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1、本科毕业设计（论文）本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译中英文对照翻译院（系部）电气工程与自动化专业名称电气工程及其自动化年级班级学生姓名指导老师2013 年 6 月 1 日河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书Elevator System Based on PLCComposed by the order of relay control system is a realization of the first elevatorcontrol method。However,to enter the nineties,with the development of science andtechn
2、ology and the widespread application of computer technology，the safety of elevators，reliability of the increasingly high demand on the relay control weaknesses are becomingevident.Elevator control system relays the failure rate high，greatly reduces the reliability andsafety of elevators,and escalato
3、rs stopped often to take with the staff about the inconvenienceand fear。And the event rather than taking the lift or squat at the end of the lift will not onlycause damage to mechanical components,but also personal accident may occur。Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）is the first order logic control
4、 in accordancewith the needs of developed specifically for industrial environment applications to operate theelectronic digital computing device。The PLC biggest characteristics lie in:The electricalengineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost，aslong as ord
5、er the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order tolink the PLC up can solve problem,pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine orcontrol the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances,but the exportationequipments direct conjunction
6、 of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU，and take to have an I/O forexpand of exterior to connect a peoples address and saving machine three big pieces toconstitute，CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute,mathematics that they have the lo
7、gic operation ability，and can read the procedure save thecontents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/Os to connect afterpass the calculation;The I/O add inner part is tired the input and output system of themachine and exterior link，and deposit the related data into the proc
8、edure saving machine ordata saving machine;The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/O input in the savingmachine,and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/O to connect,saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM anddates，the ROM can
9、 do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine,but RAM onlyfor the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space。1河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书The PLC anti-interference is very and excellent,our root need not concern its servicelife and the work situation bad，these all problems
10、have already no longer become the topicthat we fail,but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLCto strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us,make our equipments more gentle。PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or l
11、anguage ofCs to carry on weaving the distance，but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is originalafter the electric appliances to control，make the electrical engineering teacher whileweaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language,and a lot ofnon electricity professional a
12、lso very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Given its advantages,at present，the relay control the lift has been gradually replaced byPLC control。At the same time,AC variable frequency motor speed control technology，theway the lift drag speed has been a gradual transition form DC to AC frequenc
13、y converter.Thus,PLC control technology increases VVVF Elevator modern technology has become ahot industry。1.PLC elevator control advantages：（1)Used in elevator control PLC，with so ware for automatic control of lift operation,reliability greatly increased。（2）Layer was removed and majority of the rel
14、ay,the control system structure issimple,simplify the external circuit.（3）PLC can be a variety of complex control system，easy to add or change controlfunctions。(4）PLC can be automated fault detection and alarm display to improve the operation ofsecurity and ease of maintenance.（5）For the group contr
15、ol the allocation and management，and improve the efficiencyof elevator operation。（6）Do not need to change the control scheme changes when the hardware connection。2.VVVF elevator control characteristics。With the power electronics,microelectronics and computer technology to control therapid developmen
16、t of technology,communication technology VVVF also a very rapid rate。AC variable frequency motor speed control technology is the power to improve the process inorder to improve product quality and improving the environment and promoting technological2河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书progress as a primary means.Freq
17、uency of its excellent performance and the speed brakefrom a smooth performance,high efficiency,high power factor and power-saving of a broadscope of application and many other advantages of being at home and abroad recognized asthe most promising approach speed。Exchange characteristics of VVVF Elev
18、ator：（1）low energy consumption.(2)low load circuit，the re emergency power supply device of small。In the acceleration stage,the required start up current of less than 2.5 times the ratedcurrent.Peak starting current and time is short.Since the starting current is drastically reduced,so power consumpt
