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1、中石油职称英语考试2023版 通用选读目录1. Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则32.Network Security 网络安全43.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的.64.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判75.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料96.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车117.Our Family Creed 家族的信条138.The art
2、of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术159. Oil and Gas Generation 油气生成1510.The Dress Code for Office Life 办公室的着装礼仪1911.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌2112.East Meets West in Relaxing Macau 澳门东西方文化的交汇点2313.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛2514.Taking chances,Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇2715. Conventional Petroleum Reservoi
3、r 常规油气藏3016. Unconventional Oil and Gas 非常规油气3317.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省3618. Unleashing Your Creativity 释放你的发明力3719.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理3920.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油4221.And All That Jazz 关乎爵士乐4422.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系4623.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食4
4、824.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐5025. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知5226.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力5427. When You Travel to a Large City 旅行在都市5728. That Other Woman in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人”5929.Geography of USA 美国地理概况6130. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 老人与海(节选)6331.Petroleum Geology
5、and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学6632. The California Gold Rush 加利福尼亚淘金热6833.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？7234. Should You Go Organic? 你应当“有机”吗？7435.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌7836.To Be Content with Ones Lot乐天知命8037.I Didnt Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到碰到你我才知道怎么教学8338. Reservoir Product
6、ion Mechanisms 油藏开采机理8639.A $210,000 WALLET1 价值21万美元的钱包8840.Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 解决人际关系的基本技巧9141.Happiness Index幸福指数9442.Becoming Wealthy:Its Up to You 致富取决于你自己9743.Oil 油9944. Job Satisfaction 工作满意度10245. How to Become a Scientist 如何才干成为一名科学家10646.Cultural Taboos文化禁忌10847.Managi
7、ng In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理11048. The Conscious Use of the Subconscious Mind 对潜意识的故意识运用11449. The British through My Eyes 我眼中的英国人11750.Not Quite Ready to Retire 退休为时尚早12051. Those Fascinating Northern Lights 迷人的北极光12352.Sales Promotion 产品促销12753. Oil Refining 石油炼制13054.Another Happiness 另一
8、种快乐13255. Its never too Late for Success 成功不分早晚13556.Why To Mark a Book 为什么在书上做标记13857.Earths Last Frontier:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域14158. Our Many Responses to Pain 痛感反映14559. Forest Fires: a Major Disaster 森林大火：可怕的劫难14960.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲1531.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Man
9、agement主持会议六大准则If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.假如规定你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。1.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as
10、an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.1、总要准时开会。假如你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识届时间的价值。准时开始反映了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其别人树立了楷模。2.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good reco
11、rd-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.2、安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你也许需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。3.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hea
12、r only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings.3、学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听别人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。4.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important
13、issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcom
14、mittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participantsvaluable time.4、让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。假如会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人互换一下意见。
15、假如会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样可以让讨论紧扣主题，并尽也许少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。5.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone f
16、eels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism.5、给每位与会者说出自己见解的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，保证每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。6.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting
17、 participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager.6准时结束会议。
18、假如你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只连续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增长他们心不在焉的也许性，也会减少你作为一位善于主持会议的人的信誉。2.Network Security 网络安全1.As more Americans do more things online, Internet identity theft is a growingand very costlyproblem. Consider the following ten aspects and learn the best ways to protect yoursel
19、f. 1、随着美国网民不断增多，互联网使用越来越频繁，互联网身份失窃成 了一个日益严重且代价昂贵的问题。阅读以下十条建议，学会保护自己隐私 的最佳方式。2.Guard Your Personal Information. Never respond to requests for personal or account information online (or over the phone). When your social security number is requested as an identifier, ask if you can provide alternate in
20、formation. Watch out for convincing imitations of banks, card companies, charities and government agencies. Use legitimate sources of contact information to verify requests for information, such as your financial institutions official website or the telephone number listed on statements.2、保护个人信息。绝不在
21、网上（或通过电话)回复任何索取个人信息或 账户信息的请求。当网络运营商规定你输入社会保障号码作为确认标记时， 询问是否可以提供其他信息代替社会保障代号。小心警惕那些伪装成银行、 信用卡公司、慈善组织和政府机构的网站，它们总是伪装得很逼真。使用来源于官方的联系方式来验证个人信息索取请求（是否可靠），例如金融机构的 官方网址，或是结算单上的电话号码。3.Dont overshare. Dont divulge your birth date, mothers maiden name, pets name or any other identifying information on social
22、media websites such as Facebook, Linkedln or Twitter.3、忌过度共享个人信息。在类似于Facebook、LinkedIn和Twitter的社交 网站上，不要泄露你的生日、母亲的娘家姓、宠物的名字或其他任何涉及身 份的信息。4.Stay Up to Date. Install anti-virus software on your computer and keep it updated. Use the latest version of your web browser. Install security patches and softw
23、are updates as soon as they are ready to install.4、经常更新电脑。在电脑上安装杀毒软件，经常更新病毒库。使用最新 版本的网络浏览器。及时安装安全补丁和软件更新。5.Make it Difficult. Use unique and hard-to-guess passwords. Dont access secure websites using public Wi-Fi.5、密码设立得复杂些。使用难猜的密码，不要使用公共无线网络登录安 全性网站。6.Beware of Fake Online Sweepstakes and Contests.
