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1、 陈述句的五个基本句型是写作的陈述句的五个基本句型是写作的基础基础,掌握了这五个基本句型掌握了这五个基本句型,就具体就具体初步的写作能力了。从广东省近几年初步的写作能力了。从广东省近几年的高考阅卷情况看的高考阅卷情况看,只要用能用简单只要用能用简单句表述规定的内容要点句表述规定的内容要点,就可以拿到就可以拿到及格分数及格分数,能拿到及格分数能拿到及格分数,就意味着就意味着大大超过全省作文平均分了。大大超过全省作文平均分了。即时练习：即时练习：请用请用“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”句型翻译下列句子。句型翻译下列句子。1.这台机器的情况良好。这台机器的情况良好。1.This machine
2、is in good condition.2.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。丝绸摸起来又软又滑。2.Silk feels soft and smooth.3.他突然病倒了。他突然病倒了。3.He has suddenly fallen ill.4.他静静地站着。他静静地站着。4.He stood quite still.5.电梯坏了。电梯坏了。5.The lift is out of order/has gone wrong.6.未来几天天气将持续寒冷。未来几天天气将持续寒冷。6.It will stay/remain cold(for)several days.7.那个男人证明是个贼。那个男人证明是个
3、贼。7.The man proved(to be)a thief.8.我希望你的梦想能成真。我希望你的梦想能成真。(come true)8.I hope your dream can come true.9.那就是他居住的地方。那就是他居住的地方。(表语从句表语从句)9.That is where he lives.10.她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。10.Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.(一一)上下求索上下求索寻信息寻信息 因为答案信息点有的在空格前，有的在空格因为答案信息点有的在空格前，有
4、的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合考虑后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合考虑或相互印证。有时，还要根据上、下文提供的信或相互印证。有时，还要根据上、下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可得出息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可得出正确答案。不管题目有多难，都一定能在上下文正确答案。不管题目有多难，都一定能在上下文中找到线索。中找到线索。例例1 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who were getting off the bus sho
5、uld get off first，and students who were getting on should get on 28 .27.A.parents B.students C.teachers D.drivers28.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlier解析：解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的题的答案信息点在空格后的and students who中，关键词是中，关键词是students，故选，故选B。28题的答题的答案信息点在空格前案信息点在空格前,关键词是关键词是first,与与first相对应相对应是是later,故选故选B。例例2 One
6、 afternoon,I was out exploring.and saw a new kind of cactus(仙人掌仙人掌).I crouched(蹲蹲)down for a closer look.“Youd better not _that.”I turned around to see an old woman.“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow?Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”A.break B.pick C.pull D
7、.touch解析解析:此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词,很难确定填很难确定填touch,选选D。答题时答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上,一定一定要要“左顾右盼左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意或句式结构。注意,常常不止一个选项常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系前后可以构成搭配关系,这时需要根据这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。上下文的意思来定夺。2.2.左顾右盼左顾右盼找搭配找搭配解析：解析：四个选项中四个选项中,能与后面能与后面for搭配的搭配
8、的,只只有有mistook,即即mistake A for B(将将A误以为误以为B),故选故选C。例例3 On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged解析：解析：根据动宾搭配根据动宾搭配,在四个选项中在四个选项中,能与名词能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖诺贝尔奖)搭配的搭配的,只有只有establish(设立设立),即
9、即“设立诺贝尔奖设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的。用他的大部分钱去大部分钱去“构成构成/开发开发/促进促进”诺贝尔奖诺贝尔奖,是讲是讲不通的。不通的。例例4 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who.A.establish B.form C.develop D.promote 有时有时,若单独看空格处或空格所若单独看空格处或空格所在句在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格
10、中都不错入格中都不错,句子也通顺句子也通顺,但结合但结合全文内容来理解全文内容来理解,就只有一个是最佳就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此答案了。因此,选择答案时选择答案时,一定要一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,而且要在全文中也讲得通而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全即贯通全文。文。3.3.思前想后思前想后通全文通全文例例5 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to
11、people who made great _ to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions解析：解析：若单独看空格处若单独看空格处,选项选项B、C、D都可以填都可以填,make great sacrifices “作出巨大牺牲作出巨大牺牲”,make great changes“发生巨大变化发生巨大变化”,make great contributions“作出巨大作出巨大贡献贡献”;从文章内容或常识来看从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖
12、诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献作出过巨大贡献”的人的人,故只能选故只能选D。例例6 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining,construction,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药炸药).the article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel,who became_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever b
13、efore,died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.A.famous B.sick C.rich D.popular解析：解析：若单独看空前的若单独看空前的became,填四个选项都没填四个选项都没有语法错误有语法错误,但是由前文中的但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文和后文give the largest part of his money可知可知,rich为最佳答案为最佳答案,故选故选C。(一一)通读全文，理解大意通读全文，理解大意 重视
14、首句信息重视首句信息,跳过空格跳过空格,浏浏览全文览全文,从整体上感知全文从整体上感知全文,理解理解短文大意短文大意,这是解题的基础。这一这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要步非常重要,万万不可忽视。万万不可忽视。在理解短文大意的情况下在理解短文大意的情况下,结合各选项结合各选项的意义和用法的意义和用法,与前后词语的习惯搭配与前后词语的习惯搭配,特别特别是上下文的意义衔接等是上下文的意义衔接等,初选答案。可以先初选答案。可以先解决那些自己有把握的问题解决那些自己有把握的问题,对少数难题对少数难题,暂暂时跳过时跳过,在上文中难以判断的题或许在下文在上文中难以判断的题或许在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了
15、中就有暗示或者明显的提示了,一个在前面一个在前面不能解答的题或许在填出了另一空后你就会不能解答的题或许在填出了另一空后你就会豁然开朗。豁然开朗。(二二)瞻前顾后，初选答案瞻前顾后，初选答案(三三)复读全文，解决残敌复读全文，解决残敌 借助已经补全的空格借助已经补全的空格,我们已对全我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。遗留的个别难题。(四四)再次复读，弥补疏漏再次复读，弥补疏漏 全部做好后全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。文文意连贯。根据广东高考完
16、形填空题的特点根据广东高考完形填空题的特点,只要了解上述三个原则只要了解上述三个原则,遵循四个步遵循四个步骤骤,灵活运用以下五个技巧灵活运用以下五个技巧,任何完形任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。希望同学们难题都可得到顺利解决。希望同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的倾向性，叫词语同现出现的倾向性，叫词语同现,也有人称之为也有人称之为“词场词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系。同现词之间有反义或相对关系,或者同类互补关系等或者同类互补关系等,如如different与与same;cruel与与frien
17、dly;death(死亡死亡)与与destruction(毁灭毁灭);ill与与pale,patient,nurse,doctor,operation等等。(一一)词语同现词语同现 一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题，与一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题，与此相关的词就可能会共同出现，以实现语篇衔接。此相关的词就可能会共同出现，以实现语篇衔接。如如20112011年广东高考完形填空的短文年广东高考完形填空的短文,是围绕是围绕“把把优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题”这一这一主题展开的，涉及这一主题的可能有主题展开的，涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班普通班”“特
18、殊班特殊班”“优生优生”“普通生普通生”，以及，以及“学校学校”“老师老师”“学习学习”等等等等,因此因此,special,gifted,intelligent,top,regular,average,school,classes,teachers,children,learning这些相互关联这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。了解词语同现了解词语同现,对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同现的技巧，解答以下高考真题，并说明正确选运用词语同现的技巧，解答以下高考真题，并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。项与哪些词同现
19、。1.(2012广东广东)We all know that some things are obviously right.For example,it is right to be_ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things are clearly wrong,too.For instance,we should not hurt or bully(欺负欺负)others,nor should we litter.A.kind B.sensitive C.fair D.generous
20、A 本段讲有的事正确本段讲有的事正确,有的事错误有的事错误,right与与wrong相对相对,与下文与下文hurt or bully(欺负欺负)others 意义相对意义相对的应是的应是be kind to others,两者为反义同现。两者为反义同现。2.(2012广东广东)For example,they may believe that people should always tell the truth,and that lying is _ acceptable.A.seldom B.rarely C.merely D.neverD believe后的后的thatand that是
21、两个并列是两个并列的宾语从句的宾语从句,表达的观点应前后一致。其中表达的观点应前后一致。其中,tell the truth与与lying相对相对,而与而与always相对的相对的应是应是never。always与与never是反义同现。是反义同现。3.(2012广东广东)Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _ to eat animals,but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animalsA.awful B.cr
22、uel C.unhealthy D.unnecessaryB 由由but可知可知,应选与下文中应选与下文中kind相对的相对的cruel。kind与与cruel是反义同现。是反义同现。4.(2012广东广东)some insist that stealing is always wrong,but others think that one does not need to feel so _ when stealing some food to eat,if he lives in a really poor area and he is _.A.nervous B.anxious C.af
23、raid D.guiltyA.begging B.starving C.growing D.wandering前者选前者选D。根据常识。根据常识,偷东西（偷东西（steal）就是犯法或犯罪的）就是犯法或犯罪的(guilty),故选故选D。其中。其中,guilty与与stealing是词语同现是词语同现,wrong与与guilty是近义复现。是近义复现。后者选后者选B。因与。因与poor(贫穷贫穷)同现的应是同现的应是begging(乞讨乞讨)或或starving(挨饿挨饿)，排除选项，排除选项C与与D。又由常识可知。又由常识可知“饥饿饥饿,饿得要死饿得要死”才会才会“偷偷”，故选，故选star