19、ion and power supply cable diameter can be reduced a lot。Required foremergency power supply devices are also relatively small size.(3）high reliability and long service life.(4)good comfort.Elevator operation is best to follow the speed curve of a given operation。Theircharacteristics can be adapted t
20、o human feelings,and to ensure that noise operation,smoothbrake Ping layer and high precision。(5）stable noisefree.（6)In the car，the engine room and adjacent areas to ensure that noise.Because theirsystems use a high clock frequency。Always produce a true sine wave power supply currentyet.Motor torque
21、 ripple does not appear.Therefore,to eliminate vibration and noise.3.Elevator control technology。The so-called elevator control technology refers to the elevator drive system andelectrical control system of automatic control。70 as the 20th century in Chinas elevatorwere marked by the exchange of two
22、-speed elevator。Its speed is used to change the elevatortraction motor of the very few,two or mutelevel approach to the number of windings，veryfew of them as high-speed winding of the winding,a very few number of windings as thelow-speed winding。Windings for high-speed elevatorspeed start-up and run
23、ning，lowspeed windings for braking and the maintenance of elevators.The early 80s,VVVF inverter controlled variable lift system available.It uses AC motordrivers,are able to reach the level of DC motor，control the speed of the current has reached3河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书6 m/sec。Its small size，light weight，
24、high efficiency,energy saving，inc1uding the pastalmost all the advantages of the lift.Is the latest elevator drive systemOperation in vertical lift,there is also the starting point of the terminus station。Formore than threestory elevator buildings，the starting point of the terminal stations andstops
25、 between the had not,the starting point for these stations at the first floor of the terminallocated at the highest floor。Starting point in the first floor of the station known as basestations,known as the starting point at both ends of the terminal stations and stations at bothends of intermediate
26、stops between stations.Outside the station has a call box，box set are used by staff for elevator call button ortouch the call button,the general ends of the lift stations in the call box on the Settings buttonor touch of a button.1iddle layer of the station set up the call box button or touch button
27、 2。No drivers for the control of elevators,at various stations are set up calls me on a button ortouch button.Elevator car and the internal settings(except for debris elevator）to manipulateme.Control box switch on the handle or set up stations and the corresponding layer of buttonsor touchbutton con
28、trol box on the touch control button or command button or touch thecity button.Outside the command button or touch-button issue as the signal outside thecommand signal,within the command button or touch-button issue within the signal as acommand signal。80 In the mid20th century,the touch button has
29、been replaced bymicro-button。As the elevator call box outside the base station，in addition to set up a call button ortouch button,but a1so set a key switch in order to work the elevator clearance.Drivers ormanagement staff to open the elevator to the base station can wriggle through a dedicated keyt
30、o the key switch.Close the elevator in place to autocratically cut off the elevator controlpower supply or power supply。4.PLC Control Elevator Design。With the continuous development of urban construction,the increasing highrisebuildings，elevators and life in the national economy has a broad applicat
31、ion.Elevatorhighrise buildings as a means of transport in the vertical run of daily life have beeninextricably linked with people.In fact the lift is based on external call control signals，aswell as the laws of their own，such as running,and the cal1 is random，the lift is actually aman-machine intera
32、ctive control system，simple to use control or logic control order can not4河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书meet the control requirement，and therefore，elevator control system uses a random controllogic。Elevator control is current1y generally used in two ways,first,the use of computer asa signal control unit,the comp
33、letion of the lift signal acquisition,operation and function ofthe se,to achieve the lift and set the autocratic scheduling function to run the election，dragthe control from inverter to complete；the second control mode withprogrammable logiccontroller(PLC)to replace the computer control signal sets
34、the election。From the controland performance，these two types of methods and there is no significant difference.Most ofthe domestic manufacturers to choose the second approach,because the smaller scale ofproduction there design and manufacture of high cost of computer control devices;and PLChigh reli
35、abi1ity，convenient and flexible program design，antiinterference ability,stableand reliable operation of the characteristics of Therefore，the elevator control system is nowwidely used to realize programmable control.5。Lift control system.Lift control system is used to manipulate each control process