24、 All offers that require payment or private information before giving an award are bogus. Take the time to check out the validity of an offer. Ask for contact information from the sender and details about the company running the contest. Once you start asking a lot of questions and make it clear you
25、 wont be pushed to make an immediate decision, most scammers will go away.6、注意分辨虚假的网络彩票和竞赛中奖信息。在赠送奖品之前规定支付 一定金额或填写个人信息的中奖信息都是虚假的。任何一条中奖信息，你都 要花一点时间确认其真伪，例如询问寄件人的联络方式和负责组织竞赛的公 司的详情。一旦你开始询问这些问题，并且明确表达不会匆忙做决定，大多 数骗子都会知难而退。7.Go Paperless. Enroll in electronic statements, use direct deposit, and make bil
26、l payments online (to avoid mail theft).7、无纸化。直接登记注册电子交易协议书，进行网上直接存款和网上直 接支付（以防止邮件失窃)。8.Dont Believe the Work at Home Hype. Thoroughly conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can. If in doubt, visit a local law enforcement office and ask the
27、ir opinion. All offers to earn pay for re-shipping goods sent to your address are bogus. Tragically, some work-from-home scams not only enlist the individual to defraud others, they also make an identity fraud victim out of the individual!8、不要相信传得天花乱坠的家居办公模式。通过电话征询和网络搜索对 鼓吹这种模式的公司进行全面的背景调查。假如调查结果令人置
28、疑，可以咨 询本地执法机构的意见。所有寄到你的地址声称通过转运物品即可赚取薪水 的信息都是编造的。可悲的是，一些家庭办公骗局不仅使不知情的个人沦为 他们欺骗行为的协同犯，也成为了身份诈骗的受害者。9.Ask What Your Bank Is Doing to Protect You. Understand banks guarantees for fraud protection: all large providers now offer zero-liability protection for debit and credit cards, while a few offer a gu
29、arantee for online banking transactions.9、询问你的银行的隐私保护措施。了解银行在防止诈骗方面的保障措施， 一些大型银行现在提供对借记卡和信用卡的免责保护，也有一些银行提供网 银交易安全保障。10.Keep a Close Eye on Your Finances. Monitor your bank and credit card accounts weekly. Sign up for alerts to be sent to your mobile phone or email. Monitor your credit and public inf
30、ormation online to spot unauthorized activity. Free credit reports from each of the three major credit bureaus are available each year through . Optional fee-based services offer more extensive monitoring of credit information, personal identity records, social security numbers and online transactio
31、ns.10、密切注意个人财政状况。每周关注你的银行账户、信用卡使用有无异 常，申请手机或电子邮件警示业务。监测你的网络信用信息和公共信息，及 时发现未授权的活动。每年通过，你可以选取三大信用 机构中的任何一个向你提供免费信用报告。你还可以选择收费项目，获取对 信用信息、个人身份记录、社会保障号码和其他网上交易活动的更全面的监测服务。11.Report It. If youre a victim of online fraud, contact the authorities. You can file an online report with the Internet Crime Compl
32、aint Center (IC3)a partnership between the FBI, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Also contact your local police to file a report. The more people who report such crimes, the more criminals are arrested.11、最后一招，举报。假如你已经是网络诈骗的受害者，联系官方机构。 你可以在网上向互联网犯罪举报中心联邦调
33、查局的合作伙伴之一)、国家白 领犯罪中心或司法援助局举报，也可以向本地警署举报。越多的人举报这些 犯罪行为，越多的罪犯就将被绳之以法。3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的.1.Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be,I learned in kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate mountain, but there in the sandpile at nu
34、rsery school.1、大部分在生活中真正需要的，涉及如何生活，该做些什么，又该如何去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。2.These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Dont hit people. Put tilings back where you found them. Clean up your own mess. Dont take things that arent yours. Say youre sorry when you hurt somebo
35、dy. Wash your hands before you eat. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. Live a balanced life. Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some.2、以下就是我在幼儿园中学到的。分享所有的东西；行为光明磊落；不要袭击别人；东西要放回原处；自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好；不要拿走不属于自己的东西；假如你伤害了别人就得道歉；饭前洗手；热的甜点和凉的牛奶对身
36、体有益；生活要有张有弛，学点东西、想点思想、写写画画、唱唱跳跳，休息和工作，每样事天天都要干一点。3.Take a nap every afternoon. When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and stick together. Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the plastic cup? The roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why
37、, but we are all like that.3、天天下午小睡一会。当大家外出时，注意交通安全，记得手挽手，彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇迹。你一定还记得那个塑料杯里的小小的种子吧，它不断的往下扎根，枝叶不断的向空中伸展。没有人真正知道它在如何生长，也不知道是为了什么。但有一点很明白，我们也像他们同样地长大。4.Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup-they all die. So do we.4、看着金鱼、仓鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一颗种子，最后他们的
