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1、职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解理工类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。1 These are their Motives for doing it A. reasons B excuses C answers D plans2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA. twists B. stretchesC. broadens
2、 D. bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people A natural B fatal C tiny D enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation A.maintain B.improve C.assess D protect6 John is collaborating
3、 with Mary in writing an article A cooperating B competing C combining D arguing7 He is determined to conso1idate his power A strengthen B control C abandon D exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems A solving B exploringC settling D handling9 Hearing problems may be allevi
4、ated by changes in diet and exercise habits A removed B cured C worsened D relieved10 Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions B faultsC motions D parts11 The food is insufficient for three peopleA instant B infiniteC inexpensive D inadequate12 Thousands of people per
5、ished in the stormA died B sufferedC floated D scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposal A undoubtedly B certainly C ultimately D necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business A strange B complex C personal D funny15 In Britain and many other countries appra
6、isal is now a tool of management A evaluation B pruduction C efficiency D publicity第2部分：阅读判断 (第1 622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个甸子做出判断。假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句旳信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist as a b
7、earded man in glasses or has the image of the madscientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physicsboffin(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in LondonThe people wereasked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of pos
8、sible suspects98 percent ofthose asked got it wrongThe majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearingglasses and with a white beard While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，thereality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young wome
9、n entering physics hasdoubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31 The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media andHollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboardsfull of equations(等式)or working with fizz
10、ing(嘶嘶响)test tubesThese stereotypes are reallydamaging to societyVery good school children are put off studying science because they dontsee people like themselves on television or in magazines doing scienceThey simply dont relateto the medias image of the mad scientist This is one reason why fewer
11、young people are choosing to do science at universityIf wewant to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image ofthe scientist and make science careers more attractiveBut we must also develop childrensinterest in science In an attempt to change this negative ima
12、ge，an increasing number of science festivals arebeing organizedThousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science OlympiadsWinning national teams then get the opportunity to take p
13、art in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every yearThese events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in scienceIt seems that there is a long way to go before scien
14、ce becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 The media and the cine
15、ma have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21
16、 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子 (第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个对旳旳小标题；(2)第2730题规定从所
17、给旳6个选项中选择4个对旳选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists
18、 in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technologyA mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the
19、next two years，”he told the world2 SeedS announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negativeIn Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US thePresident announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states int
20、he US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banninghuman cloning will threaten important researchIn March，The New England Journal of Medicinecalled any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously
21、mistakenMany researchers alsobelieve that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has beenbombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，te
22、levision shows and films，as well as cartoonsSuchinformation is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will bedoing next5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choos
23、e the person that we want our child to look likeBut how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners askPretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆旳人)第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题背面有4个选项。请根据文章旳内容从每题所给旳4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。第一篇More Than a Ride to School The National
24、 Education Association claims“The school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect thereality of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask LieslDenson. Riding the school bus has been more tha
25、n a ride to school for Liesl Bruce Hardyschool bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesls bus driver sincekindergartenLast year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by hernew residence。she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her l
26、ast year riding the busShe says，”Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is importantMr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel impor
27、tantHer friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he willcelebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company,acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：“You do not come by e
28、mployees like Brucethese days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe wasrecognized in by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accidentfree milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made withthe students that
29、ride his bus” Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has beenproviding quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe serviceto our local sch
30、ool and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service formany more years to come Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyedThanks to drivers likeBruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesls mother Carolalso enjoys fond memo
31、ries of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District31 The word“mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by E vehicle” F device” G “need” H “reflection”32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company A for 30 years B for 70 years C since last year D since 33 Which of the f
32、ollowing statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? A He is popular with his passengers B He has never missed a day of work C He is an impatient person D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles34 Althouse Bus Company was founded byA Larry AlthouseB Althouses grandfatherC Liesls motherD Ashley Batista3
33、5 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to A employing young drivers B running quality schools C providing free driving lessons D building sound relationships第二篇A Phone That Knows Youre Busy Its a modern problem：youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant(持续不停旳)phonecalls so you turn your cellpho
34、ne off .But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youreless busyyou could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise tointerrupt you，you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when youare not too busy A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a
35、 clever piece of software could do just that，byanalyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt youIf built into a phone，thesystem may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pen
36、nsylvania based theirsystem oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activityFirst they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether yourmind is interrupted The potential“busyness”signals they focused on included whether the offi
37、ce doors were leftopen or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close theywere to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . Atrandom intervals，the subjects rated h
38、ow interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“highlyinterruptibleto“highly notinterruptible” . Their ratings were then correlated with the variousbehaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意旳)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of andthen let statistics find out which were important，” says Hu
39、dson The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else inthe office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone wastoo busy to be interru
40、pted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per centFogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biasedtowards delivering their message，whereas computers dont care The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to b
41、e in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones“There is no technological roadblock(障碍)to it being deployed in a couple of years，” says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsB they must turn off thei
42、r phones to keep their homes quietC they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphoneD they are too busy to make phone calls37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messagesB could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD could
43、identify important phone calls38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A why office doors were often 1eft open B when it was a good time to turn off the computer C what questions office workers were bothered with D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the
44、 experiment，the subjects were asked A to control the sensors and the camera B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted C to compare their behaviors with others D to analyze all the indicators of interruption40 The computer performed better than people in the study because A the compute
45、r worked harder B the computer was not busy C people tended to be biased D people were not good at statistics第三篇The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene withblue water，birds，and fishFor the people in the northwestern Cameroon，ho
46、wever, the image isvery different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases explodedout of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirtyseven peopleTwoyears later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys andkilled 1,700 people Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when watercollected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun arenot active anymore. However, poisono