高考英语一轮复习 专题12 状语从句课件 人教.ppt

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1、专题十二专题十二 状语从句状语从句 状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语,又叫副词性从句。在句子又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,也可以由一个起连词作用让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要

2、考点。2021/8/11 星期三1状语从句的分类及常用连接词状语从句的分类及常用连接词种类种类从属从属连词连词例句例句说明说明时时间间状状语语从从句句 whenwhenever When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like.when指指“某一具体的时间某一具体的时间”;whenever指指“在任何一个不具在任何一个不具体的时间体的时间”。whileWhile John was reading,I was watching TV.

3、I stayed while he was away.while指指“在在期间期间”,引导,引导的动作必须是持续性的。的动作必须是持续性的。asThey talked as they walked along the river.As time goes by,I like China better.as(一边(一边一边)表示持续一边)表示持续性动作,强调主句和从句动作性动作,强调主句和从句动作同时发生;随着。同时发生;随着。2021/8/11 星期三2bef-oreBefore I could get in a word,the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就还

4、没来得及就)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没还没就就)We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才才)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没趁还没就就)before引导从句时,词义引导从句时,词义非常灵活。非常灵活。Afte-rHe arrived after the game started.tillunti-lHe remained there till/until she arrived.She wont go to bed till/un

5、til he returns home.It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.Not until he returns home will she go to bed.若主句动作是持续性动作,常用若主句动作是持续性动作,常用肯定式,表示肯定式,表示“直到直到为止为止”;若主句动作是瞬间动词,要用;若主句动作是瞬间动词,要用否定式,表否定式,表“直直才才”,“在在以前不以前不”;从句放在句首时;从句放在句首时表示强调,一般用表示强调,一般用until并引起部并引起部分倒装。分倒装。2021/8/11 星期三3时时间间状状语

6、语从从句句 sinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.since在时间状语从句中,不论用短暂动词、在时间状语从句中,不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时,通延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时,通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起,主句时态多用现在完成时。起,主句时态多用现在完成时。as soon as hardly.when no sooner.thanthe momentthe instantthe secondimmediatelydirectlyinstantly As

7、 soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.Immediately he came I told him the news.We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we

8、 reached the airport than the plane took off.这些这些结构结构都表都表示示“一一就就”。2021/8/11 星期三4时时间间状状语语从从句句every/each timenext/last timeby the timethe first time Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to my help.I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.这类名词短语相当于这类名词短语相当于连词,引导时间状语连词,引导时间状语从句。从句。地地点点

9、状状语语从从句句wherewhereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.You can go wherever you like these days.where与与wherever意意义基本相同,但后者义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书语气较强,多用于书面语。面语。2021/8/11 星期三5原原因因状状语语从从句句 becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.because用来回答用来回答why 的问题,语气的问题,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。最强,一般放在主句之后。since

10、Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.since表示既然或已知的理由,也可表示既然或已知的理由,也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因,多放表示稍加分析就可知的原因,多放句首。句首。as并列连词并列连词forAs you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together,we missed you very much.It must have rained last night,for the ground is still wet.as引导的原因状语从句常放在句首,引导的原因状语从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说

11、明结果,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中;常用于口语中;for连接的是并列句。连接的是并列句。2021/8/11 星期三6原原因因状状语语从从句句now thatseeing thatin thatconsidering that Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.Seeing(that)he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.This book is different from that book in that this one is about ch

12、emistry and that one about history.considering that,seeing(that),now that,in that和和since 意义相似,都有意义相似,都有“鉴鉴于某个事实于某个事实”的意思。的意思。目目的的状状语语从从句句 so thatin order thatlest=for fear that You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should for

13、get it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.目的状语从句中常用情态动词目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前,从句往往放在放在动词之前,从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号。何标点符号。注意:注意:so that和和in order that与与so as to和和in order to的转换。的转换。2021/8/11 星期三7结结果果状状语语从从句句 so thatso.thatWe turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the

14、news.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.so that前有逗号为前有逗号为结果状语从句;结果状语从句;so.that的的so后面后面紧跟形容词或副词。紧跟形容词或副词。such.that He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.such.that的的such后面跟名词,如果后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用名词是单数就要用such a/an.that,还可以转换用还可以转换用so.that,语气较,语气较强。强。2021/8/11 星期三8条条件件状状语语从从句句 ifIf n