38、生命都将消亡。我们明白自己同样也不能避免。5.And then remember the book about Dick and Jane1 and the first word you learned, the biggest word of all: Look. Everything you need to know is in there somewhere. The Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and polities and sane living.5、同时我们还记得迪克和珍妮的书，以及从书中学到的第一个词，也
39、是最了不起的一个词：观测。你所需要了解的任何事情：涉及为人的原则、爱、应注意的基本卫生，生态环境和政治哲学以及健全的生活方式，你都能在该书的某个地方找到答案。6.Think of what a better world it would be if we all-the whole world-had cookies and milk about 3 oclock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap. Or if we had a basic policy in our nations to always
40、put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messes. And it is still true, no matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it is better to hold hands and stick together.6、想一想，假如我们大家-全世界所有的人-天天下午3点左右可以享受甜点和牛奶，然后盖上被单美美地睡上一小会儿；假如每一个国家都可以遵循一个基本的立国之道，即东西放回原处，自己弄脏的地方自己收拾后，那么这个世界将是
41、多么的美好啊。无论你年龄有多大，当你出去时，当你进入社会之时，最佳和别人手牵手，互相扶持，团结一致，无论如何，这是一个颠扑不破的真理。4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判1.The US is an attractive market. Its business culture, which has brought the world shareholder value and IPOs, has been leading commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so
42、. But whoever wants to succeed in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.1、美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和 “初次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几 年内还将保持。但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。2.US business is described by the lyrics of the song New York, New York: If you can make it here, you can make it any
43、where! Yet a euphoric approach to business is by no means enough. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ruthlessly focused.2、美国的商业，在纽约，纽约这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“假如 你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!”但是快乐的做生意 的方法是绝对不够的。虽然在美国的商业沟通是快乐的和自在的，但是它同 时也由于不讲情面而成为焦点。3.Commun
44、icating is a natural talent of Americans. When negotiating partners meet, the emphasis is on small talk and smiling. There is liberal use of a sense of humor that is more direct than it is in the UK. If you give a talk in America, you should speak in a relaxed way and with plenty of jokes to capture
45、 your audiences attention.3、沟通是美国人与生俱来的才干。双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重 要的。美国人比英国人更风趣也更直接。假如你和美国人谈话，要很放松并 且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。4.Informality is the rule. Business partners renounce their academic titles on their business cards. Sandwiches and drinks in plastic or boxes are served during conferences. Your business p
46、artners tend to act casually in the office and chat about their family.4、美国人不拘礼节。商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。 会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。你的生意伙伴很可 能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。5.The attitude time is money has more influence on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else. After the neutral warm-up, U
47、S negotiating partners quickly get to the point. Even social get-togethers are often used to discuss business matters.5、“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领 域都强。在简朴的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方不久地切入主题，甚至社会上举 办的联欢会都会被运用来讨论生意。6.Although Americans do business in a very pragmatic way, they want to win. Developing a personal r
48、elationship with the business partner is not as important as getting results.6、美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。相比之下，发展与商业伙 伴的个人关系就不是那么重要了。7.And US negotiators tend to want those results fast. As financial results are reported every quarter, it is essential to secure profitability on a short-term basis. For this reason, many US contracts contain the provision time is of the essence within their preamble. Hence, US impatience in negotiations should not be perceived as impoliteness, but as the corollary o