24、ving。5.(2011广东广东)The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual(智力的智力的)growth by _ situation that has designed for the average children.A.designing B.grouping C.learning D.livingC 与与classes,children,intellectual同现的单同现的单词词,应当是应当是learning
25、。6.(2010广东广东)You have to push the door with the word“PUSH”to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL”to _ the building.A.enter B.leave C.open D.closeA 因有因有push(推推)就有就有pull(拉拉),有有go out of(出去出去)就会有就会有enter(进入进入),这就是词语同现。这就是词语同现。7.(2010广东广东)When I first came to America,I noticed
26、 that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functionsThis was new to me,because we use the _door in South Korea A.main B.same C.front D.backB 美国的门与韩国的门进行对比美国的门与韩国的门进行对比,same与与different相对相对,是词语同现。是词语同现。8.(2010广东广东)The school decided that when the driver opened both the front
27、 and back doors,students who were getting off the bus should get off first,and students who were getting on should get on _.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 因与因与first同现的应是同现的应是later。9.(2009广东广东)To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect,Nobel arranged in his_ to give the largest p
28、art of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.A.book B.article C.will D.contractC 与与die(死死),arrange(安排后事安排后事)同现的应同现的应当是当是will(遗嘱遗嘱)。10.(2008广东广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows _and pale A.sick B.slim C.short D.sma
29、llA 与与pale同现的单词，应是同现的单词，应是sick。词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、同义或近义词复现(包括与包括与近义词的同根词复现近义词的同根词复现,如如ill与与sickness)、上下义、上下义复现复现(即总括与分述即总括与分述,如如animal是是sheep,tiger,wol
30、f等的上义词；等的上义词；rose是是flower的下义词的下义词)、反义、反义复现复现（如如wrong与与right）等。）等。(二二)词语复现词语复现A.equally B.slightly C.clearly D.increasingly1.(2012广东广东)We all know that some things are obviously right.For example,Some things are _ wrong,too.For instance,C 显然，显然，Some things are wrong,too与第与第一句一句some things are obvious
31、ly right相对应相对应,由由too可知可知,选与选与obviously词义相同或相近的词义相同或相近的clearly,两者为同义复现。两者为同义复现。2.(2012广东广东)Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _.A.accidents B mistakes C.falls
32、 D.deathsA 由常识和上文中的由常识和上文中的avoid crashes可知可知,此处应是此处应是prevent accidents。其中。其中accidents与与crash是上下义是上下义复现。复现。3.(2011广东广东)It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classesThere can be little doubt that _ classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take
33、 their place in life sooner.However,A.regular B.special C.small D.creativeB 与前段第一句中与前段第一句中special classes的的special是原词复现。是原词复现。4.(2008广东广东)There were many ways to prevent this from happening：hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just
34、two of the recommended_.A.cases B.tools C.steps D.methodsD 因因methods与前文中的与前文中的ways同义词复现。同义词复现。5.(2011广东广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However,this _ is more often from parents and teachers than from students A.concern B.conclusionC.reflectionD.i
35、nterestA 因因concern(n.担心担心)与上文的与上文的concerned(adj.担心的担心的)是同源词复现或同根词复现。是同源词复现或同根词复现。6.(2011广东广东)However,this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students,and some of these _ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.A.students B.adults C.scho
36、lars D.teachersB 因因adults是上文是上文parents and teachers的上的上义词义词,即这是上下义复现即这是上下义复现,故选故选B。7.(2011陕西陕西)The first could not stand seeing the poverty,so he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons and shared them out among the villagers.He wished them all the best of luck,and he left.The second rich man,s
37、eeing the worrying situation,stopped for a short time and gave the _ all his food and drink,since he could see that money would be of little use to them.A.villagers B.servants C.others D.restA 与前段中的与前段中的villagers属于原词重现。属于原词重现。8.(2011辽宁辽宁)We went into a big shop,but Tony was very particular about _.A
38、lthough I tried to show him toy after toy,he was not to be pleased.A.sweetsB.toysC.clothesD.booksB 与后面的与后面的toy属于原词重现。属于原词重现。根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案案,逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看考完形填空题来看,最多的是利用因果关系最多的是利用