15、ot=unlessas/so long asin caseso/as far as We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So long as you work hard,you will succeed.In case I forget,please remind me about it.So far as I know,the book will be published next month.unless和和if.not同义,同义,unless是书是

16、书面语,面语,if.not是口语,通常二者是口语,通常二者可以换用;可以换用;unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式;从句的谓语只能用肯定式;条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。一般将来时或过去将来时。2021/8/11 星期三9方方式式状状语语从从句句 asas if/though As water is to fish,so air is to man.Do as you are told to.He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.此处此处as意

17、为意为“按照或正如按照或正如”;as if或或as though的意义和的意义和用法基本一样;用法基本一样;从句中可以用现在时,从句中可以用现在时,表示可能符合事实,也表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气。可以用虚拟语气。让让步步状状语语从从句句 thoughalthough Although its raining,they are still working in the field.We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day.though、although等引等引导的让步状语从句,不导的让步状语从句,不能和能和but连用,

18、但可以与连用,但可以与yet或或still连用。连用。though/although意义相意义相同,用法基本相同。同,用法基本相同。2021/8/11 星期三10让让步步状状语语从从句句 even ifeven thoughWell make a trip even though the weather is bad.even if和和even though意为意为“即使即使”“纵使纵使”有退一有退一步设想的意味。步设想的意味。asChild as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.as引导的让步状语从句常放引导的让步状语

19、从句常放在句首,并用部分倒装;在句首,并用部分倒装;此时,可与此时,可与though换用。换用。no matter wh-No matter what happened,he would not mindno matter wh-与与wh-+ever引导的让步状语从句意义引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,基本一样,no matter wh-引导的从句可以位于主句引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。前或主句后。wh-everWhateverhappened,he would not mind.判断判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点:还是名词性从句的要点:名词性从句

20、,主句中一定有一个名词性从句,主句中一定有一个成分要由从句担任,一般从句与成分要由从句担任,一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。主句之间没有逗号。2021/8/11 星期三11比比较较状状语语从从句句as.asnot so/as.asthe same.assuch.as Mary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.表示同程度级别的比表示同程度级别的比较,肯定句用较,肯定句用a

21、s.as否定句可用否定句可用not as.as 或或not so.as。thanHe runs less fast than me.表示不同程度的比较,表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。词的比较级。the more.the moreThe more you read,the better you understand.The sooner,the better the more.the more意为意为“越越越越”,从句,从句在前主句在后,这两个在前主句在后,这两个the都修饰表示程度的副都修饰表示程度的副词,用在形容词或副词比词,用在形容词或副词比较级的前面

22、;若句意明显,较级的前面;若句意明显,句子的主语和动词都可省句子的主语和动词都可省略。略。2021/8/11 星期三12.特特殊殊形形式式状状语语从从句句that Im pretty sure(that)hell agree.Im sorry(that)I didnt have time to write you.I am afraid that I cant go with you.that 引导的从句,往往跟在一个作引导的从句,往往跟在一个作表语的形容词后面,从概念上看是表语的形容词后面,从概念上看是宾语,所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语,所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句,但结构上看,也可以把

23、宾语从句,但结构上看,也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句,它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句,用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。的连词常常被省略。【考点一考点一】考查考查while,when和和asas,when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。引导的从句中用短暂性动词。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2021/8/11 星期三13当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导,不可用引导,不可用as 或或 while。When

24、 you have finished your work,you may have a rest.从句表示从句表示“随时间推移随时间推移”连词可用连词可用as,不用,不用when 或或while。As the day went on,the weather got worse.when还含有还含有“at that moment”的意思(的意思(=and then),引导的句子不能放在句首,也),引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用不能用as,while来替换。来替换。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填

25、空She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.(2009福建)福建)A.when B.while C.after D.since解析:选解析:选A。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知,主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知,主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成,引导词的意思是语动词之前已经完成,引导词的意思是“这时这时”。【考点二考点二】考查考查until和和till(1)两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示

26、两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时做某事直至某时”,动词,动词2021/8/11 星期三14必须是延续性的;用于否定句中表示必须是延续性的;用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事直至某时才做某事”,通常与短暂动词的否定式连,通常与短暂动词的否定式连用,这时,用,这时,until和和till也可用也可用before代替。正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词代替。正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。该用肯定式还是否定式。He waited until/till we finished our meal.I didnt leave until/till/

