11 years to build it. Contemporaries believe that the odd carvings (雕刻) above the Queen Street entrance were actually caricatures(漫画) of councilors at the time.Lennox even included himself in the caricatures, on the west sid
40、e of the central arch ( 拱门 ),and left a strange signature in the stonework of the link portions of the building.The third City Hall was originally used as councilors offices and legal offices, but it is used only as a courthouse today.When the fourth City Hall (the one we know today) was declared op
41、en in 1965, Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down. It was saved by a group of people called the Friends of Old City Hall. The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street, rather than with the center of the building. The bells in the tower were not installed until the building
42、opened. Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.(80)The entire structure cost more than $ 2.5 million to build at the time.This is equal to $ 53 million today.11单选题Torontos third City Hall came into use in_.A.the 18th centuryB.the 19th centuryC.the 20th centuryD.the 21st century正确答案：B参考
43、解析：【内容概要】本文介绍了多伦多第三市政厅。从它的设计、建设、特色到用途都做了介绍。同时也对今天第三市政厅的保护状态进行了说明。【参考译文】多伦多第三市政厅，现在称为旧市政厅，是由爱德华詹姆斯尼诺克斯设计并于1899年9月18日开放。为了给城市官员提供更多的工作空间，这座市政厅成为当时全城最大的建筑和北美最大的市政建筑。尼诺克斯花了3年的时间来设计这座市政厅，而建设周期更长达11年。当代人相信市政厅皇后街入口上方奇特的雕刻实际上是当时市议员的漫画形象。尼诺克斯甚至把自己也雕入漫画人物中，就在中央拱门的西侧，同时在建筑连接部分的石墙上留下一个奇怪的签名。第三市政厅原先是作为市议员办公处和法律官
44、员办公处使用的，但今天只用作一个法庭。当第四市政厅(即今天我们熟悉的那座)在1965年开放使用时，老市政厅面临着被拆除的危险。后来，这座市政厅被称为“老市政厅之友”的群体拯救了。钟楼与贝街中心点平行，而不是与市政厅的中心平行。直到建筑开放，钟楼内的钟才安装上。老市政厅在1989年被认定为历史遗迹。当时整个建筑花费了250万美元。这相当于今天的5300万美元。【精解精析】【定位】第一段“Torontos third City Hall，and declared open on Sept18，1899”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“多伦多第三市政厅在哪一年投入使用?”根据定位句“多伦多第三市政
45、厅于1899年9月18日开放”可知，市政厅是在1899年投入使用。1899年属于l9世纪，故选B。12单选题Old City Hall was constructed in _ years.A.3B.7C.9D.11正确答案：D参考解析：【定位】第三段第一句“it took 11 years to build it”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“老市政厅修建了多少年?”根据定位句“建设周期更长达11年”可知，共花了11年。故选D。13单选题The third City Hall is now used as a_.A.middle schoolB.hospitalC.cinemaD.cou
46、rthouse正确答案：D参考解析：【定位】第五段“but it is used only as a courthouse today”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“第三市政厅目前作为什么使用?”根据定位句“但今天只用作一个法庭。”可知目前只作为法庭使用。故选D。14单选题From the passage we learn that_.A.Toronto spends lots of money yearly developing the cityB.some local residents showed a great interest in protecting the city s
47、cultural siteC.the City Council of Toronto hasn t paid sufficient attention to the protection of the city scultureD.the City Hall is still the largest city building in North America today正确答案：B参考解析：【定位】第六段最后一句话“It was saved by a group of people called theFriends of Old City Hall”。【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“从文中，我们可得知什么?”根据定位句“一这座市政厅被称为老市政厅之友的群体拯救了。”可知B项是正确的。A项“多伦多每年花大量的钱来发展城市”，文中没有提及；C项“多伦多市政府对城市文化的保护没有给予足够的重视”，这与倒数第二段最后一句将老市政厅列为历史遗迹不符；D项“今天，市政厅仍是北美最大的城市建筑”，第二段中提到老市政厅曾经是北美最大的市政建筑，但对今天的情况并没有提到。综合考虑，故选B。15单选题Which of the following statem