英语语法填空技巧.ppt

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1、语法填空技巧语法填空技巧WenHuinuanWenHuinuan高效解题密招高效解题密招三个解题步骤三个解题步骤1 1、通读全文、通读全文,了解大意了解大意 语法填空是利用语法填空是利用在在中考中考语法，因此在解题前，要快速浏览短语法，因此在解题前，要快速浏览短文，了解文，了解_是至关重要的。是至关重要的。语篇语篇语境语境全文大意全文大意2 2、试填空格，后难先易、试填空格，后难先易读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定的定的_（也就是上下文）（也就是上下文）1 1）从句子的）从句子的_去分析思考去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中充当什么句子成空格所缺单词在句中充当什么句

2、子成分，从而推断出他的分，从而推断出他的_，如缺，如缺主语或宾语，所填应是代词；主语或宾语，所填应是代词；语境语境句子结构的完整性句子结构的完整性词性词性2 2）根据句子）根据句子_，确定填一，确定填一个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等；等；3 3）根据句子与句子之间的）根据句子与句子之间的_，确定具体要填哪个关联词，确定具体要填哪个关联词;意义的完整性意义的完整性逻辑关系逻辑关系 3 3、重读全文，解决难题、重读全文，解决难题在大部分空格填好后在大部分空格填好后,再仔细推敲难题。再仔细推敲难题。此时难题也不再难了。所有空格填好此时难题也不再难了。所有空格填好后

3、，把整篇文章从头到尾幅度一遍进后，把整篇文章从头到尾幅度一遍进行核查。行核查。解题思路大全解题思路大全解答语法填空的基本功是懂得解答语法填空的基本功是懂得_，准确理解句子意思，准确理解句子意思，善于把握善于把握_关系。以下关系。以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。路和解题技巧。句子结构分析句子结构分析句间的逻辑关系句间的逻辑关系纯空格题的解题技巧纯空格题的解题技巧是指在空格处填上一个适当的词，五年来，是指在空格处填上一个适当的词，五年来，这类题只考这类题只考_。那么什么情况下选择适当的词来填？下面那么什么情况下选择适当的词来填？下面我们来做

4、一些探究及总结。我们来做一些探究及总结。介词、冠词、代词和连接词介词、冠词、代词和连接词方法探究方法探究1:1:边边做边悟：做边悟：1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom 1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes he was trying to talk,but after some minutes 22_ 22_ walked away and sat walked away and sat near m

5、e,near me,looking annoyed.looking annoyed.2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the 2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduce myself.We had an amazing man and introduce myself.We had an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and conversation.He got off the bus be

6、fore me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I felt very happy the rest of the way home.theytheyI am glad I made a choice.It made I am glad I made a choice.It made 25_ 25_ of us feel of us feel good.good.3.(2010)He asked his teacher,3.(2010)He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was Sir,the w

7、ater was awful.Why did you pretend to like awful.Why did you pretend to like 38_?38_?”4.4.(2009)she knew that this was a present which was(2009)she knew that this was a present which was bound to please bound to please 38_.38_.5.5.(2009)Jane was walking round the department(2009)Jane was walking rou

8、nd the department store.She remembered how difficult store.She remembered how difficult 31_ 31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present or her was to choose a suitable Christmas present or her father.father.bothithimit6.6.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in(2008)It is said that a short-

9、tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about thinking about 3434 _ day and night._ day and night.7.7.(2007)I wanted to reward the old woma

10、n for(2007)I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had causedthe trouble I had caused 4040 _._.ither归纳总结归纳总结1 1：当句子缺主语或宾语时，填当句子缺主语或宾语时，填_。因为充当主语或宾语应是名词或相当于名因为充当主语或宾语应是名词或相当于名词的词或代词，而在语法填空中一般不要词的词或代词，而在语法填空中一般不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，必填代词，此时，要根据前后语境，宾语，必填代词，此时，要根据前后语境，选择正确的

11、代词。选择正确的代词。代词代词方法探究方法探究2 2：边做边悟：边做边悟：1.1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had myself.We had 2424 _ _ amazing amazing conversation.conversation.2.2.(2010)A young man,while traveling through a(2010)A young man,while traveling through a dese

12、rt,came across a spring of clear water.desert,came across a spring of clear water.31_ 31_ water was sweet.water was sweet.3.3.(2010)The young man went home with a happy(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart.After the student left,the teacher let heart.After the student left,the teacher let

13、 3636 _ _ student taste the water.student taste the water.4.4.(2009)Besides,shopping at this time of the year(2009)Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not was not 33_ pleasant experience:33_ pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet.people stepped on your feet.5.5.(2008)It is said th

14、at a short-tempered man in the(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help 33_ rice grow up quickly.33_ rice grow up quickly.6.6.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his(2007)the head of the vill

15、age was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35_ small horse to my car to pull it to 35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.garage.7.(2007)I had noticed three hens running free in 7.(2007)I had noticed three hens running f