39、因果关系来推断正确答案。来推断正确答案。请运用逻辑推断请运用逻辑推断,解答以下试题解答以下试题,并并指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出来的。来的。3.3.逻辑推理逻辑推理A.interesting B.vital C.easy D.valuable1.(2012广东广东)If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration,it will be _ for them to form what is sometimes called a“black and white”v
40、iew.C 由由“不考虑其他事情不考虑其他事情(without taking other matters into consideration)”,即全面地即全面地看问题看问题,可推断出可推断出,这种人很这种人很“容易容易”形成黑形成黑白观白观(非黑即白非黑即白)。（因果关系）。（因果关系）2.(2012广东广东)Such people always stick to their views,even if it means that they may get into _.A.trouble B.power C.prison D.controlA 持持“非黑即白非黑即白”观点的人观点的人,即
41、使即使“惹上麻惹上麻烦烦”,也总是坚持自己的观点。也总是坚持自己的观点。(让步关系让步关系)3.(2012广东广东)Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals,but others argue that they can eat meat _ and be kind to animals.A.still B.even C.later D.somehowA 他们认为可以吃肉他们认为可以吃肉,但对动物但对动物“依然依然”是友好的。是友好的。(转折关系转折关系)4.(2
42、012广东广东)Rules help us live together in harmony,because they show us the right way to _ others.A.follow B.instruct C.treat D.protectC “规章制度有助于我们和睦相处规章制度有助于我们和睦相处,因为规因为规章制度告诉我们章制度告诉我们“对待他人的正确方式对待他人的正确方式”。分别用分别用“跟着跟着”“指导指导”“保护保护”代入代入,意义不通。意义不通。(因果关系因果关系)5.(2012广东广东)However,some people argue that rules
43、may be_,having observed that rules change all the time,and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones so who is to_ what is right?A.disgusting B.confusing C.unsafe D.unimportantA.predict B.explain C.decide D.consider前者选前者选B。因为。因为“规章总是在变规章总是在变(change),学校不同规章学校不同规章也不同也不同(di
44、fferent)”,所以规章可能是所以规章可能是“令人困惑的令人困惑的”。(因果关系）因果关系）后者选后者选C。既然。既然“规章总是在变规章总是在变”“不同学校的规章不同不同学校的规章不同”，那么该由谁来，那么该由谁来“评判评判(decide)”什么是正确的呢？什么是正确的呢？(因果关系因果关系)6.(2011广东广东)In the regular class,having no worry about keeping up,they(intelligent children)began to reflect _ on many problems,some of which were not
45、on the school program.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quicklyC 因为因为having no worry about keeping up(因为因为不担心跟不上不担心跟不上),所以所以“自动地自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题考虑许多问题,因果推断。因果推断。(现在分词短语表示现在分词短语表示原因原因)。7.(2011广东广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.A.doubtedB.bored
46、C.worriedD.tiredB 由与之并列的由与之并列的lose interest,可知是可知是become bored。也可这样理解。也可这样理解,因为厌烦因为厌烦,所以才失所以才失去兴趣。去兴趣。(此处的此处的and表示结果表示结果,前面是原因前面是原因)8.(2008广东广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost _to the parents.A.uncomfortable B.unbelievableC.un
47、acceptable D.unrecognizableD 因因changed so much,结果父母结果父母“认认不出来不出来”了。了。(that 引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句)9.(2009广东广东)Nobel was _to find out not that he had died,but that,when his time was up,he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.A.upsetB.anxiousC.excitedD.pleasedA 因他发现当自己死后被认
48、为是靠制造死亡获因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人取利润的人,所以他感到所以他感到“伤心难过伤心难过”。(在表在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因)10.(2008潮州二模潮州二模)The team met at the bridge.The canoeing was easier now,but there were other _.Bandits(强盗强盗)shot at them once,but they were moving too fast.A.excitementsB.lucksC.problemsD.thingsC 由表示
49、转折的由表示转折的but可知可知,虽然划独木舟容虽然划独木舟容易易(easier),但是有其他一些但是有其他一些“难题难题(problems)”。将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来以及科普常识等结合起来,进行进行简单推理简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技该技巧与巧与“逻辑推断逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的常常交织在一起的,因为因为虽有背景常识虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不逻辑推理离不开背景常识。开背景常识。请运用背景常识，进行适当推理，解答以下请运用背景常识，进行适当推
50、理，解答以下高考试题。高考试题。(四四)背景常识背景常识1.(2010广东广东)In South Korea,we do not need to wait for people to get off.One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bus doors opened,I _ tried to get on the school bus through the front door.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciouslyD.slowlyC 由前文可知由前文可知,因韩国不必等别人下了车再上因韩国不必等别人下