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1、.2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is u
2、ndoubtedly very _1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to _4_:a patient parent.Children of eve
3、ry age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_ every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy _6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _7_ and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can _8_ you just a l
4、ittle too far.And then the _9_ happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too _10_ and does nobody any good.You wish that you could _11_ the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its important to keep in mind that in a
5、 single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may _13_ for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also _14_ your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your _15_ with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emoti
6、onal control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the _16_ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when _17_ by stress is one of
7、the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly _18_ to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with _19_ situations involving your children.I can promise you th
8、is:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and _20_ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky 2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident 3.A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D e
9、ventually 4.A amuse B assist C describe D train 5.A while B because C unless D once 6.A answer B task C choice D access 7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical 8.A move B drag C push D send 9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable 10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague 11.A turn back B tak
10、e apart C set aside D cover up 12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise 13.A like B miss C believe D regret 14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect.15.A time B bond C race D cool 16.A nature B secret C importance D context 17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted 18.A terrible B hard C st
11、range D wrong 19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising 20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1 Rats a
12、nd other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect socia
13、l signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social r
14、obot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by
15、pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behavi
16、ours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the
17、 same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We d assumed we d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasnt necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped
18、 with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other an
19、imals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_ A pickup social signals from non-living rats.B distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one C attain sociable traits through special training D send out warning messages to their fellow 22.What did the asocial
20、 robot do during the experiment?A It followed the social robot.BIt played with some toys.C It set the trapped rats free.DIt moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they_ A tried to practice a means of escape B expected it to do the same in return C wanted
21、to display their intelligence Dconsidered that an interesting game 24.James Wiles notes that rats_ Acan remember other rats facial features B differentiate smells better than sizes C respond more to cations than to looks Dcan be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25.It can be learned from the text th
22、at rats_ Aappear to be adaptable to new surroundings B are more socially active than other animals C behave differently from children in socializing Dare more sensitive to social cues than expected Text 2 It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on a
23、verage,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent
24、 in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game rela
25、tive to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Todays CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations
26、skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly m
27、ind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governance has become a
28、lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”.Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are p
29、aid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value
30、not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A The growth in the number of corporations B The general pay rise with a better economy C Increased business opportunities for top firms D Close cooperation among leading economies 27.Compared with their predecessors,toda
31、ys CEOs are required to_ A foster a stronger sense of teamwork B finance more research and development C establish closer ties with tech companies D operate more globalized companies 28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite_ A continual internal opposition B strict corporate governance C c
32、onservative business strategies D Repeated government warnings 29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps_ A confirm the status of CEOs B motivate inside candidates C boost the efficiency of CEOs D increase corporate value 30.The most suitable title for this text would be_ A CEOs Are
33、 Not Overpaid B CEO Pay:Past and Present C CEOs challenges of Today D CEO Traits:Not Easy to Define Text 3 Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city co
34、uncil suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city s decision to stop levying fin
35、es,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zones future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cle
36、aning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big
37、issue in next years mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless.Far f
38、rom it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less ca
39、ncer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars
40、 out of certain areas-city centers,school streets,even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.Wer
41、e doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrids clean air zone?A Its effects are questionable BIt has been opposed by a judge C It needs tougher enforcement D Its fate is yet to be decided 32.Which is considered a weakness of the c
42、ity-level measures to tackle dirty air?A They are biased against car manufacturers.B They prove impractical for city councils.C They are deemed too mild for politicians.D They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will.A arouse strong r
43、esistance.B ensure Khans electoral success.C improve the city s traffic.D discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A Local residents BMayors.C Councilors.D National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.A will
44、 raise low-emission car production Bshould be forced to follow regulations C will upgrade the design of their vehicles D should be put under public supervision Text4 Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bor
45、n after 1995,give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market thats tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year
46、 than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If entitled is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to mill
47、ennials(those.born between 1981 and 1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and expert who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years,Gen Zs know what an econom
48、ic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They arent interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious
49、 urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5 trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a 2019 survey of University
50、 of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose).Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life