16、ree in my hostessmy hostesss courtyard and that night one of them s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table._37_ ended up in a dish on my table._37_ villagers brought me goatvillagers brought me goats cheese and honey.s cheese and honey.归纳总结归纳总结2:2:在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或在作主语、宾语或表

17、语的名词或“形容词形容词+名名词词”前，填前，填_。_ _ 是指冠词、形容词性的物主代词，或是指冠词、形容词性的物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义，由此来判断填的意思来确定空格的语境意义，由此来判断填什么词。如表特指，大体相当于什么词。如表特指，大体相当于”这、这些、这、这些、那、那些那、那些”时用时用_；表示表示“一一”时，时，填填_;_;表示表示“一些一些”时填时填_;_;表示表示“另一个另一个”填填_；表示；表示“其他的其他的”填填_。方法探究方法探究3:3:边边做边悟：做边悟：1.(2011)I did

18、n1.(2011)I didnt want to be laughed at for t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didntalking to him but I didnt like leaving him t like leaving him 23_ his own either.23_ his own either.2.2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student

19、very much for the sweet thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home water.The young man went home 35_ a happy heart.35_ a happy heart.3.3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes(2009)She found some good quality pipes 37_ sale.37_ sale.4.4.(2009)When Jane got home,with h

20、er small(2009)When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already 39_ table having were already 39_ table having supper.supper.5.5.(2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are(2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and

21、they are still widely used in Chinese peoplestill widely used in Chinese peoples daily life.s daily life.31_ these proverbs there are often 31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.interesting stories.6.6.(2008)He was very tired 36_ doing(2008)He was very tired 36_ doing this for a who

22、le day,but he felt very happy.this for a whole day,but he felt very happy.7.7.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me should have t

23、he honor of receiving me 33_ a guest in their house.33_ a guest in their house.8.8.(2007)When the time came for me to say(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman 39_ the to reward the ol

24、d woman 39_ the trouble I had caused her.trouble I had caused her.归纳总结归纳总结3 3：当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填_。因为名词和代词最典型的用法。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是做主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的是做主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，就应是宾语，就应是_的宾语了，所以要的宾语了，所以要填填_。具体要填什么具体要填什么_ ,由该词与名词、形容词、动词的具体搭配由该词与名词、形容词、动词的具体搭配来决定

25、。来决定。方法探究方法探究4 4边做边悟边做边悟;1.1.(2011)(2011)MyMy friendsfriends walkedwalked meme to to thethe busbus stopstop andand waitedwaited withwith meme 17_17_ thethe busbus arrived.arrived.2.2.(2011)(2011)BehindBehind himhim werewere otherother peoplepeople to to 21_21_ he he waswas tryingtrying to to talk.-t

26、alk.-3.3.(2010)(2010)HeHe filledfilled hishis leatherleather containercontainer so so thatthat he he couldcould bringbring somesome backback to to anan elderelder 32_32_ hadhad beenbeen hishis teacher.teacher.4.4.(2010)(2010)WeWe understandunderstand thisthis lessonlesson bestbest 40_40_ wewe receiv

27、ereceive giftsgifts of of lovelove fromfrom children.children.5.5.(2009)(2009)JaneJane pausedpaused in in frontfront of of a a countercounter 35_35_ somesome attractiveattractive tiesties werewere onon display.display.6.6.(2008)One day,he came up with an idea 35(2008)One day,he came up with an idea

28、35 _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.inches.7.7.(2008)He was very tired after doing this for a whole(2008)He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,37_ he felt very happy since the crop day,37_ he felt very happy since the crop did di

29、d“growgrow”higher.higher.8.8.(2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend(2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32_ gathered around me were ar

30、guing as to 32_ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.their house.9.9.(2007)(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 k

31、ilometers to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36_ there was a garage.away 36_ there was a garage.10.10.(2010(2010佛山二模佛山二模)TheThe robberrobber camecame in in at at aboutabout 22:0022:00 onon SaturdaySaturday 35_35_ leftleft at at 07:0007:00 onon Sunday.Sunday.归纳探究归纳探究4 4：当空格前

32、后都是句子时，且这两个句子当空格前后都是句子时，且这两个句子之间没有连接词时，要填之间没有连接词时，要填_和和_。若表示句间、单词、短语之。若表示句间、单词、短语之间存在有并列关系时，填表示间存在有并列关系时，填表示_、_、_等意义的等意义的_。若是句间存在有主从之分，应该填若是句间存在有主从之分，应该填_ 。具体填哪个。具体填哪个_，必须，必须确定从句的类型，这样就应该掌握三大确定从句的类型，这样就应该掌握三大从句的用法。从句的用法。方法探究方法探究5 5：边做边悟：边做边悟：1.1.Listen to these words from Darwin.P.Kingsley:Listen to