36、by managing suchcommands as running direction，car call,landing call，load signal,landing indication,safetyprotection.Lifts in different applications have different load,speed and drive/control modes。Lifts in same application may also have different control mode。Whatever control mode isadopted，the obj
37、ective is the same,to be specific,according to car call and landing call，liftcontrol system will execute automatic logic judgment to determine which lift will receivesignal,which direction lift will run towards and complete programmed control objectivethrough electrical automatic system based on com
38、mand。Types of lift control system。Control system development chronicle indicates that there has appeared many controlmodes,such as such as relay control,PLC,single computer control,multiple-computercontrol.Prevailing in different era，these control modes are still employed in lifts now dueto massive
39、integrated circuit and computer technology development.PLC control system.As abbreviation of programmable logic controller,PLC is an electronic system featuringdigital computation.It adopts programmable EPROM to execute logic computation,order5河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书control，timing,number counting,arithmet
40、ic computation，besides，it can input and outputthrough digital or analogy modes。The mechanism of PLC control is as follows：input of PLC includes such commandsignals，as power key to home landing，car call，landing call,various safety switches,position signal，while output of PLC includes contactor,relay，
41、indicators of car/landingsand communication unitary，indicators inside car andswitch,position signal，are input toPC，while other executing com。Programming principle is determined by lift control mode.Programming can either bemade according to relay logic control circuit or individually in different ph
42、ases according tolift control functions after completely separating from relay control circuit.Based on theready made control circuit,the former is simple and easy to master,while the latter involvesless programs by integrating programs of small function.Used in lift control system，PLC has such adva
43、ntages，as high reliability，stability,easy programming，user-friendliness，convenient maintenance inspection.Nowadays，there is a wide range and series of programmable logic controllers。Input/output points range from 30 to 8000 or above,so as to meet lift control requirements withdifferent landing numbe
44、r.6河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书PLCPLC 控制下的电梯系统控制下的电梯系统由继电器组成的顺序控制系统是最早的一种实现电梯控制的方法.但是，进入九十年代，随着科学技术的发展和计算机技术的广泛应用，人们对电梯的安全性、可靠性的要求越来越高，继电器控制的弱点就越来越明显。电梯继电器控制系统故障率高，大大降低了电梯的可靠性和安全性,经常造成停梯,给乘用人员带来不便和惊忧。且电梯一旦发生冲顶或蹲底,不但会造成电梯机械部件损坏，还可能出现人身事故。可编程序控制器（PLC）最早是根据顺序逻辑控制的需要而发展起来的,是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。PLC 的最大特点在于：电气工
45、程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计，只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到 PLC 的输入点上就能解决问题,通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备，而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。PLC 的内部包含了具有中央处理器的 CPU，并带有外部 I/O 口扩展的 I/O 接口地址和存储器三大块组成，CPU 的核心是由一个或者多个累加器组成，它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力，并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驱动相应的存储器和 I/O 接口；I/O口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来,并将相关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中;存储器可以将I/O口输入的数据存入存储器中,并在工作时调
46、转到累加器和 I/O 接口上，存储器分程序存储器 ROM 和数据存储器 RAM，ROM 可以将数据永久的存入存储器中,而 RAM 只能作为 CPU 计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。PLC 的抗干扰是极其优秀的，我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣，这些所有的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题，而留给我们的是关心如何来利用 PLC 的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力,使我们的设备更加的柔性。PLC 的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或 C 语言来进行编程，而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图,使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了 PLC 的语言，而且很多的非电气专业人士也对 PLC 很快认识并深
47、入。鉴于其种种优点，目前电梯的继电器控制方式己逐渐被PLC 控制所代替。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展,电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了交流变频调速。因此,PLC 控制技术加变频调速技术己成为现代电梯行业的一个热点。1.PLC 控制电梯的优点:（1）在电梯控制中采用了 PLC 用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠性大大大提高。7河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书（2）去掉了选层器及大部分继电器，控制系统结构简单,外部线路简化。（3)PLC 可实现各种复杂的控制系统，方便地增加或改变控制功能.（4）可进行故障自动检测与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。（5）用于群控调配和管理
48、，并提高电梯运行效率。（6）更改控制方案时不需改动硬件接线。2.电梯变频调速控制的特点：随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展,交流变频调速技术的发展也十分迅速。电动机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段.变频调速以其优异的调速性能和起制动平稳性能、高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式。交流变频调速电梯的特点:（1)能源消耗低。（2）电路负载低，所需紧急供电装置小。在加速阶段，所需起动电流小于 2.5 倍的额定电流。且起动电流峰值时间短。由于起动电流大幅度减小，故
49、功耗和供电缆线直径可减小很多。所需的紧急供电装置的尺寸也比较小。（3）可靠性高，使用寿命长。(4)舒适感好。电梯运行是跟随最佳给定的速度曲线运行的。其特性可适应人体感受，并保证运行噪声小,制动平稳.(5）平层精度高。（6）运行平稳无噪声在轿厢内，机房内及邻近区域确保噪声小。因为其系统中采用了高时钟频率.始终产生一个不失真的正弦波供电电流。电动机不会出现转距脉动。因此，消除了振动和噪声。3。电梯控制技术。所谓电梯控制技术是指电梯的传动系统及操纵系统的电气自动控制。作为我国 2 0世纪 70 年代电梯的主要标志是交流双速电梯。其调速方法是采用改变电梯牵引电动机的极对数，两种或两种不同级对数的绕组，
50、其中极数少的绕组称为高速绕组，极数多的绕组称为低速绕组。高速绕组用于电梯的起动及稳速运行，低速绕组用于制动及电梯的维修。8河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书80 年代初,VVVF 变频变压系统控制的电梯问世.它采用交流电动机驱动，却可以达到直流电动机的水平，目前控制速度已达 6 米/秒。它的体积小，重量轻，效率高，节省能源等几乎包括了以往电梯的所有优点。是目前最新的电梯拖动系统。电梯在垂直运行过程中，有起点站也有终点站。对于三层楼以上的建筑物的电梯，起点站和终点站之间还没有停靠站,起点站设在一楼，终点站设在最高楼。设在一楼的起点站称为基站，起点站和终点站称为两端站，两端站之间称为中间站.各站厅