《货币银行学 第四章.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《货币银行学 第四章.ppt(32页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Chapter 4Understanding Interest Rates利率的重要性与我们的生活息息相关:挣还是赚?在世界所有流通的总市值中,有2/3被归为固定收益证券。4-24-3Present Value(现值)A dollar paid to you one year from now is less valuable than a dollar paid to you today(一年后你收入的1美元不如你现在收入的1美元值钱)4-4Discounting the Future(对未来的贴现)4-5Simple Present Value4-6Yield to Maturity(到期
2、收益率)The interest rate that equates the present value of cash flow payments received from a debt instrument with its value today(使债务工具所有未来回报的现值与其今天的价值相等的利率)4-7Four Types of Credit Market InstrumentsSimple Loan(普通贷款)Fixed Payment Loan(固定支付贷款;分期偿还贷款)Coupon Bond(息票债券)Discount Bond(贴现发行债券;零息债券)4-8Simple
3、LoanYield to Maturity4-9Fixed Payment LoanYield to Maturity4-10Coupon BondYield to Maturity4-11When the coupon bond is priced at its face value,the yield to maturity equals the coupon rate(息票债券价格等于其面值,到期收益率等于息票利率)The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are negatively related(息票债券价格与到期收益
4、率是负向相关的)The yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate when the bond price is below its face value (当债券价格低于其面值时,到期收益率要高于息票利率)4-12Consol or Perpetuity(统一公债;永续债券)A bond with no maturity date that does not repay principal but pays fixed coupon payments forever4-13Discount BondYield to Maturity思考
5、:债券合成用零息债券复制息票债券。用息票债券复制零息债券。4-14到期收益率的缺陷分析1.投资者持有债券至偿还期。2.再投资收益率等于到期收益率。3.到期收益率难以计算。4-154-16Current Yield(当期收益率)It is an approximation of the yield to maturity on coupon bonds which defined as the yearly coupon payment divided by the price of the security ic=C/P Where ic=current yield P=price of co
6、upon bond C=yearly coupon payment4-17Yield on a Discount Basis(贴现基础上的收益率Question:wich would you rather own?You are offered two bonds,a one-year u.s.treasury bond with a yield to maturity of 9%and a one-year u.s.treasury bill with a yield on a discount basis of 8.9%.4-184-19Following the Financial Ne
7、ws:Bond Prices and Interest Rates 4-20Rate of Return(回报率)4-21Rate of Return and Interest RatesThe return equals the yield to maturity only if the holding period equals the time to maturity(只有持有期与到期期限一致的债券回报率才与最初的到期收益率相等)A rise in interest rates is associated with a fall in bond prices,resulting in a
8、 capital loss if time to maturity is longer than the holding period(对于到期期限长于持有期的债券而言,利率上升与债券的价格负相关,进而引起投资该债券的资本损失)The more distant a bonds maturity,the greater the size of the percentage price change associated with an interest-rate change(债券的到期日越远,利率变动引起债券价格变动的比率就越大)16.3.1 “持续期”概念 持续期:持续期:是固定收入金融工具
9、的所有预期现金流入量的加权是固定收入金融工具的所有预期现金流入量的加权平均时间,也可以理解为金融工具各期现金流抵补平均时间,也可以理解为金融工具各期现金流抵补最初投入的平均时间。有效持续期实际上是加权的最初投入的平均时间。有效持续期实际上是加权的现金流量现值与未加权的现值之比。现金流量现值与未加权的现值之比。其其中中,D表表示示持持续续期期,Ct为为第第t期期的的现现金金流流或或利利息息,F为为资资产产或或负负债债面面值值(到到期期日日的的价价值值),n为为该该项项资资产或负债的期限,产或负债的期限,i为市场利率为市场利率,P为金融工具的现值。为金融工具的现值。多次性偿付类资产两边对r求导4-
10、24Rate of Return and Interest Rates(contd)The more distant a bonds maturity,the lower the rate of return the occurs as a result of an increase in the interest rate(债券的到期日越远,当利率上升时,回报率就越低)Even if a bond has a substantial initial interest rate,its return can be negative if interest rates rise(即使某一债券最初
11、的利率很高,当利率上升时,其回报率也可能变成负数)4-254-26Interest-Rate Risk(利率风险)Prices and returns for long-term bonds are more volatile than those for shorter-term bonds(长期债券的价格和回报率的波动性比短期债券大)There is no interest-rate risk for any bond whose time to maturity matches the holding period(持有期与到期日相匹配的债券没有利率风险)4-27Real and Nom
12、inal Interest Rates(实际与名义利率)Nominal interest rate makes no allowance for inflation(名义利率没有考虑通货膨胀因素)Real interest rate is adjusted for changes in price level so it more accurately reflects the cost of borrowing(实际利率根据物价水平的变动作出调整,因此能够更准确的反映真实借款成本)Ex ante real interest rate is adjusted for expected chan
13、ges in the price level(事前实际利率是经过预期价格水平变动的调整)Ex post real interest rate is adjusted for actual changes in the price level(事后实际利率是经过实际价格水平变动调整)slide 28 欧文欧文费雪费雪(Irving Fisher 1867-1947):许多人认为费雪是最许多人认为费雪是最 杰出的美国杰出的美国经济学家。在耶鲁大学的学生时代,他经济学家。在耶鲁大学的学生时代,他就崭露头角。从数学、科学、哲学、社就崭露头角。从数学、科学、哲学、社会科学到课外活动,费雪不是为学生写会科
14、学到课外活动,费雪不是为学生写讲义赚取生活费,就是得到奖学金并担讲义赚取生活费,就是得到奖学金并担任学生领袖。任学生领袖。1891年,耶鲁的第一个经年,耶鲁的第一个经济学博士学位由数学系授予了他(济学博士学位由数学系授予了他(24岁)岁)。1918年曾任美国经济学会会长,年曾任美国经济学会会长,1930年与他人共同创立经济计量学会。今天年与他人共同创立经济计量学会。今天新古典经济学的资本与利率理论基本上新古典经济学的资本与利率理论基本上都源于费雪。货币的交易方程式与指数都源于费雪。货币的交易方程式与指数理论也都要溯源到他。理论也都要溯源到他。4-29Fisher Equation4-304-31需探讨问题 如果抵押贷款利率从5上升到20,但预期住宅价格会从2上升到9,人们更愿意还是更不愿意购置住宅?4-32需探讨问题 费雪效应的深思考在存在信贷配给的情况下:如实际利率5,通胀率50,名义利率则为55。如果公司借入1000美元购买价值2000美元的资产,产生10的收益,那么即使年末的资产价值为3000美元,他的现金流也只有200美元,不足支付550美元的欠款。