33、 these words from Darwin.P.Kingsley:“You have powers you never dreamed of.You can do You have powers you never dreamed of.You can do things you never thought you 39_ do.There things you never thought you 39_ do.There are no limitations in what you can do except the are no limitations in what you can

34、 do except the limitations of your own mind.limitations of your own mind.”2.2.I explained that while I didnI explained that while I didnt carry any cash,I t carry any cash,I 36_ happen to have a new blanket,and 36_ happen to have a new blanket,and asked him if he could use it?He was thrilled.asked h

35、im if he could use it?He was thrilled.3.3.What is amazing is,Pluto(34)_ understand What is amazing is,Pluto(34)_ understand everything dad says.Their communication is as near everything dad says.Their communication is as near to being perfect as possible-Each seems to know to being perfect as possib

36、le-Each seems to know what the other needs at any time.Never once what the other needs at any time.Never once(38)_ I heard anyone shout at Pluto or(38)_ I heard anyone shout at Pluto or even raise their voices.even raise their voices.4.4.Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball Once when I retu

37、rned from a Saturday baseball game,(32)_ was Steve who took the time game,(32)_ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.to ask me what happened.5.5.It was not until 1840 (39)_ the official It was not until 1840 (39)_ the official organization known as the Penny Post was organization know

38、n as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.cheap and efficient postal deliveries.归纳总结归纳总结5 5：若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致

39、时，很可能填很可能填_ 或填强调助动词或构成倒装或填强调助动词或构成倒装的助动词的助动词,还要注意有时是部分倒装或强调句型。还要注意有时是部分倒装或强调句型。由提示词的解题技巧由提示词的解题技巧是指是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，五年来的高考题只考查这类题，五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。等四种情况。方法探究方法探究6 6：边：边做边悟：做边悟：1.1.(2011)He 19_(pretend)that a tiger

40、toy(2011)He 19_(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.was real and giving it a voice.2.2.(2010)After a four-day journey,the young man (2010)After a four-day journey,the young man 33_(present)the water to the old man.His 33_(present)the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep d

41、rink.teacher took a deep drink.3.3.(2009)-people stepped on your feet or(2009)-people stepped on your feet or 34_(push)you with their elbows,hurrying 34_(push)you with their elbows,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.ahead to get to a bargain.4.4.(2009)(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop Y

42、our father has at last decided to stop smoking,smoking,”Jane 40_(inform).Jane 40_(inform).5.5.(2008)Being too anxious to help an event develop(2008)Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40_(result)in the contrary to our often 40_(result)in the contrary to our intention.intention.6.6.(2007

43、)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car The sun was setting when my car 31_(break)down near a remote village.31_(break)down near a remote village.归纳总结归纳总结6 6：当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是是_动词。此时，要根据语境确定动词。此时，要

44、根据语境确定用哪种用哪种_和和_._.方法探究方法探究7 7：边做边悟：边做边悟：1.(2011)I noticed a man 18_(sit)at 1.(2011)I noticed a man 18_(sit)at the front.the front.2.(2010)He spit it out,37_(say)it 2.(2010)He spit it out,37_(say)it was awful.was awful.3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy 3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy 32_

45、(please)as her mother,who was 32_(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.always delighted with perfume.4.4.(2008)For example,the proverb,(2008)For example,the proverb,“plucking up a plucking up a crop 32_(help)it growcrop 32_(help)it grow”,is based on the,is based on the followin

46、g story.following story.5.5.(2007)While she was getting me 3_(2007)While she was getting me 3_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.village was tying up his horse to my car.归纳总结归纳总结7 7：当句中已有谓语动词，又

47、没有出现并列连当句中已有谓语动词，又没有出现并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就须填词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就须填_形式。此时，应根据句子结构来形式。此时，应根据句子结构来确定适当的形式，如作主语或宾语，就用确定适当的形式，如作主语或宾语，就用_（一般）或（一般）或_（具体）；（具体）；作目的状语或形容词后做状语，用作目的状语或形容词后做状语，用_;_;作伴随状语或定语，要根据与逻作伴随状语或定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，填现在分词或过去分词；辑主语的关系，填现在分词或过去分词；有些还要注固定的句型搭配。有些还要注固定的句型搭配。方法探究方法探究8 8：边做边悟：边做边悟：1.1.(201

48、1)I left it early because I had an appointment(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment 16_(late)that day.16_(late)that day.2.2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39_ of kindness and lo

49、ve.Nothing could be 39_(sweet).(sweet).3.3.(2008)he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.(2008)he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.He felt very happy since the He did so the next day.He felt very happy since the crop did crop did“growgrow”38_(high).38_(high).

50、4.4.Once a Once a habit habit is formed,it is difficult,and sometimes is formed,it is difficult,and sometimes 34_(possible),to get rid of.34_(possible),to get rid of.归纳总结归纳总结8 8：当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且空当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且空格处需填形容此或副词时，要根据语境，格处需填形容此或副词时，要根据语境，理解句义，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得理解句义，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填通，就很可能填