27、before she came back.(2)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till从句一般不放在句首。从句一般不放在句首。Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.(3)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。否定句可用另外两种句式表示。not until.在句首时,主句用倒装。在句首时,主句用倒装。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.not until用在强调句中,构成用在强调句中,构成“It is/wa

28、s not until.that.”强调句型。强调句型。It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.【考点三考点三】考查考查because,since,as和和for(1)because语气最强,用来回答语气最强,用来回答why的提问,放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用的提问,放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用because:2021/8/11 星期三15在回答在回答why的问句时;的问句时;在用于强调句型时;在用于强调句型时;被被not所否定时。所否定时。You want to

29、 know why Im leaving.Im leaving because Im full.It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.I didnt like the job because Im bad-paid.(2)表示已经知道的原因时用表示已经知道的原因时用as或或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比要比as正式一些。正式一些。Since you dont u

30、nderstand,I will explain it again.(3)for的语气不及的语气不及because,since,as强,为并列连词,引导的分句常放在主句之后,从句前强,为并列连词,引导的分句常放在主句之后,从句前通常用逗号,表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由,或对前一分句进行补充和解释。通常用逗号,表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由,或对前一分句进行补充和解释。Its morning now,for the birds are singing.【考点四考点四】考查考查“一一就就”结构结构 英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句,表示英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语

31、从句,表示“一一就就”,它们虽不是连词,它们虽不是连词,但具有连词的功能。这些词(短语)归纳起来,主要有以下几类:但具有连词的功能。这些词(短语)归纳起来,主要有以下几类:名词类:主要有名词类:主要有the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,the day 等。等。2021/8/11 星期三16The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.He is going to visit his aunt the

32、day he arrives in Beijing.副词类:主要有副词类:主要有immediately,directly,instantly,once 等。等。Once he arrives,we can start.Immediately he came I told him the news.句型类:主要有句型类:主要有no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when。若将。若将 no sooner,hardly,scarcely置于句首,则其后要用倒装语序。置于句首,则其后要用倒装语序。We had no sooner set out than it began t

33、o rain.=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.=Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.【考点五考点五】考查考查though的用法的用法though conj.虽然;尽管(不与虽然;尽管(不与but连用,但可以跟连用,但可以跟yet,still连用);也可用作副连用);也可用作副词(在句尾),表示词(在句尾),表示“然而然而”。Though we are poor,we are still h

34、appy.He promised to phone.I heard nothing,though.2021/8/11 星期三17as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。若表语是名词时,名词前常省略冠词。谓语提前。若表语是名词时,名词前常省略冠词。Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Much as/though I like it,I dont want to buy it.Try as/though he might,he wouldnt succeed.as though

35、=as if;even though=even ifYou sound as though/if youve caught a cold.Even though/if we achieve great successes in our work,we should not be conceited.【难点一难点一】几种特殊句型结构的区别几种特殊句型结构的区别用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a lo

36、ng time _ we meet them again.2021/8/11 星期三18Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.It was some time _ we realized the truth.解析:下列的解析:下列的It句型表示的含义各不相同:句型表示的含义各不相同:(1)“It is/was+时刻时刻+when从句从句”表示表示“某事发生

37、时是什么时候某事发生时是什么时候”。(2)“It is/has been+时间段时间段+since从句从句”表示表示“自从自从以来有多长时间了以来有多长时间了”。(3)“It will/would be+时间段时间段+before 从句从句”表示表示“还要过多长时间还要过多长时间才才”。(4)“It will/would not be+时间段时间段+before 从句从句”表示表示“过不了多长时间过不了多长时间就会就会”。(5)“It was+时间段时间段+before从句从句”表示表示“过了多长时间才过了多长时间才”。(6)“It was not+时间段时间段+before从句从句”表示表示

38、“没过多长时间就没过多长时间就”。所以,第所以,第题考查的是句型:题考查的是句型:It will/would be+时间段时间段+before 从句。第从句。第题考查题考查的是句型:的是句型:It is/was+时刻时刻+when从句。第从句。第题考查的是句型:题考查的是句型:It is/has been+时间时间段段+since从句;第从句;第考查的是句型:考查的是句型:It was+时间段时间段+before从句。从句。2021/8/11 星期三19温馨提示:温馨提示:注意下面两句话的含义。注意下面两句话的含义。It is five years since I lived in Jinan

39、.自从我不住在济南以来已经自从我不住在济南以来已经5年了。年了。It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.自从我住在济南以来已经自从我住在济南以来已经5年了。年了。【难点二难点二】状语从句中的时态状语从句中的时态用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。She will get married when she _(meet)the right man.We wont climb up the mountain until rain _(stop).解析:时间、条件等状语从句

40、中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表解析:时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第示将来完成时。第题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时,空白处填题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时,空白处填meets。第。第题用现在完成时表示将来完成时,空白处填题用现在完成时表示将来完成时,空白处填has stopped。【难点三难点三】only if和和if only用用only if或或if only完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。_you study hard,you will pass the test._ I had wings,I w

41、ould be able to travel around the world easily.2021/8/11 星期三20解析:解析:only if 引导的从句用陈述语气,意为引导的从句用陈述语气,意为“只要只要”;if only引导的从句要用虚引导的从句要用虚拟语气,意为拟语气,意为“但愿但愿”,“要是要是就好了就好了”。所以第。所以第题填题填Only if,第,第题题If only。1.Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal.(2010全国全国)A.so that B.although C.while D.as if解

42、析:选解析:选C。句意为:当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候,。句意为:当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候,Mary做了咖啡。做了咖啡。so that以便,表示目的;以便,表示目的;although尽管,虽然,表让步;尽管,虽然,表让步;as if好像,好像,while当当的时候。的时候。2.The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.(2010全全国国)A.or B.unlessC.but D.whether解析:选解析:选B。句意为:这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。句意为:这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他

43、讲故事。or或者,或者,表示选择;表示选择;unless除非,表示条件;除非,表示条件;but但是,表示转折;但是,表示转折;whether是否。根是否。根据句意选择据句意选择B。2021/8/11 星期三213._ you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.(2010上海上海)A.However a serious problem B.What a serious problemC.However serious a problem D.What serious a problem解析:选解析:选C。句

44、意为:无论你有多么严重的问题,你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。句意为:无论你有多么严重的问题,你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。however表示让步时其顺序应是:表示让步时其顺序应是:however+形容词形容词+主语主语+谓语。谓语。however作连接作连接副词,相当于副词,相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词,意为后接形容词或副词,意为“无论、不管无论、不管”,引导让,引导让步状语从句。步状语从句。4._ our manager objects to Toms joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.(2010上海上海)A.Un

45、til B.Unless C.If D.After解析:选解析:选B。句意为:除非我们经理反对。句意为:除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部,不然我们都应接受他加入俱乐部,不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。成为其中一员。unless除非等于除非等于if not。5.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives,_ they have the interest.(2010安徽安徽)A.wherever B.whenever C.even if D.as if2021/8/11 星期三22解析:

46、选解析:选C。句意为:工程师们非常繁忙,即使(。句意为:工程师们非常繁忙,即使(even if)有户外体育活动的兴)有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。趣也没有时间去做。6.Just use this room for the time being,and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.(2010安徽安徽)A.as soon as B.unless C.as far as D.until解析:选解析:选A。句意为:暂时先用这间房子,我们一有大的就给你换。句意为:暂时先用这间房子,我们一有大的就给你换。as soon as一

47、一就就,符合语境。,符合语境。7.Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(2010湖南湖南)A.if B.even though C.unlessD.as long as解析:选解析:选B。考查连词。句意为:。考查连词。句意为:Tim身材很好,尽管他不怎么锻炼。身材很好,尽管他不怎么锻炼。8.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.(2010辽宁辽宁)A.although B.unl

48、ess C.because D.if解析:选解析:选C。句意为:这位老人叫。句意为:这位老人叫Lucy挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系,所以用坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系,所以用because引导原因状引导原因状语从句。语从句。although引导让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句,2021/8/11 星期三23unless和和if引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。9.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the

49、school during the day,_ accompanied by an adult.(2010山东山东)A.once B.when C.if D.unless解析:选解析:选D。句意为:学校规章规定:除非有成年人陪同,否则孩子们在校期间。句意为:学校规章规定:除非有成年人陪同,否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”结构。结构。10.John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西陕西)A.when B.after C.before D.sinc

50、e解析:选解析:选C。考查状语从句。考查状语从句。“It(will)be+时间段时间段+状语从句状语从句”是固定句型,意是固定句型,意思是:过多久才思是:过多久才。11.When shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan.(2010四川四川)A.will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished解析:选解析:选D。句意为:。句意为:我们的生意何时重新开张?我们的生意何时重新开张?直到完成我们的计划。直到完成我们的计划。在时间状语从句中,经常用一般现在时表示将来,

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